Delhi Police Constable (Executive) 2023 Official Paper (Held On: 20 Nov, 2023 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Germany.

Key Points

• The Rourkela Steel Plant was set-up in 1959 in the Sundargarh district of Odisha in collaboration with Germany.
• The plant receives coal from Jharia (Jharkhand) and iron-ore from Sundargarh and Kendujhar.
• The first blast furnace, "Parvati", was lit up by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the then President of India, on February 3, 1959.
• The Hirakud Project supplies power for the electric furnaces and water is obtained from the Sankh and the Koel rivers.
• The plant receives coal from Jharia (Jharkhand) and iron-ore from Sundargarh and Kendujhar.

Additional InformationOther important Plants are:-

The correct answer is 27 × 16 m

Key Points

• About Kho-Kho:
• Kho Kho is one of the oldest games in the world, which was invented in Maharashtra (India).
• The origin of Kho-Kho is very difficult to know, but many of the historians assumed that it is a modified form of "Run Chase", which simply involves Chasing and Touching a person.
• In, Ancient times Kho-Kho was played on "Raths" or "Chariots". It was known as "Rathera".
• A Kho kho playing field is rectangular in shape. It is 27 x 16 meters (89 ft × 52 ft) in length.

Additional Information

• Other Facts of Kho Kho
• In the middle of these two rectangles field, there are Two Wooden poles.
• The Central lane's dimensions are 24 m x 30 cm.
• It is an Outdoor sport and played by teams of Twelve(12) nominated players out of Fifteen(15) players, of which nine(9) players enter the field who sit on their Knees (Chasing team), and Three(3) players extra (Defending team) who try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team(Chasing team).
• in 1949, the poles were firstly introduced in the game. Also, the Three(3) rounds at the beginning of the game were mitigated to one(1) round from pole to pole.
• The match of Kho-Kho consists of (2)two innings with each inning consisting of Chasing and Running Teams turns of nine(9) minutes each in the match.
• The Kho-Kho is governed in India by the Kho-Kho Federation of India (KKFI). It was established in 1955.
• The current captain of  Kho-K ho India is Nasreen Sheikh (August 2020).

The correct answer is Dr. Manmohan Singh.

Key Points

• Manmohan Singh:- 
• Manmohan Singh, an Indian politician, economist, and statesman was the nation's 13^th prime minister from 2004 to 2014.
• He was born on September 26, 1932. After Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi, he served as prime minister for the third-longest period of time.
• Singh, an Indian National Congress member, served as India's first Sikh prime minister.
• He was also the first prime minister to win reelection following a full five-year tenure since Jawaharlal Nehru.
• ​Former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh was the Union Finance Minister of India during the New Economic Policy 1991.
• The main objective of the policy was to plunge the Indian economy into the area of Globalization, to achieve economic stabilization, and also to move towards a higher economic growth rate.

Additional Information

• Pranab Mukherjee:-
• He was the President of India between 2012 and 2017.
• Mr. Mukherjee was the leader of the Indian National Congress.
• He was also Union Finance Minister between 2009 and 2012.
• He was Finance Minister for the first time in 1982-84.
• Awarded with the highest civilian honor by the government of India in 2019, the Bharat Ratna by President Ram Nath Kovind.
• He was also nominated as the leader of Rajya sabha in 1980.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• Kavadi is a folk dance associated with the Tamil Nadu state of India.
• Kavadi Aattam is a ceremonial sacrifice and offering practised by devotees during the worship of Lord Murugan, the Hindu God of War.
• It is a central part of the festival of Thaipusam and emphasizes debt bondage.
• Folk dances in India represent the culture and tradition of the community from where they originated
• Folk dances are usually performed during the respective community’s celebration- childbirth, festivals, weddings.​

Additional Information

• There are different types of Folk dances in India:

The Correct Answer is India

Key Points

• India won the Blind T20 Cricket World Cup in 2017 against Pakistan.
• The final match was held at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru, India.
• On February 12, 2017, India successfully chased down the target set by Pakistan, marking a significant victory.
• The final was a thriller game. Indian team chased down the target score in the very last over of the match.
• Prakash Jayaramaiah of the Indian team played a crucial role in the victory with his unbeaten 99 runs.
• This was the second edition of the Blind Cricket World Cup, and with this game, India retained their title.

Additional Information

The correct answer is a source of its raw material 

Key Points

• During the British era, India's economy was known as a market for agricultural products and a source of raw materials for British industries.
• British rule in India:
• Commercialization of agriculture
• The British introduced cash crops like tea, coffee, indigo, opium, cotton, jute, sugarcane, and oilseeds.
• This reduced India's self-sufficiency in food.
• Negative impact on Indian industries
• The British imported large quantities of products made by mechanical looms in England, which threatened Indian handicraft industries.
• Slow industrial development
• The British did not establish a capital goods industry to support India's industrial development.
• They wanted Indians to depend on Britain for capital and heavy goods.
• Stagnant per-capita income
• India's per-capita income remained mostly stagnant during the British Raj.
• Most of its GDP growth came from an expanding population.

Additional Information

• The British Raj had a devastating impact on India's economy, leading to a decline in the country's share of the world economy:
• Trade
• India's exports changed from processed goods to raw materials, and imports changed from bullion to manufactured goods.
• The British used tariffs to limit India's exports of finished goods, while allowing raw materials to be exported freely.
• Agriculture
• British economic policies led to a decline in agricultural yields and worsened the conditions of farmers.
• Poverty
• The British used land revenue for war, leaving little for development.
• This led to widespread poverty and recurring famines.
• Infrastructure
• The British built railways to connect inland regions with exporting ports, which made trading easier and more profitable for the British.
• However, the railways were built to facilitate exploitation of the local Indians.
• Handicrafts
• The British used discriminatory tariffs to undermine the Indian handicraft sector.
• The finished goods produced in the United Kingdom were machine-made and of higher quality and lower cost than the Indian handicraft ones.
• GDP
• India's GDP (PPP) per capita began to decline prior to the onset of British rule.
• From 1600 to 1871 the ratio of GDP per capita in India to that in Britain fell from more than 60% to less than 15%.

The correct answer is Chauri Chaura Incident

Key Points

• Chauri Chaura incident:-
• On February 5, 1922, a mob of protesters participating in the Non-cooperation Movement at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh, India, clashed with the police.
• The protesters set fire to the police station, killing 22 policemen.
• Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-cooperation Movement in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Additional Information

• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on April 13, 1919.
• On this day, around 50 troops of the British Indian Army, under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer, fired on a crowd of Baishakhi pilgrims, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab.
• After a public outcry, the British Government formed the Hunter Commission to probe into the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
• The Hunter Commission condemned the Massacre, but no action was recommended against General Dyer, who was responsible for the Massacre.
• Rabindranath Tagore returned his Knighthood in response to the massacre.
• Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921) was the Governor-General/Viceroy of India during the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
• Governor Michael O' Dyer was assassinated by Udham Singh in London in 1940 as revenge against the massacre.

The correct answer is Each team is made up of 12 players, with only 5 allowed on the court at any time. 

Key Points

• In basketball, each team typically has 12 players on the roster, including substitutes.
• At any given time, 5 players from each team are allowed on the court to play.
• Substitutions can be made throughout the game as per the rules.
• There is no limit to the number of substitutions a team can make during a game.

Additional InformationThe 5 players on the court typically have specific roles:

• Point Guard (PG): The primary ball-handler and playmaker.
• Shooting Guard (SG): A strong shooter, often tasked with scoring points from mid-range and three-point shots.
• Small Forward (SF): A versatile player who can score, defend, and assist.
• Power Forward (PF): Focuses on rebounding, defending, and scoring close to the basket.
• Center (C): Usually the tallest player, specializes in shot-blocking, rebounding, and scoring in the paint.

The correct answer is This system started in the year 2007. 

Key Points

• This system started in the year 2007.
• This is Incorrect: The collegium system did not start in 2007.
• It evolved through judicial decisions in three landmark cases known as the Three Judges Cases:
• First Judges Case (1981): The executive had primacy in judicial appointments.
• Second Judges Case (1993): The judiciary established its primacy by creating the collegium system for judicial appointments.
• Third Judges Case (1998): Expanded the collegium to include the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.
• Thus, the collegium system became functional in 1993, not 2007.

Additional Information

Collegium system:

• It is the system of appointment and transfer of judges that has evolved through judgments of the Supreme Court, and not by an Act of Parliament or by a provision of the Constitution.
• The Supreme Court collegium is headed by the CJI (Chief Justice of India) and comprises four other senior-most judges of the court.
• Judges of the higher judiciary are appointed only through the collegium system and the government has a role only after names have been decided by the collegium.

The correct answer is Kanpur 

Key Points

• The Communist Party of India(CPI) was formed in Kanpur on 26 December 1925.
• S. V. Ghate was the first Secretary of CPI.
• The main participants who contributed to the formation of the party were workers, students, peasants and intellectuals.
• CPI is the oldest communist party in India.

Additional Information

• The Communist conference in which CPI was formed was held at Kanpur in the same location at which the congress session was held.
• The Communist Conference was convened by Satya Bhakt.
• CPI worked in close association with Indian National Congress.
• Many small political groups like the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan (LKPH) merged with CPI.
• On 6 February 1926 at the conference in Krishnanagar the name of the party changed to Workers and Peasants Party of Bengal.

The correct answer is Mixed tide.

Key Points

• The tides having variations in height are known as Mixed tide.
• The periodical rise and fall of the sea level, once or twice a day, mainly due to the attraction of the sun and the moon, is called a tide.
• The moon’s gravitational pull to a great extent and to a lesser extent the sun’s gravitational pull, are the major causes for the occurrence of tides.
• Another factor is centrifugal force which acts opposite to gravitational pull of earth.

Additional Information

• Diurnal tide
• There is only one high tide and one low tide during each day.
• The successive high and low tides are approximately of the same height.
• Semi- diurnal tide
• The most common tidal pattern, featuring two high tides and two low tides each day .
• The successive high or low tides are approximately of the same height.
• Neap Tide
• A neap tide is a moderate tide that occurs when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other
• Neap tides have a tidal range that is usually 10 to 30 percent less than the mean tidal range

The correct answer is Money

Key Points

• Money is the most liquid of all assets.
• A liquid asset is cash on hand or an asset that can be easily converted to cash.
• In terms of liquidity, cash/money is supreme since cash/money as legal tender is the ultimate goal.
• Liquid assets are often viewed as cash, and likewise may be called cash equivalents because the owner is confident the assets can easily be exchanged for cash at any time.
• Examples of liquid assets held by both individuals and businesses include Cash, Money market assets, Marketable equity securities (stocks), Marketable debt securities (bonds), Accounts receivable, Inventory, etc.

Additional Information

• An asset which can be easily transformed into cash in less time and with no loss or little loss in value is known as a liquid asset.
• Liquid assets are usually compared with cash as the value remains the same whenever sold.
• These types of assets are commonly used by businesses and buyers.
• Liquidity describes your ability to exchange an asset for cash.
• The easier it is to convert an asset into cash, the more liquid it is.
• Cash or money is generally considered the most liquid asset.
• Cash in a bank account or credit union account can be accessed quickly and easily, via a bank transfer or an ATM withdrawal.

The correct answer is Rajpath

Key Points

• The Republic Day parade in 1955 was held at Rajpath in Delhi.
• This was the first time the parade was held in its present form at Rajpath.
• Before 1955, the parade was held at various venues, including Irwin Amphitheatre, Kingsway, Red Fort, and Ramlila Maidan
• The first Republic Day parade was held on January 26, 1950.

Additional Information

• The inaugural Republic Day parade in India was a small gathering. The solemn ceremony took place in the nation's capital at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, formerly known as the Irwin Amphitheatre.
• Dr Rajendra Prasad, India's first President, oversaw a ceremony to raise the flag.
• As the day the Indian National Congress (INC) issued the Declaration of Indian Independence in 1930, January 26 was chosen as India's Republic Day. The day was chosen since it was the day that the Poorna Swaraj resolution of the Congress was adopted.
• Republic Day is observed nationwide on January 26, 1950, the day the Constitution became operative. This day marked the beginning of India's ancient civilization, a mashup of several cultures and kingdoms. ​

The correct answer is Bharatanatyam.

Key Points

• Kumari Kamala was a renowned Bharatanatyam dancer, choreographer and teacher from India.
• Bharatanatyam is one of the oldest classical dance forms of India, with its origins in the temples of Tamil Nadu.
• It is characterized by intricate footwork, hand gestures, facial expressions and body movements that convey emotions and tell stories from Indian mythology and folklore.
• Vazhuvoor is a style of Bharatanatyam, a classical dance form originated in Tamil Nadu, India.
• It is named after the village Vazhuvoor in Tamil Nadu, where the style was developed and promoted by the dance guru Pandanallur Meenakshisundaram Pillai.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 56

Key Points

• The Vithal Temple (also known as the Vijaya Vittala Temple) in Hampi has 56 musical pillars (also referred to as "Saregamma pillars").
• These stone pillars are renowned for producing musical notes when tapped gently
• The Vittala Temple in Hampi is the grandest of all monuments in Hampi and represents the epitome of the Vijaynagara style of architecture.
• Built-in the 15^th century by King Devaraya II, it is dedicated to Lord Vittala or Krishna, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
• The temple is famous for its iconic stone chariot and the unique musical pillars.

Additional Information

• Hampi also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-central Karnataka, India.
• It is a pilgrimage center of the Hindu religion.
• It was built during the reign of King Devaraya II, but several portions of the temple were expanded during the reign of Krishnadevaraya (1509 – 1529 A.D.).

The correct answer is Baiga Tribal Dance

Key Points

• Arjun Singh Dhurve was conferred the Padma Shri in 2022 for his contribution to the Baiga dance form of Madhya Pradesh.
• Baiga dance form is a traditional dance form of the Baiga tribe, which is an indigenous community residing in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
• The dance form is characterized by its unique costumes, music, and movements, which depict the daily life and culture of the Baiga tribe.
• Arjun Singh Dhurve is a renowned Baiga dancer and has been actively promoting and preserving the Baiga dance form for over two decades.

Additional Information

• Chhau​
• Chau or Chhau is a semi-classical Indian dance with martial, tribal, and folk origins from Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and WestBengal.
• Chhau Dance is a popular form of tribal dance in India that incorporates elements of martial arts into its movements.
• This form of dance is a means to portray stories to the audience, which is why elaborate masks and headgear associated with battle and war are worn during the performance.
• It enacts episodes from epics including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore, and abstract themes.
• Over a century old, this dance form was widely endorsed by patrons belonging to the royal families, rich landlords, and British governors in the region.
• Kathak
• Kathak is one of the eight major classical dance forms of India and originated in North India.
• The dance form has its roots in the Mughal era and is characterized by intricate footwork, graceful hand movements, and storytelling through facial expressions.
• Kathak is closely associated with Hindustani classical music and is often performed to the accompaniment of tabla, sarangi, and sitar.
• The nineteenth century saw the golden age of Kathak under the patronage of Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Oudh.
• He established the Lucknow Gharana with its strong accent on bhava, the expression of moods and emotions.
• Bharatanatyam ​
• Bharatanatyam originated in Tamil Nadu.
• Bharatanatyam is the oldest Indian classical dance and it originated hundreds of years ago in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
• This dance form expresses the religious themes and spiritual ideas of South India.
• The ancient Tamil epic Silappatikaram contains the description of Bharatanatyam.

The correct answer is Confucius

Key Points

• The Asian scholar who, like Aristotle, supported the ethical concept of 'Golden Mean' as applied in communication was: Confucius
• Confucius, a Chinese philosopher, is known for his concept of the 'Doctrine of the Mean' or Zhong Yong in Chinese.
• This concept has similarities to Aristotle's 'Golden Mean'. Confucius' Doctrine of the Mean advocates for moderation and balance in all actions, and cautions against actions that are excessive or deficient.
• This principle promotes harmony and is seen as a guide to moral living.
• In terms of communication, the concept implies maintaining balance and moderation in our verbal and non-verbal exchanges to achieve effective communication.
• It urges avoiding extremes in emotions, language use, and behavior while communicating.

Additional Information

• Sun Tzu
• A Chinese military strategist who wrote The Art of War, a treatise on warfare strategy that is considered one of the most influential texts in history.
• Sun Tzu's advice to "Know your enemy and know yourself and you can fight a thousand battles without disaster" is quoted by Mao.
• Mao Zedong
• Mao's military writings were influenced by Sun Tzu's work, and Mao's writings paraphrase much of The Art of War.
• Mao's writings on revolutionary guerrilla war, such as On Guerrilla Warfare and On the Protracted War, were influenced by Sun Tzu.
• Mao adapted and expanded Sun Tzu's theory to include topics such as guerilla warfare, revolutions, and protracted wars. Mao's military career demonstrated his flexibility in using a variety of warfare types, including guerilla warfare, mobile warfare, and positional warfare.

The correct answer is Akbar.

Key Points 

• Akbar (1556-1605):
• Emperor Akbar founded the city by the name of “ILLAHABAS” which later became ALLAHABAD.
• He introduced the new religion as Din Ilahi.
• He introduced the Mansabdari system.
• Akbar defeated Hemu in the second battle of Panipat.
• He built Ibadat Khana in Fatehpur Sikri.
• He followed the policy of Sulh-i-kul.

Additional Information 

• Humayun (1530-40 and 1555-56):
• He was the son of Babur.
• The city of Din Panah was founded by Humayun in 1533.
• He fought two battles against Sher Shah Suri at Chausa (1539) and at Kannauj (1540) and was completely defeated by him.
• Jahangir (1605-1627):
• Jahangir was the eldest son of Akbar.
• Jahangir executed the fifth Sikh Guru, Arjun Dev.
• Under Jahangir, Mughal paintings reached their zenith.
• Shah Jahan (1627-1658):
• He was the son of Jahangir.
• A French traveller, Tavernier visited during his reign
• Diwan-i-Khas and Diwan-i-Am, a hall of private and public audiences are built by

The correct answer is Mandamus.

Key Points

• Mandamus is a writ issued by a higher court to compel a lower court or a government officer to perform mandatory or purely ministerial duties correctly.
• It ensures that public authorities fulfill their legal duties.
• It cannot be issued to compel a private individual or body.
• The term Mandamus means "We Command" in Latin.
• This writ is a powerful tool for judicial review of administrative actions.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 2001.

Key Points

• Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana was launched in the year 2001.
• Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana has been merged with NREGS since February 2006.
• The objective was to provide additional wage employment and food security, alongside the creation of durable community assets in rural areas.
• The annual outlay was Rs.10, 000 crore which included 50 lakh tones on food grains.
• The cash component shared between the Centre and the States in the ratio of 75:25.
• Foodgrains were provided free of cost to the States/UTs.

The correct answer is Water.

Key Points

• Inorganic compounds are important in the body and responsible for many simple functions.
• The major inorganic compounds are water (H2O), bimolecular oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and some acids, bases, and salts.
• The inorganic compound, any substance in which two or more chemical elements (usually other than carbon) are combined, nearly always in definite proportions.
• Compounds of carbon are classified as organic when carbon is bound to hydrogen.
• Carbon compounds such as carbides (e.g., silicon carbide [SiC2]), some carbonates (e.g., calcium carbonate [CaCO3]), some cyanides (e.g., sodium cyanide [NaCN]).graphite, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide are classified as inorganic.
• Chemical compound  Inorganic compounds.

Additional Information

• Meat:
• Meat is an organic source of food.
• It contains carbon compounds such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, which provide energy and nutrients to the body.
• Grains:
• Grains, such as rice, wheat, and corn, are organic sources of food.
• They are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and fiber, all of which are carbon-based compounds.
• Vegetables:
• Vegetables are also organic sources of food.
• They contain vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and other essential nutrients, which are derived from organic compounds.

The correct answer is 6^th 

Key Points

• The Sixth Report of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) is related to recommendations on Panchayati Raj.
• State legislatures should establish panchayats at the appropriate level and give them the power to function as institutions of self-government.
• Every district should have a District Council that includes both rural and urban areas.
• The state government should establish audit committees to ensure accountability and transparency of local government members.

Additional Information

• Panchayati Raj system is based on the principle of Decentralisation of power.
• Panchayati Raj is an important feature of Indian polity ensuring direct participation of common people (Article 243 G – 243 H) in decision making.
• Under DPSP article 40 it’s mentioned that State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.
• Panchayati Raj system is a system of rural local self-government.
• It was introduced by the 73^rd constitutional amendment act,1992.
• In 1882 Lord Rippon provided the democratic framework to local governance. This gave him the title of “father of local self-government in India”.

The correct answer is Directive Principles of State Policy

Key Points

• The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) in the Indian Constitution promote the ideals of social and economic democracy.
• DPSPs:
• These principles are found in Part IV of the Constitution.
• They are instructions to the state on how to formulate policies and enact laws.
• They are intended to establish a welfare state in India.
• They are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced by the courts.
• They are fundamental to the governance of the country.
• They impose a moral obligation on the state to apply them.
• They are classified into three broad categories: socialistic, Gandhian, and liberal-intellectual.

Additional Information

• The concept of single citizenship in India was inspired by the British Constitution
• The concept of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution was borrowed from the Soviet Constitution of the USSR (now Russia)
• The Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution in 1976 by the 42^nd Constitutional Amendment Act, on the recommendation of Sardar Swaran Singh.
• Co-operative Societies
• ​A co-operative society is a voluntary association of people who join together to achieve common economic, social, and cultural goals.
• The main objective of a co-operative society is to support its members, especially those from poorer sections of society.

The correct answer is Hiranya - Garbha Yajna

Key Points

• In the mid-eighth century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed the ritual of hiranya-garbha.
• This ritual is also known as the "golden womb" ritual.
• Golden Womb:-
• It​ is a ritual performed by ancient Indian rulers to ensure the birth of a son who would be the rightful heir to the throne.
• This ritual involved the king lying down on a bed of gold and his queen sitting on his lap.
• The queen would then be blessed by the priests to conceive a male child.

Additional Information

• Dantidurga was the founder of the Rashtrakuta dynasty.
• The ritual was performed to demonstrate that Dantidurga was reborn as a Kshatriya.
• The ritual was performed with the help of Brahmanas.
• The ritual was performed to ensure the birth of a son who would be the rightful heir to the throne.
• The ritual involved the king lying on a bed of gold and his queen sitting on his lap.
• The queen would then be blessed by the priests to conceive a male child

The correct answer is 23 January

Key Points

• Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's birth anniversary is celebrated on January 23
• It is also known as Parakram Diwas.
• The Government of India celebrates his birthday as Parakram Diwas, which means "Day of Valour".
• The day is celebrated to inspire people to be courageous and to foster a sense of national pride.
• The Ministry of Culture organizes the celebrations along with other institutions.
• The government also instituted the Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskaar to recognize people and institutions that work in disaster management. ​

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1916.

Key Points

• The Home Rule Movement was started in 1916.
• The main motto of the Home Rule Movement was for the establishment of self-government for India in the British empire using constitutional methods.
• Home Rule Movements were launched in the country in 1916 under the leadership of Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the popular slogan during the movement - "Home Rule is my birth-right, and I will have it."​

Important Points

• The Government of India Act 1909 was dissatisfactory to the aspirations of Indians. Tilak launched the Indian Home Rule League in April 1916 at Belgaum.
• Annie Besant launched the Home Rule League in September 1916 at Madras.
• They had the common objective of achieving self-government in India.
• There was an informal understanding between both the leagues wherein Tilak's league worked in Maharashtra (except Bombay), Karnataka, Berar, and the Central Provinces. Besant's league worked in the rest of the country.
• Tilak's league had its headquarters in Delhi. It had 6 branches. Besant's league had 200 branches and was a looser organization compared to Tilak's.
• The two leagues worked closely with one another. However, they did not merge to avoid friction between both leaders.

Additional Information

• Krishnavarma founded the Indian Home Rule Society in February 1905.
• The Purna Swaraj resolution was proclaimed by The Indian National Congress at Lahore Session in 1929.
• The Lahore session was chaired by Pt Jawaharlal Nehru.

The correct answer is President

Key Points

• The Contingency Fund of India is operated by the Finance Secretary on behalf of the President of India.
• The Finance Secretary is a member of the Department of Economic Affairs.
• The Contingency Fund of India is a fund set aside to deal with emergencies and unforeseen expenditures.
• The fund is established under Article 267 (1) of the Constitution.
• The Contingency Fund of India Act, 1950 added the fund to the Indian Constitution.
• The President can make advances from the fund to meet urgent expenses, but Parliament must authorize the expenditure.
• The government cannot withdraw funds from the fund without Parliament's approval. ​

Additional Information

• Other funds of the Indian government are
• Consolidated Fund of India
• The main fund of the Central Government
• Includes all government revenues, such as taxes, fees, and loans
• Used to pay for routine expenses, such as salaries, pensions, and infrastructure projects
• Requires parliamentary approval for any withdrawals
• The Comptroller and Auditor General of India audits the fund
• Public Accounts of India
• ​Includes all public money received by the government that isn't credited to the Consolidated Fund
• Includes fund s for national defense, national savings, and disaster management

The correct answer is Selling part of equity shares of public sector undertakings to public

Key Points

• Selling part of equity shares of public sector undertakings to public:
• This is a feature of privatisation, not liberalisation.
• Privatisation involves transferring ownership or control from the public sector to the private sector.
• Examples:
• Selling stakes in companies like Bharat Petroleum, LIC, or Air India.
• It allows private shareholders to own a part of these enterprises.

Additional Information

• Liberalization is the process of reducing or removing government restrictions on economic activity.
• It is often used in the context of economic reforms, such as the 1991 economic reforms in India.
• Some features of liberalization include:
• Abolishing industrial licensing
• Lowering interest rates and tariffs
• Removing the public sector's monopoly in certain areas of the economy
• Disinvesting in public sector enterprises
• Privatizing public sector enterprises

The correct answer is Fundamental Duties

Key Points

• Fundamental duties were added on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.
• The committee suggested that the duty to pay taxes to be included in the fundamental duties.
• The committee also recommended that the legislatures should prescribe law for imposing a penalty for violation of the duties.
• But paying taxes and penalty for violation duties are not incorporated in the constitution
• The idea of Fundamental Duties is inspired by the Constitution of Russia.
• These were incorporated in Part IV-A of the Constitution by the 42^nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
• Originally 10 in number, one more duty was added through the 86^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.
• All the eleven duties are listed in Article 51-A of the Constitution (the sole Article in Part-IV-A).
• The fundamental duties serve as a reminder to citizens that while enjoying their rights, they have also to be quite conscious of duties they owe to their country, their society, and their fellow-citizens.
• However, like the Directive Principles, the duties are also non-justiciable in nature.

Additional Information 

According to Article 51 A, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India:

• to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
• to cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom;
• to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
• to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
• to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
• to value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture;
• to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures;
• to develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
• to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
• to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement; and
• to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years. (This duty was added by the 86^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.​)

The correct answer is Jaishankar Prasad.

Key Points Kamayani:

• Kamayani is a Hindi poem by Jaishankar Prasad.
• It is one of the greatest literary works written in modern times in Hindi literature.
• It signifies the epitome of Chhayavadi school of Hindi poetry which gained popularity in the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries.
• The poem is based on a Vedic story about Manu, a man who survives a deluge and becomes emotionless.
• The poem uses mythological metaphors to depict the interplay of human emotions, thoughts, and actions.
• Kamayani is considered the epitome of the Chhayavadi school of Hindi poetry, which was popular in the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Devratnas

Key Points

• Devratnas:
• This is not an actual status granted to PSUs.
• It is a fictional term.
• The statuses given to PSUs are Maharatna, Navratna, and Miniratna.

Additional Information

• The Government of India grants these statuses to PSUs based on their financial performance and progress.
• The goal is to improve efficiency, professionalism, and global competitiveness. 
• Maharatna: The most recent status, granted to companies with the highest financial performance.
• Maharatna companies have the most autonomy and authority.
• Navratna: A status granted to companies with good financial performance.
• Miniratna: A status granted to companies with good financial performance.
• The government provides these companies with more financial power and autonomy

The correct answer is Related to Atlantic

Key Points

• Hurricanes are related to the Atlantic Ocean and the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
• They are strong tropical cyclones that occur in these regions.
• Hurricanes are a type of tropical cyclone that occur in the Atlantic Ocean and the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
• They are also known as cyclones in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific.
• Hurricanes develop over warm ocean waters between 8°–15° N.
• They are caused by a combination of factors, including warm tropical oceans, moisture, and relatively light winds.
• Hurricanes can produce violent winds, large waves, torrential rains, and floods.

Additional Information

• Cyclones are given different names in different regions of the world.
• For example, they are called:
• Typhoons: In the Western Pacific, South China Sea, Japan sea, and Philippines islands
• Willy-willies: In Western Australia
• Tornadoes: In the U.S.A and Mexico

The correct answer is Anamudi.

Key Points 

• The highest peak in the Western Ghats is Anamudi.
• Anamudi is located in Kerala.
• Anamudi is the highest peak in Kerala.
• Anamudi is also known as the Everest of South India.
• Anamudi is the highest peak in peninsular India.
• The elevation of Anamudi hill is 2,695 meters.
• The name Anamudi means "elephant's head".
• General Douglas Hamilton made the first recorded ascent of Anamudi.
• Anamudi is the meeting point of Anamalai, Palanimalai, and ealaimalai.
• Eravikulam is the national park in which Anamudi is located.

Additional Information

• Nilgiri/Blue mountain is the meeting place of western ghats and eastern ghats.
• Mahendragiri ​
• Mahendragiri is a mountain in Odisha, India, located in the Rayagada subdivision of the Gajapati district.
• It is one of the highest peak in the eastern ghats.
• Now The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is Jindhagada Peak.
• It is located at an elevation of 1,501 metres in the Eastern Ghats. After Deomali in the Koraput district, this is Odisha's second highest mountain peak.
• Because of the various medicinal plants and other species present here, Mahendragiri hill and its surrounding areas have been designated as a biodiversity hotspot.
• The Mahendragiri Biosphere Reserve Committee, which was formed in November 2011, conducted its final meeting in December, following which it published its final report, which recommended that a Biosphere Reserve be established in the Mahendragiri Hill Complex.
• Javedi Hills
• The Javadi Hills are a range of hills in the northern part of Tamil Nadu, India.
• They are part of the Eastern Ghats mountain range
• The hills are made of bluish-gray granite
• The peaks of the hills are about 1,100–1,500 meters high
• The hills are divided into eastern and western sections by the Cheyyar and Agaram rivers

The correct answer is They are the living components of the ecosystem

Key Points

• The claim that abiotic components are the living components of an ecosystem is false.
• Abiotic components are the non-living parts of an ecosystem.
• Abiotic components are non-living parts of an ecosystem, such as water, air, soil, rocks, light, and temperature.
• Abiotic components affect the living components of an ecosystem, such as plants and animals.
• The living components of an ecosystem are called biotic components.
• These include plants, animals, fungi, and microscopic living organisms such as bacteria and protists.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is 5,000 zat

Key Points

• According to Mughal records, there were 29 Mansabdars with a rank of 5,000 zat during Akbar's reign.
• The Mansabdari system was a revenue and administrative system introduced by Mughal emperor Akbar in 1571 AD.
• The rank of a Mansabdar was determined by a numerical value called zat.
• The higher the zat, the higher the Mansabdar's salary, status, and position in the court.
• The Mansabdar's rank was also determined by a cavalry rank called sawar.
• Mansabdars were paid their salaries as revenue assignments called jagirs.
• The Mansabdar was responsible for maintaining a fixed number of troops, horses, elephants, camels, mules, and crafts.

Additional Information

• Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar[9] (15 October 1542[a] – 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great,and also as Akbar I (Persian pronunciation: [was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.
• Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in the Indian subcontinent.
• He is generally considered one of the greatest emperors in Indian history and led a successful campaign to unify the various kingdoms of Hindūstān or India proper

The correct answer is Coir Industry

Key Points

• The coir industry is an example of a cooperative sector industry.
• The coir industry is a cooperative sector industry in Kerala, India.
• Coir is a natural fiber extracted from the outer husk of a coconut.
• It is used to make products like brushes, doormats, floor mats, and mattresses.

Additional Information

• Cooperative sector industries
• ​These industries are owned and operated by the workers or suppliers of raw materials, or both.
• Other examples of cooperative sector industries
• The sugar industry in Maharashtra
• Amul
• Kerala Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation
• Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF)
• Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited
• Indian Coffee House
• Horticultural Producers' Cooperative Marketing and Processing Society​

The correct answer is Lion capital of Sarnath

Key Points

• The National Emblem of India was adopted on 26^th January 1950.
• It is a representational seal of the Republic of India, based on Ashoka Pillar's Lion Capital (based in Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh.)
• The Indian National Emblem's motto is 'Satyamev Jayate,' which means 'Truth Alone Triumphs.'
• The National Emblem is a symbol of power that appears in all official government communications.
• "A heraldic instrument or symbolic object as a unique insignia of a nation, organization, or family," according to the definition.
• A nation's National Emblem is a seal that is used for official purposes and commands the highest respect and allegiance.
• The National Emblem of India may only be used in accordance with the provisions of the State Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act-2005, and any unauthorized use is illegal.

Additional Information 

• The National Emblem can be displayed in the following public buildings:
• Rashtrapati Bhawan
• Parliament House
• Supreme Court
• Central Secretariat buildings
• Raj Bhawan or Raj Niwas
• State Legislature
• High Courts
• Secretariat buildings of the States or the Union territories
• Premises of India’s Diplomatic Mission abroad
• Heads of Missions' residences in the countries where they are accredited.
• At the front doors of buildings where India's consulates are located.

The correct answer is Shehnai

Key Points

• S Ballesh Bhajantri
• S. Ballesh Bhajantri is an Indian classical Hindustani Shehnai player.
• He plays often for Prasar Bharati's All India Radio (AIR) and Doordarshan.
• He was awarded India's fourth-highest civilian honor, the Padma Shri, in 2022.
• He was bestowed the title of 'Dakshina Bharat Bismillah Khan" by Ustad Bismillah Khan himself.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Only the Supreme Court of India

Key Points

• A dispute related to the election of the President of India can only be filed in the Supreme Court of India.
• Article 71 of the Indian Constitution specifies that the Supreme Court has the exclusive jurisdiction to resolve any disputes or doubts regarding the election of the President or Vice-President of India.
• The Supreme Court has the sole authority to decide on any disputes regarding the election of the President or the Vice-President of India.
• Other courts, including High Courts or any other lower courts, do not have the jurisdiction to hear disputes related to presidential elections.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Ghumura

Key Points

• Ghumura A folk dance from the Kalahandi district of Odisha.
• The dance's dress code is similar to a tribal dance, but some say the dance forms and mudras are more similar to other classical Indian dance forms.
• The ghumura naat is said to be a combination of the Damru of Lord Shiva and the Veena of Goddess Saraswati.
• The Ghumura dance symbolizes victory over evil

Additional Information

• Folk dances
• Dalkhai: A dance performed by young girls during festivals like Dussehra and Bhaijuntia
• Chaiti Ghoda: A dance performed by fisherman tribes like the Keot, representing the Chaitri month
• Sambalpuri: A traditional dance from western Odisha that incorporates tribal and rural influences
• Jhumair: A folk dance from northern and western Odisha
• Dhap: A Sambalpuri folk dance performed by the Kandha tribe of western Odisha
• Classical dances 
• Odissi: A classical dance that originated in the Hindu temples of Odisha.
• It is based on the ancient Sanskrit text Natya Shastra.
• Puppet dances 
• Kandhei: A puppet dance from Odisha
• Other dances
• Chhau: An ancient dance that originated in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha
• Gotipua: A dance that emerged from the Devadasi tradition
• Ruk Mar Nacha: A dance that originated in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha

The correct answer is 'Lost Wax casting'.

Key Points

• The bronze statue of a dancing girl from Mohenjo-Daro is a significant example of the prehistoric Harappan Civilisation.
• It was made using the technique known as lost wax casting.
• Wax is used to create a wax replica of the statue, which is then covered with a cast or mould.
• When the mould is heated, the wax drains out.
• The mould is then filled with molten bronze, which is then cooled.
• The metal statue is gradually revealed once the cast has been carefully broken.

Hence, the correct answer is Lost Wax casting.

Additional Information Let's have a look at other options:

• Stone carving
• ​Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are carefully removed and moulded.
• Stone carving is one of the processes which may be used by an artist when creating a sculpture.
• Ivory carving
• ​Ivory carving is the process of carving ivory, which is an animal tooth or tusk, usually with the help of sharp cutting instruments that are operated manually or mechanically.
• Humans have ornamentally carved ivory since prehistoric times, it was usually a rare and expensive material used for luxury products.
• Wood carving
• ​Wood carving is a form of woodworking by means of a cutting tool (knife) in one hand or a chisel by two hands or with one hand on a chisel and one hand on a mallet, resulting in a wooden figure or image, or in the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object.
• The making of sculpture in wood has been extremely widely practised,

The correct answer is Narendra Modi

Key Points

• The 36^th National Games, whose theme is Celebrating Unity Through Sports, are being held after a gap of seven years and took place from September 29 to October 12 at the EKA Arena TransStadia in Ahmedabad.
• As many as six cities in Gujarat - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot and Bhavnagar.
• The 36^th National Games was officially launched by PM Narendra Modi at a lavish Opening Ceremony at the Narendra Modi venue in Gujarat.
• New Delhi additionally hosted the track cycling event.
• The curtain-raiser event (held on 3^rd September 2022)witnessed the unveiling of the Games Anthem and Mascot, as well as a custom-curated website and mobile application, marking the beginning of the biggest sporting extravaganza in the country.
• An estimated 7,000 athletes from 28 states and eight Union Territories are expected to take part across 36 disciplines that include most traditional Olympic sports.
• Indigenous sports like Mallakhamb and Yogasana also featured in the National Games for the first time.
• The 2020 edition of the National Games was scheduled to be held in Goa but was cancelled due to the covid pandemic.

Additional Information 

• National Games of India
• The National Games of India comprises various disciplines in which sportsmen from the different states of India participate against each other.
• The first such event was held in Lahore in the year 1924.
• The country's first few Olympic Games, now renamed as National Games, were held in North India (Delhi, Lahore, Allahabad, Patiala), Chennai, Calcutta, and Mumbai.
• For several years in the mid-twentieth century, the national games were conducted on a low-key note.
• However, the first Modern National Games on the lines of the Olympics were held in 1985 in New Delhi.

The correct answer is Lucknow Pact

Key Points

• Lucknow Pact is considered as an important Pact for Hindu Muslim unity during the Indian freedom struggle.
• The Lucknow Pact was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.
• It was held in Lucknow in December 1916.
• It was for the first time that the Hindus and the Muslims came together on common ground.
• It sowed the seed of belief among the British that India could get a government of Self.

Additional Information

• In 1916 at Lucknow, both the Congress and Muslim League signed a pact known as the Lucknow Pact and put forward common political demands before the Government including the demand for self-government for India after the war.
• The Pact accepted separate electorates and the system of weightage and reservation of seats for the minorities in the legislatures. So, option 2 is correct.
• This was the first time both the INC and the Muslim League's leaders had met in a joint session.
• The pact provided a joint political platform for the Moderates, Extremists, and the Muslim League.​
• The Indian National Congress was headed by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League was led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
• Lucknow Pact was adopted by Congress at its Lucknow session on 29 December 1916.
• Lucknow Pact was adopted by the Muslim League on 31 December 1916.
• The Pact addressed both the structure of India's government and the relationship between Hindu and Muslim communities.
• This Lucknow pact prepared the door for Hindu-Muslim cooperation in the Khilafat movement, as well as Mohandas Gandhi's non-cooperation movement, which began in 1920.
• Muslim League was formed in 1906.

The correct answer is Lal Krishna Advani

Key Points

• My Country My Life is an autobiographical book by L. K. Advani, an Indian politician who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of India.
• The book was released on 19 March 2008 by Abdul Kalam, the eleventh President of India.
• The book has 1,040 pages and narrates autobiographical accounts and events in the life of Advani.
• It became the best-seller book in non-fiction. The book alongside mentions the event in Indian politics and India's history from 1900 till date.

Additional Information

• Advani is one of the co-founders and a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a longtime member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
• One Life Is Not Enough is an autobiography by K. Natwar Singh, former Minister of External Affairs and senior Indian National Congress politician.
• India's best known boxer, five times World Champion and an Olympic medallist, Mary Kom tells the moving and inspiring story of her life with surprising honesty  in her book Unbreakable.

The correct answer is national income

Key Points

• The value of final goods and services produced in a country is known as National income.
• National income refers to the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders during a specific period, typically a year.
• It serves as a comprehensive measure of a country's economic performance and standard of living.
• National income is often calculated using various methods such as the Production Method, Income Method, and Expenditure Method.

Additional Information

• Components
• ​Production Method
• This method calculates GDP by summing the value-added at each stage of production in various sectors.
• Value-added refers to the difference between the value of output and the cost of intermediate goods used in production.
• Income Method
• This method calculates GDP by summing all incomes earned by individuals, businesses, and the government within a country.
• It Includes wages, rent, interest, and profits. Additionally, it takes into account indirect taxes and subtracts subsidies.
• Expenditure  Method
• This method calculates GDP by summing all expenditures on final goods and services in the economy.
• It Includes consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports (exports minus imports).

The correct answer is Single 

Key Points

• Phylum Platyhelminthes belongs to the kingdom Animalia.
• The organisms are also known as flatworms.
• These are acoelomates and they include many free-living and parasitic life forms.
• They have a single opening in their digestive system that serves both as a mouth and an anus.

Additional Information

• Platyhelminthes have the following important characteristics:
• They are triploblastic, acoelomate, and bilaterally symmetrical.
• They may be free-living or parasites.
• The body has a soft covering with or without cilia.
• Their body is dorsoventrally flattened without any segments and appears like a leaf.
• They are devoid of the anus and circulatory system but have a mouth.
• They respire by simple diffusion through the body surface.
• They have an organ level of organization.
• They do not have a digestive tract.
• The space between the body wall and organs is filled with connective tissue parenchyma which helps in transporting the food material.
• They are hermaphrodites, i.e., both male and female organs are present in the same body.
• They reproduce sexually by fusion of gametes and asexually by regeneration by fission and regeneration. Fertilization is internal.
• The life cycle is complicated with one or more larval stages.
• They possess the quality of regeneration.
• The flame cells help in excretion and osmoregulation.
• The nervous system comprises the brain and two longitudinal nerve cords arranged in a ladder-like fashion.

The correct answer is Kulapati.

Key Points

• In early Vedic society, the head of the family was known as the Kulapati.
• The Kulapati was usually the oldest male member of the family.
• The Kulapati was the head of the family in Vedic culture.
• The term "Kula" means "family" in Vedic.

Additional Information Political Organization during Early Vedic Period:

• The basic unit of political organization was kula or family.
• Several families joined together on the basis of their kinship to form a village or grama.
• The leader of the grama was known as gramani. A group of villages constituted a larger unit called visu. It was headed by vishayapati.
• The highest political unit was called jana or tribe.
• There were several tribal kingdoms during the Rig Vedic period such as Bharatas, Matsyas, Yadus and Purus.
• The head of the kingdom was called as rajan or king. The Rig Vedic polity was normally monarchical and the succession was hereditary.

The correct answer is Marie Curie.

Key Points

• Marie Curie is the physicist known for her research into radiation phenomena and the discovery of polonium and radium.
• She also contributed to cancer treatments.
• Marie Curie, was a Polish-born physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity – a term she herself coined.
• In fact, not only did she discover radium, but she also discovered another element, polonium, which she named after her native country, Poland.
• Her work with radium began as a continuation of the research conducted by Henri Becquerel, who first discovered radioactivity in uranium minerals. Intrigued by Becquerel's work, the Curies proceeded to investigate uranium's properties and then expanded their research to other potential elements that exhibited the same behavior.

Additional Information

• During their research, the Curies established that radioactivity wasn't due to interactions with other elements but was, instead, an atomic property.
• This was a groundbreaking revelation at the time and fundamentally changed the understanding of how atoms worked.
• From ore called pitchblende, which was known to contain uranium, they managed to extract trace amounts of a significantly more radioactive element, which they named radium.
• This discovery in 1898 confirmed their hypothesis that radioactivity was not unique to uranium.
• Marie Curie's work on radioactivity has earned her a host of prestigious accolades, including two Nobel Prizes: the Nobel Prize in Physics (which she shared with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel) in 1903, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911.
• She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and she remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different fields of the natural sciences.
• Her contributions to science, particularly in the field of radioactivity, have made a significant impact on the world.

The correct answer is NITI Aayog 

Key Points

• The NITI Aayog releases official poverty estimates in India using data from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO).
• The NITI Aayog is a task force that calculates the poverty line based on the data collected by the NSSO.
• The NITI Aayog is the successor to the Planning Commission of India.
• The NITI Aayog also uses data from other sources, such as the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), to estimate multidimensional poverty.
• The NITI Aayog releases the National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report, which tracks India's progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). ​

Additional Information Poverty Estimation: 

• ​A common method used to estimate poverty in India is based on the income or consumption levels and if the income or consumption falls below a given minimum level, then the household is said to be Below the Poverty Line (BPL).
• The number of people living below the poverty line is used to calculate the poverty rate, which is the percentage of the population that is poor.

The correct answer is The People's Plan

Key Points

• People's Plan was introduced in the year 1945, before planned economic development began in India.
• This plan was based on Marxist socialism and it advocated that people first must be provided with ‘basic necessities of life’.
• The plan focused on agriculture and consumer goods
• It emphasized the nationalization of land and production
• The plan advocated for the establishment of state-owned industrialization
• The plan aimed to meet the basic needs of the Indian people​

Additional Information

For find the opposite surface of 'four dots', we need to compare the common surface in the given dices,

So, From Dice 1 and Dice 2,

From both dices, 5 and 3 dots are common. So, remaining surface will be opposite to each other.

So, Six dots will be opposite to four dots.

Hence, the correct answer is "Six".

The logic followed here is:

Given Sequence: C _ E _ T _ W _ R T C W _ R _ C W E _ _

Now, putting the letters in the blank spaces given in the option one by one:

Option 1) WRCEETRT → C W E R T / C W E R T / C W E R T / C W E R T

Here, 'C W E R T' is the pattern.

Option 2) WRCERTRT → C W E R T / C W E R T / C W R R T / C W E R T 

Option 3) WRCERERT → C W E R T / C W E R T / C W R R E / C W E R T

Option 4) WRCETERT → C W E R T / C W E R T / C W T R E / C W E R T

Hence, the correct answer is "WRCEETRT".

Given equation: 14 × 2 ÷ 9 - 5 + 18 = 76

Option 1) ÷ and ×

Two signs need to be interchanged then:

⇒ 14 ÷ 2 × 9 - 5 + 18 = 76

⇒ 7 × 9 - 5 + 18 = 76

⇒ 63 - 5 + 18 = 76

⇒ 81 - 5 = 76

⇒ 76 = 76

Option 2) ÷ and +

Two signs need to be interchanged then:

⇒ 14 × 2 + 9 - 5 ÷ 18 = 76

⇒ 14 × 2 + 9 - 0.2 = 76

⇒ 28 + 9 - 0.2 = 76

⇒ 37 - 0.2 = 76

⇒ 36.8 ≠ 76

Option 3) - and +

Two signs need to be interchanged then:

⇒ 14 × 2 ÷ 9 + 5 - 18 = 76

⇒ 14 × 0.22 + 5 - 18 = 76

⇒ 3.08 + 5 - 18 = 76

⇒ 8.08 - 18 = 76

⇒ -14.92 ≠ 76

Option 4) − and ×

Two signs need to be interchanged then:

⇒ 14 - 2 ÷ 9 × 5 + 18 = 76

⇒ 14 - 0.22 × 5 + 18 = 76

⇒ 14 - 1.1 + 18 = 76

⇒ 32 - 1.1 = 76

⇒ 30.9 ≠ 76

Hence, the correct answer is "÷ and ×".

The paper look when unfolded:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

From figure 1 to 2, and figure 3 to 4:

Top-right, middle-left, bottom-left, and middle-right symbols are shifting their position in an anticlockwise direction.

Middle symbols is replaced by a new symbol.

From figure 2 to 3, and figure 4 to 5:

Top-right, middle and bottom-left symbols are shifting their position in a clockwise direction.

Middle-left and middle-right surface symbols are interchanging their position.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct mirror image of the given figure:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given: Six friends Farheen, Pooja, Richa, Sonika, Vani and Tanya are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

1) Vani is sitting third to the left of Richa.

2) Sonika is sitting second to the right of Pooja.

3) Tanya is an immediate neighbour of both Sonika and Richa.

4) Farheen is an immediate neighbour of both Pooja and Richa.

Thus, according to the final arrangement, Sonika sits to the immediate left of Tanya.

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is: n³ : (n + 1)³ + 1

216 ∶ 344 → (6)³ : (6 + 1)³ + 1 → (6)³ : (7)³ + 1

27 ∶ 65 → (3)³ : (3 + 1)³ + 1 → (3)³ : (4)3 + 1

Similarly, ? ∶ 126 → (4)³ : (4 + 1)3 + 1 → (4)3 : (5)3 + 1 → 64 : 126

Hence, the correct answer is "64".

The logic followed here is: (2^nd number / 2) x 1^st number x 3 = 3^rd number

(7, 16, 168) → (16 / 2) x 7 x 3 = 8 x 21 = 168

(3, 28, 126) → (28 / 2) x 3 x 3 = 14 x 9 = 126

Lets check the options: 

1. (9, 17, 153) → (17 / 2) x 9 x 3 = 8.5 x x 27 = 229.5 2. (8, 7, 136) → (7 / 2) x 8 x 3 = 3.5 x 24 = 84 3. (11, 18, 396) → (18 / 2) x 11 x 3 = 9 x 33 = 297

4. (6, 11, 99) → (11 / 2) x 6 x 3 = 11 x 9 = 99

Hence, the correct answer is "(6, 11, 99)".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "17253".

Given : 8 * 1 * 4 * 2 * 16 * 2 * 8

According to the question, after replacing the signs:

Option 1) = × + × ÷ −

8 * 1 * 4 * 2 * 16 * 2 * 8 ⇒ 8 = 1 × 4 + 2 × 16 ÷ 2 - 8

⇒ 8 = 1 × 4 + 2 × 16 ÷ 2 - 8

⇒ 8 = 1 × 4 + 2 × 8 - 8

⇒ 8 = 4 + 16 - 8

⇒ 8 = 20 - 8

⇒ 8 ≠ 12 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 2) + − ÷ × × =

8 * 1 * 4 * 2 * 16 * 2 * 8 ⇒ 8 + 1 - 4 ÷ 2 × 16 × 2 = 8

⇒ 8 + 1 - 4 ÷ 2 × 16 × 2 = 8

⇒ 8 + 1 - 2 × 16 × 2 = 8

⇒ 8 + 1 - 64 = 8

⇒ 9 - 64 = 8

⇒-55 ≠ 8 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 3) × + × − ÷ =

8 * 1 * 4 * 2 * 16 * 2 * 8 ⇒ 8 × 1 + 4 × 2 - 16 ÷ 2 = 8

⇒ 8 × 1 + 4 × 2 - 16 ÷ 2 = 8

⇒ 8 × 1 + 4 × 2 - 8 = 8

⇒ 8 + 8 - 8 = 8

⇒ 16 - 8 = 8

⇒ 8 = 8 (LHS = RHS)

Option 4) ÷ × − + × =

8 * 1 * 4 * 2 * 16 * 2 * 8 ⇒ 8 ÷ 1 × 4 - 2 + 16 × 2 = 8

⇒ 8 ÷ 1 × 4 - 2 + 16 × 2 = 8

⇒ 8 × 4 - 2 + 16 × 2 = 8

⇒ 32 + 32 - 2 = 8

⇒ 64 - 2 = 8

⇒ 62 ≠ 8 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

Statements :

Some backpacks are bags.

All backpacks are luggage.

The least possible Venn diagram is as follows:

Conclusions :

I. Some luggage are bags. - True (because All backpacks are luggage and Some backpacks are bags so, Some luggage are bags too) 

II. Some luggage are backpacks. - True (because All backpacks are luggage so, Some luggage are backpacks too) 

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusions I and II follow".

The logic followed here is:

'ORBIT' is written as 'SHAQN'

And,

'PLANT' is written as 'SMZKO'

Similarly,

'PLUTO' is written as

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

The option figure in which the given figure (X) is embedded:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

BOAT : XESF

And,

MANY : CREQ

Similarly,

TIME : ?

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The option figure in which the given figure (X) is embedded:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

For find the opposite surface of '5', we need to compare the common surface in the given dices,

So, From Dice 1 and Dice 2,

From both dices, 4 is common and on the same surface. So, we can rotate in clockwise direction start from 4.

6 is opposite to 5.

3 is opposite to 2.

1 is opposite to 4.

So, 6 will be opposite to 5.

Hence, the correct answer is "6".

The correct mirror image of the given figure:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The option figure in which the given figure (X) is embedded:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct mirror image of the given figure:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The option figure in which the given figure (X) is embedded:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct mirror image of the given figure:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

• symbol is shifting in anticlockwise direction at the surface in each figure.

From figure 1 to 2, and figure 3 to 4:

Diagonal symbols are changing their position.

From figure 2 to 3, and figure 4 to 5:

All 4 corner symbols are shifting their position in an anticlockwise direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Inner all 4 symbols are shifting in clockwise direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Counting squares are there in the given figure:

Hence, the correct answer is "32".

Given:

\(\dfrac{\dfrac{6}{7}+\dfrac{2}{3}}{\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{3}{20}}\)

Formula used:

\(\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{d}}{\dfrac{e}{f}-\dfrac{g}{h}}\)

Calculation:

\(\dfrac{\dfrac{6}{7}+\dfrac{2}{3}}{\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{3}{20}}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{\dfrac{6 \times 3 + 2 \times 7}{7 \times 3}}{\dfrac{1 \times 20 - 3 \times 6}{6 \times 20}}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{\dfrac{18 + 14}{21}}{\dfrac{20 - 18}{120}}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{\dfrac{32}{21}}{\dfrac{2}{120}}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{32}{21} \times \dfrac{120}{2}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{32 \times 120}{21 \times 2}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{3840}{42}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{640}{7}\)

∴ The correct answer is option 1

Given:

Let votes polled for S = x

Votes polled for R = x + ¹/₄x

Total votes = R + S = x + x + ¹/₄x

Formula used:

Percentage votes for R = \(\frac{\text{Votes polled for R}}{\text{Total votes}} \times 100\)

Calculation:

Total votes = x + x + ¹/₄x = ⁹/₄x

Votes for R = x + ¹/₄x = ⁵/₄x

⇒ Percentage votes for R = \(\frac{\frac{5}{4}x}{\frac{9}{4}x} \times 100\)

⇒ \(\frac{5}{9} \times 100\)

⇒ 55.56%

∴ The percentage of votes polled in favour of R is 55.56%.

Given:

There are four prime numbers written in ascending order. The product of the first three is 30 and that of the last three is 165.

Formula used:

Let the four prime numbers be p₁, p₂, p₃, and p₄ in ascending order.

Given:

p₁ × p₂ × p₃ = 30

p₂ × p₃ × p₄ = 165

Calculation:

Prime factors of 30: 2, 3, 5

Prime factors of 165: 3, 5, 11

From the given product equations:

p₁ = 2

p₂ = 3

p₃ = 5

p₄ = 11

⇒ The last number is 11

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Given:

The cost of an item increased to ₹250 from ₹225.

Formula used:

Percentage Increase = \(\dfrac{(New Value - Old Value)}{Old Value} \times 100\)

Calculation:

Percentage Increase = \(\dfrac{(250 - 225)}{225} \times 100\)

⇒ Percentage Increase = \(\dfrac{25}{225} \times 100\)

⇒ Percentage Increase = \(\dfrac{25 \times 100}{225}\)

⇒ Percentage Increase = 11.11%

∴ The correct answer is option 1.

Given:

Discount = 10%

Selling Price (SP) = ₹6,750

Formula used:

SP = Marked Price (MP) - Discount

Discount = MP × (Discount%)

Calculation:

Let the Marked Price be MP.

Since the selling price is 90% of the marked price (100% - 10%):

⇒ 6750 = MP × 90/100

⇒ MP = 6750 × 100/90

⇒ MP = 7500

Discount = MP - SP

⇒ Discount = 7500 - 6750

⇒ Discount = ₹750

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Given:

A can complete the work in 16 days.

B can complete the work in 26 days.

Formula used:

Work done by A and B together in 1 day = (1/A's days) + (1/B's days)

Total days required = 1 / (Work done in 1 day)

Calculation:

Work done by A in 1 day = 1/16

Work done by B in 1 day = 1/26

Work done by A and B together in 1 day = (1/16) + (1/26)

⇒ (26 + 16) / (16 × 26)

⇒  42 / 416

⇒ 21 / 208

Total days required = 1 / (21 / 208) = 208 / 21

⇒  9 (19/21) days

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3: 9 \(\frac{19}{21}\)

Given:

If the average of 10 numbers is 625 and the average of 25 numbers is 100

Formula used:

Average = Total Sum / Total Count

Calculation:

Total Sum of 10 numbers = 10 × 625

Total Sum of 25 numbers = 25 × 100

Total Sum of 35 numbers = (10 × 625) + (25 × 100)

⇒ Total Sum of 35 numbers = 6250 + 2500

⇒ Total Sum of 35 numbers = 8750

Average of 35 numbers = Total Sum of 35 numbers / 35

⇒ Average of 35 numbers = 8750 / 35

⇒ Average of 35 numbers = 250

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

Principal (P): Unknown

Amount after 3 years: ₹1,725

Amount after 5 years: ₹1,875

Time difference: 5 - 3 = 2 years

Calculation:

Step 1: Find the simple interest for 2 years

Simple Interest for 2 years = 1,875 - 1,725 = ₹150

Step 2: Find the simple interest for 1 year

Simple Interest for 1 year = 150 ÷ 2 = ₹75

Step 3: Find the total interest for 3 years

Simple Interest for 3 years = 75 × 3 = ₹225

Step 4: Find the principal amount

Principal (P) = 1,725 - 225 = ₹1,500

Step 5: Calculate the rate of interest

Using the formula for simple interest:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Substitute the values:

225 = (1,500 × R × 3) ÷ 100

225 = 45R

R = 225 ÷ 45 = 5%

Final Answer:

The rate of interest per annum is 5%.

Given:

Compound amount for 2 years = ₹12,260

Compound amount for 3 years = ₹12,873

Formula used:

Compound interest: A = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ, where:

A = Amount after time n years

P = Principal

r = Rate of interest

Calculations:

Calculate the ratio of amounts for consecutive years:

A₃ / A₂ = 12,873 / 12,260

Simplify:

A₃ / A₂ = 1 + r/100

12,873 / 12,260 ≈ 1.05

Thus, 1 + r/100 = 1.05.

Find the rate of interest:

r/100 = 1.05 - 1 = 0.05

r = 0.05 × 100 = 5%

Final Answer:

The rate of interest is 5% per annum.

Given:

A football can occupy 36π cm³ of air.

Formula used:

Volume of a sphere (V) = (4/3)πr³

Where, r = radius

Calculation:

36π = (4/3)πr³

⇒ 36 = (4/3)r³

⇒ 36 × (3/4) = r³

⇒ 27 = r³

⇒ r = 3

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

Distance between A and B = 100 km

Speed of Train A = 20 km/h

Speed of Train B = 25 km/h

Train A starts at 7 A.M.

Train B starts at 8 A.M.

Formula used:

Relative speed when two trains are moving towards each other = Speed of Train A + Speed of Train B

Time taken to meet = Distance / Relative Speed

Calculation:

Relative speed = 20 km/h + 25 km/h = 45 km/h

Train A travels 1 hour before Train B starts, so distance covered by Train A in 1 hour = 20 km

Remaining distance = 100 km - 20 km = 80 km

Time taken to cover remaining distance at relative speed = 80 km / 45 km/h

⇒ Time = 80 / 45 hours

⇒ Time = 1.78 hours

Convert 1.78 hours into hours and minutes:

1.78 hours = 1 hour + (0.78 × 60) minutes ≈ 1 hour 47 minutes

⇒ Time ≈ 1 hour 47 minutes

Train B starts at 8 A.M., so they will meet at 8 A.M. + 1 hour 47 minutes

⇒ Meeting time = 9:47 A.M.

∴ The correct answer is option 4.

Shortcut Trick

Identify the triplet: The sides 6, 8, and 10 follow the ratio 3 : 4 : 5.

Since 3² + 4² = 5², the triangle is right-angled.

Area = (1/2) × Base × Height

Area = (1/2) × 6 × 8 = 24 cm².

∴ The correct answer is 24 cm².

Alternate Method

Given: Sides of the triangle are a = 6 cm, b = 8 cm, c = 10 cm.

Formula Used: Heron's Formula, Area = √(s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)), where s = (a + b + c) ÷ 2.

6 cm 8 cm 10 cm Right-Angled Triangle

⇒ Semi-perimeter (s) = (6 + 8 + 10) ÷ 2

⇒ s = 24 ÷ 2 = 12 cm

⇒ Area = √(12 × (12−6) × (12−8) × (12−10))

⇒ Area = √(12 × 6 × 4 × 2)

⇒ Area = √576

⇒ Area = 24 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 24 cm².

Additional Information

Pythagorean Triplets

A set of three positive integers a, b, and c, such that a² + b² = c². Common examples include (3, 4, 5), (5, 12, 13), and (8, 15, 17).

Equilateral Triangle Area

The area of a triangle with all sides equal (a) is calculated as (√3 ÷ 4) × a².

Semi-perimeter Property

The semi-perimeter (s) is always greater than any single side of the triangle (s > a, s > b, s > c).

Shortcut Trick Observe the antecedent (first term) and consequent (second term) of each given ratio. Only in the ratio 6 : 5 is the antecedent strictly greater than the consequent. This means 6 : 5 evaluates to a value greater than 1, while all other given ratios (3 : 5, 4 : 5, 7 : 10) are proper fractions less than 1. Thus, without any complex calculation, we can determine the largest value. ∴ The correct answer is 6 : 5.

Alternate Method Given: Four ratios: 3 : 5, 6 : 5, 4 : 5, and 7 : 10

Method Used: Convert each ratio into its equivalent decimal value by dividing the first term by the second term.

Calculations: ⇒ 3 : 5 = 3 ÷ 5 = 0.6 ⇒ 6 : 5 = 6 ÷ 5 = 1.2 ⇒ 4 : 5 = 4 ÷ 5 = 0.8 ⇒ 7 : 10 = 7 ÷ 10 = 0.7 ⇒ Comparing the calculated decimal values: 1.2 > 0.8 > 0.7 > 0.6 ⇒ The largest decimal value is 1.2, which directly corresponds to the ratio 6 : 5. ∴ The correct answer is 6 : 5.

Additional Information Comparing by Denominator Equalization (LCM Method) Fractions can be rapidly compared by equating their denominators. The LCM of 5 and 10 is 10. Expanding the given ratios yields 6/10, 12/10, 8/10, and 7/10. Comparing numerators: 12 > 8 > 7 > 6, confirming 6 : 5 is the maximum.

Proper vs Improper Ratios A ratio a : b where a < b behaves like a proper fraction (less than 1). When a > b, it forms an improper fraction (greater than 1). Spotting this visually saves valuable examination time.

Percentage Conversion Technique Converting ratios to percentages using Base × 100 provides a simple uniform scale. Applying this gives 60%, 120%, 80%, and 70%. Comparing whole integers helps to eliminate decimal point calculation errors.

Given: