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CTET Paper II (Math & Science) (FEB 2026) — FEB-PAPER-2-J-2026-6ec91cad (Previous Year Paper)

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Paper last updated: 12 November 2026

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Child Development & Pedagogy (30 questions)

Question 1

Assertion (A) : If physical development of children is delayed then their social and emotional development gets affected. Reason (R) : There is developmental continuity in the course of children's development. Choose the correct option :

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
COption (c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Why this answer is correct

Development is interconnected across domains. Continuity means delay in one area (physical) impacts others (social-emotional), making R the correct explanation of A.

Question 2

According to Jean Piaget, cognitive development :

AOption (a)
is simple addition of new facts and ideas to the existing store of information.
BOption (b)
is dependent upon the development of language capabilities.
COption (c)
is the process of acquiring the ability to use cultural tools.
DOption (d)
is the process of adaption to the environment by changing one's schemas.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

is the process of adaption to the environment by changing one's schemas.

Why this answer is correct

Piaget defined cognitive development as adaptation to the environment through assimilation and accommodation, which involves changing one's schemas.

Question 3

Assertion (A) : Teachers should avoid collaborations, group work and interactions among students. Reason (R) : Learning is a passive process and occurs most effectively through memorization and imitation. Choose the correct option :

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
COption (c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why this answer is correct

Both statements are false. Teachers should encourage collaboration, and learning is an active, constructive process, not passive memorization.

Question 4

Rapid increase in height and weight during adolescence that usually precedes sexual maturity is referred to as :

AOption (a)
Growth spurt
BOption (b)
Developmental trend
COption (c)
Menstruation
DOption (d)
Pubescence

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Growth spurt

Why this answer is correct

The rapid increase in height and weight during adolescence is known as the adolescent growth spurt.

Question 5

Assertion (A) : When talking about differences, expressions that put the person ahead of the difference should be used such as using 'the student with disabilities' rather than 'the disabled student'. Reason (R) : The language we use when talking about learners with differing needs shapes the perspective and attitudes. Choose the correct option :

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
COption (c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Why this answer is correct

Both are true. Using person-first language shapes positive perspectives, making R the correct explanation for the practice stated in A.

Question 6

Assertion (A) : Children in middle schools should be encouraged to write about their emotions on a daily/weekly basis and reflect upon them. Reason (R) : Understanding one's emotions is a cognitive process that can lead to action. Choose the correct option :

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
COption (c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Why this answer is correct

Writing and reflecting on emotions develops emotional understanding, a cognitive process that guides actions, making (R) the correct explanation of (A).

Question 7

Which of the following is not an effective strategy in problem-solving ?

AOption (a)
Recognizing patterns and relationships
BOption (b)
Using logical reasoning to solve problems
COption (c)
Overlooking relevant information
DOption (d)
Breaking down complex problems into simpler parts

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Overlooking relevant information

Why this answer is correct

Overlooking relevant information hinders problem-solving. Recognizing patterns, logical reasoning, and breaking down problems are all effective strategies.

Question 8

According to Piaget when children reach the point of being able to generalize and engage in mental trial and error by thinking up hypothesis and testing them in their heads they are in :

AOption (a)
Sensorimotor stage
BOption (b)
Pre-operational stage
COption (c)
Concrete operational stage
DOption (d)
Formal operational stage

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Formal operational stage

Why this answer is correct

Hypothetical thinking and mental trial and error characterize Piaget's formal operational stage, typically developing from age 11 onwards.

Question 9

Students learn efficiently and in meaningful ways when :

AOption (a)
content is presented to them in the form of incoherent pieces of information.
BOption (b)
focus is on avoiding failure instead of approaching mastery.
COption (c)
new concept is completely different from previously learned material.
DOption (d)
their responses and subjective experiences are attended and valued.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

their responses and subjective experiences are attended and valued.

Why this answer is correct

Learning is meaningful when students' responses and subjective experiences are valued, fostering connection and engagement with the material.

Question 10

According to Lawrence Kohlberg around which ethics do very young children's moral reasoning revolve ?

AOption (a)
Ethics of egocentricism
BOption (b)
Ethics of care
COption (c)
Ethics of perspectives of others
DOption (d)
Ethics of laws

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Ethics of egocentricism

Why this answer is correct

Kohlberg's theory states very young children's moral reasoning revolves around egocentric ethics, focusing on obedience and avoiding punishment.

Question 11

Assertion (A) : Diversity and inclusion improve teaching and learning. Reason (R) : Engaging in conversations across differences hinders children's ability to think critically and creatively. Choose the correct option :

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
COption (c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(A) is true but (R) is false.

Why this answer is correct

Assertion (A) is true as diversity enriches learning. Reason (R) is false because engaging across differences fosters, not hinders, critical and creative thinking.

Question 12

Which of the following are effective teaching strategies to cater to diverse needs of learners in a classroom ?
(a) Differentiated Instruction
(b) Standardized Curriculum
(c) Individualized Education Plans

AOption (a)
(a), (b)
BOption (b)
(b), (c)
COption (c)
(a), (c)
DOption (d)
(a), (b), (c)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a), (c)

Why this answer is correct

Differentiated instruction and individualized education plans cater to diverse needs. A standardized curriculum does not address individual learner differences.

Question 13

According to constructivist theorists :

AOption (a)
Children have a natural tendency to 'make sense' of the world.
BOption (b)
Children learn only when extrinsically motivated.
COption (c)
Children learn best when information is presented to them in a final form.
DOption (d)
Children have a tendency to behave in unruly ways that needs to be corrected.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Children have a natural tendency to 'make sense' of the world.

Why this answer is correct

Constructivist theorists believe children actively construct knowledge by trying to make sense of the world around them.

Question 14

Two commonly used strategies for effective problem-solving are :

AOption (a)
Heuristics and algorithms
BOption (b)
Heuristics and functional fixedness
COption (c)
Algorithms and response set
DOption (d)
Heuristics and response set

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Heuristics and algorithms

Why this answer is correct

Heuristics (mental shortcuts) and algorithms (step-by-step procedures) are two common strategies for effective problem-solving.

Question 15

A teacher is designing a lesson plan for a group of students with varying levels of understanding of a topic. According to Vygotsky's theory, which of the following should the teacher consider when designing the lesson ?

AOption (a)
The teacher should ask each student to work individually on the specified problem.
BOption (b)
The teacher should provide all students with the same level of challenge.
COption (c)
The teacher should consider each student's current level of understanding and provide appropriate support to help them to reach the next level.
DOption (d)
The teacher should only focus on the students who are already at an advanced level of understanding and provide them with more challenging work.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

The teacher should consider each student's current level of understanding and provide appropriate support to help them to reach the next level.

Why this answer is correct

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes considering a student's current understanding and providing scaffolding to reach the zone of proximal development.

Question 16

Characteristics such as 'lacking reading fluency', 'reversion of words', 'tendency towards distraction' are typical identifying characteristics of :

AOption (a)
Dyslexia
BOption (b)
Autism Spectrum Disorder
COption (c)
Dementia
DOption (d)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Dyslexia

Why this answer is correct

Lacking reading fluency, word reversals, and distractibility are hallmark indicators of dyslexia, a specific learning disability affecting reading.

Question 17

Students feel more motivated to learn in an environment which ensures :
(a) Belongingness
(b) Fear
(c) Rejection
(d) Safety

AOption (a)
(a), (b)
BOption (b)
(a), (d)
COption (c)
(b), (c)
DOption (d)
(b), (d)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a), (d)

Why this answer is correct

A sense of belongingness and safety fulfills basic psychological needs, creating a secure environment that enhances intrinsic motivation to learn.

Question 18

Moving from conservative education towards progressive education requires shift from .

AOption (a)
formative evaluation to diagnostic evaluation
BOption (b)
integrated curriculum to standardized curriculum
COption (c)
performance-oriented goals to mastery-oriented goals
DOption (d)
teacher-centered pedagogy to exam-centered pedagogy

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

performance-oriented goals to mastery-oriented goals

Why this answer is correct

Progressive education emphasizes learning for understanding, shifting focus from performance-oriented goals to mastery-oriented goals for deeper comprehension.

Question 19

When learning new information, which of the following is a helpful strategy for children to use to ensure they understand the content material ?
(a) Rereading the information once
(b) Asking questions and seeking clarification
(c) Pretending to understand
(d) Making up their own meanings for unfamiliar terms

AOption (a)
(a), (b)
BOption (b)
(a), (c)
COption (c)
(c), (d)
DOption (d)
(a), (b), (c)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a), (b)

Why this answer is correct

Rereading reinforces memory, while asking questions clarifies doubts. These active strategies ensure genuine understanding of new content.

Question 20

A teacher should create a classroom culture where students' motivation to learn is primarily focused to :

AOption (a)
avoid shame of appearing ignorant.
BOption (b)
compete with each other.
COption (c)
understand and appreciate the process of learning.
DOption (d)
prove their worth to others.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

understand and appreciate the process of learning.

Why this answer is correct

A learning-focused culture prioritizes intrinsic motivation, where students value understanding and the learning process itself over external validation.

Question 21

Assertion (A) : Male characters in stories and books are often presented as strong and adventurous while female characters are shown as warm and sensitive. Reason (R) : Schools and curriculum influence gender-role identity as they are powerful agents of secondary socialization. Choose the correct option :

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
COption (c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Why this answer is correct

Both statements are true, but (R) explains how schools socialize gender roles generally, not why stories portray specific stereotypes.

Question 22

Assertion (A) : Children who are struggling with dyslexia have trouble in phonological processing that makes it hard to decode words. Reason (R) : All children benefit from being encouraged in their areas of interest and ability. Choose the correct option :

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
COption (c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Why this answer is correct

Both are true. (R) is a general pedagogical principle and does not explain the phonological processing deficit in dyslexia.

Question 23

What is the role of peers in the socialization process ?

AOption (a)
Peers have no major influence on socialization.
BOption (b)
Peers have a minor influence on socialization compared to parents and other adults in all stages of development.
COption (c)
Peers are the primary agents of socialization for children.
DOption (d)
Peers have a greater influence on socialization during adolescence than during early childhood.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Peers have a greater influence on socialization during adolescence than during early childhood.

Why this answer is correct

Peer influence on socialization intensifies significantly during adolescence compared to early childhood, where family influence is primary.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about learning is not correct ?

AOption (a)
Learners construct knowledge that makes sense to them.
BOption (b)
New learning depends on current understanding.
COption (c)
Social interaction hinders learning.
DOption (d)
The most meaningful learning occurs within real-world tasks.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Social interaction hinders learning.

Why this answer is correct

Social interaction is a key facilitator of learning, not a hindrance, according to socio-constructivist theories.

Question 25

As per constructivist approaches of learning, learning is facilitated when :

AOption (a)
Activities are interactive and collaborative.
BOption (b)
Content is disconnected and eccentric.
COption (c)
Pedagogy is teacher-centric and culturally indifferent.
DOption (d)
Tasks are incoherent and disorderly.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Activities are interactive and collaborative.

Why this answer is correct

Constructivism emphasizes that learning is facilitated through interactive, collaborative activities where learners actively build knowledge together.

Question 26

Assertion (A) : Though height and body build are primarily inherited characteristics, good nutrition and exercise also make a difference. Reason (R) : Heredity and environment interact in their effects on development. Choose the correct option :

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
COption (c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Why this answer is correct

Both statements are true, and (R) correctly explains why nutrition and exercise affect inherited traits like height.

Question 27

In an inclusive classroom, adaptations should be made in :
(a) Learning goals
(b) Teaching-learning strategies
(c) Provisioning of support
(d) Assessment

AOption (a)
(a), (b), (d)
BOption (b)
(a), (c), (d)
COption (c)
(b), (c), (d)
DOption (d)
(a), (b), (c), (d)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a), (b), (c), (d)

Why this answer is correct

Inclusive classrooms require adaptations in learning goals, teaching strategies, support provisioning, and assessment to meet diverse needs.

Question 28

Which of the following does not come under the category of sensory impairments ?

AOption (a)
colour blindness
BOption (b)
dysgraphia
COption (c)
hard of hearing
DOption (d)
partial loss of vision

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

dysgraphia

Why this answer is correct

Dysgraphia is a learning disability affecting writing, not a sensory impairment like vision or hearing loss.

Question 29

National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes on transforming assessment by :

AOption (a)
devaluing socio-cultural context of students
BOption (b)
executing summative form of assessment
COption (c)
incorporating self-assessment and peer-assessment
DOption (d)
practicing unitary notion of intelligence

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

incorporating self-assessment and peer-assessment

Why this answer is correct

NEP 2020 promotes transforming assessment by incorporating self-assessment and peer-assessment for holistic development.

Question 30

Following Lev Vygotsky's ideas, a teacher decided to give hints and cues to the students who were stuck on a given problem and let the students try to solve that problem again. By doing so, teacher is practicing the concept of .

AOption (a)
Assimilation
BOption (b)
Collective monologue
COption (c)
Functional Fixedness
DOption (d)
Scaffolding

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Scaffolding

Why this answer is correct

Providing hints and cues to help students solve problems independently is the concept of scaffolding.

Mathematics & Science (60 questions)

Question 31

The product of two rational numbers is -1. If one of them is -2, and the reciprocal of the other is x, then what is the value of 8x + 2 ?

AOption (a)
\(\frac{1}{2}\)
BOption (b)
\(\frac{3}{4}\)
COption (c)
\(\frac{31}{2}\)
DOption (d)
\(\frac{3}{4}\)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

\(\frac{3}{4}\)

Why this answer is correct

The other number is (40/3)/(-5/2) = -16/3. Its reciprocal x = -3/16. Then (1/4)x + 8 1/2 = (1/4)(-3/16) + 17/2 = -3/64 + 544/64 = 541/64 = 8 29/64. None of the options match this result. Re-evaluating: Product is -40/3. One number is -5/2. Other number = (-40/3) / (-5/2) = 16/3. Reciprocal x = 3/16. Then (1/4)x + 8 1/2 = 3/64 + 17/2 = 3/64 + 544/64 = 547/64 = 8 35/64. Still no match. Assuming the expression is (1/4)x + 8 1/2, the calculation yields 547/64. However, option D is 3 3/4. If the expression is (1/4)x + 8 1/2, it's 8.54. If it's (1/4)(x + 8 1/2), it's (1/4)(3/16 + 17/2) = (1/4)(3/16 + 136/16) = 139/64 = 2 11/64. No match. Given the options, the intended answer is likely 3 3/4.

Question 32

One of the factors of \(4x^2 + 9y^2 + 12xy - 5(2x +3y) - 14\) is :

AOption (a)
2x + 3y + 14
BOption (b)
2x + 3y - 2
COption (c)
2x + 3y - 7
DOption (d)
2x + 3y + 7

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

2x + 3y - 7

Why this answer is correct

Rewrite as (2x+3y)^2 - 5(2x+3y) - 14. Let z=2x+3y. Factor z^2-5z-14 = (z-7)(z+2). So factors are (2x+3y-7) and (2x+3y+2).

Question 33

Tests which provide information about the relative performance of members of a specific group of students are called :

AOption (a)
Norm referenced tests
BOption (b)
Criterion referenced tests
COption (c)
Achievement tests
DOption (d)
Diagnostic tests

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Norm referenced tests

Why this answer is correct

Norm-referenced tests compare a student's performance against a group average, providing relative standing.

Question 34

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true ?
(a) A number never exceeds its square.
(b) All negative numbers exceeds their cubes.
(c) A number never exceeds its cube.
(d) The square root of a prime number is not a rational number.

AOption (a)
(a) and (b)
BOption (b)
(b) and (c)
COption (c)
(b) only
DOption (d)
(d) only

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(d) only

Why this answer is correct

The square root of a prime number is irrational. (a) false (e.g., 0.5^2=0.25), (b) false (e.g., -1^3=-1), (c) false (e.g., 0.5^3=0.125).

Question 35

A and D are two points lying on the same side of line segment BC, such that AB = 5 cm, AC = 8 cm, BC = 4 cm, BD = 8 cm and CD = 5 cm. Then,

AOption (a)
△ABC = △DBC, by SAS
BOption (b)
△ABC = △DCB, by SAS
COption (c)
△ABC = △DBC, by SSS
DOption (d)
△ABC = △DCB, by SSS

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

△ABC = △DCB, by SSS

Why this answer is correct

In triangles ABC and DCB, AB=CD=5, AC=BD=8, BC=CB=4. All three sides match, so SSS congruence holds.

Question 36

Which of the following statements related to project method in teaching of mathematics are correct ?
(a) It is a method based on learning by doing.
(b) It is a method in which the role of the learner is minimum.
(c) It is a method which turns the learners into a discoverer.
(d) It is always based on deduction. Choose the correct option :

AOption (a)
(a) and (b)
BOption (b)
(b) and (c)
COption (c)
(c) and (d)
DOption (d)
(a) and (c)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a) and (c)

Why this answer is correct

Project method emphasizes learning by doing and turns learners into discoverers. It maximizes learner involvement and is inductive, not deductive.

Question 37

Which of the following problems is inter-disciplinary in nature ?

AOption (a)
Draw the mirror image of a given figure.
BOption (b)
How many lines of symmetry are there in a given figure.
COption (c)
Write your name and draw the lines of symmetry in each alphabet wherever possible.
DOption (d)
Draw the lines of symmetry in a given geometrical figure.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Write your name and draw the lines of symmetry in each alphabet wherever possible.

Why this answer is correct

Writing one's name and finding symmetry in alphabets integrates language and mathematics, making it interdisciplinary.

Question 38

Which of the following number is not divisible by 72 ?

AOption (a)
95112
BOption (b)
95142
COption (c)
88848
DOption (d)
88704

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

95142

Why this answer is correct

A number divisible by 72 must be divisible by 8 and 9. 95142 fails the divisibility test for 8.

Question 39

Which of the following is an effective teaching-learning material to introduce basic concepts such as shapes, perimeter, area and characteristics of polygons ?

AOption (a)
Geoboard
BOption (b)
Hanoi Tower
COption (c)
Cuisenaire rods
DOption (d)
Tangrams

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Geoboard

Why this answer is correct

A geoboard is specifically designed to explore shapes, perimeter, area, and polygon characteristics through hands-on construction.

Question 40

If \(a + b = \frac{17}{6}\) and \(ab = 2\), then what is the value of \((a - b)\), where \(a > b\) ?

AOption (a)
\(\frac{1}{3}\)
BOption (b)
\(\frac{3}{6}\)
COption (c)
\(\frac{1}{12}\)
DOption (d)
\(\frac{3}{2}\)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

\(\frac{1}{12}\)

Why this answer is correct

Using (a-b)² = (a+b)² - 4ab = (17/6)² - 8 = 289/36 - 288/36 = 1/36. Thus a-b = 1/6.

Question 41

Which among the following is/ are the purpose of formative assessment ?
(a) Making assessment a part of teaching.
(b) Ranking and placement of children.
(c) Providing feedback to the children. Choose the correct option :

AOption (a)
(a) and (b)
BOption (b)
(b) and (c)
COption (c)
Only (c)
DOption (d)
(a) and (c)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a) and (c)

Why this answer is correct

Formative assessment integrates assessment into teaching and provides feedback. Ranking is a purpose of summative assessment.

Question 42

A pie chart is constructed for the following data :

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June
Number of computers sold	500	700	840	750	890	820

What will be the difference between the central angles of the sectors representing the number of computers sold in March and January ?

AOption (a)
27.2º
BOption (b)
28º
COption (c)
28.8º
DOption (d)
29º

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

27.2º

Why this answer is correct

Total computers = 4500. March angle = (840/4500)*360 = 67.2°. January angle = (500/4500)*360 = 40°. Difference = 27.2°.

Question 43

A swimming pool is 20 m in length, 15 m in breadth and 4 m in depth. What is the cost of plastering its floor and walls at ₹ 42 per m² ?

AOption (a)
₹ 24,276
BOption (b)
₹ 24,360
COption (c)
₹ 24,780
DOption (d)
₹ 25,200

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

₹ 24,360

Why this answer is correct

Area of floor = 2015 = 300 m². Area of walls = 2(20+15)4 = 280 m². Total area = 580 m². Cost = 58042 = 24360.

Question 44

"Developing an understanding about patterns is considered essential for teaching algebra". Which of the following represents correct reason for the given statement ?

AOption (a)
Patterns are comparatively easier
BOption (b)
Patterns have a lot of real-life application unlike algebra
COption (c)
Patterns are associated with generalization
DOption (d)
Making patterns enhances creative mindset

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Patterns are associated with generalization

Why this answer is correct

Patterns help students recognize relationships and make generalizations, which is the core of algebraic thinking.

Question 45

Rajiv invested a sum of ₹ 7,000 at 20% p.a. for 1½ years, compounded half yearly, and his friend Amit invested a sum of ₹ 8,000 at 10% p.a. for 2 years, compounded annually. What is the difference between the interest received by Rajiv and Amit, at maturity ?

AOption (a)
₹ 637
BOption (b)
₹ 632
COption (c)
₹ 638
DOption (d)
₹ 634

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

₹ 637

Why this answer is correct

Rajiv's amount = 7000*(1.1)^3 = 9317, interest = 2317. Amit's amount = 8000*(1.1)^2 = 9680, interest = 1680. Difference = 637.

Question 46

If x, y and z are respectively the number of faces, vertices and edges of a triangular pyramid, then :

AOption (a)
\(2x + 3y - 2z = 8\)
BOption (b)
\(3x + 2y - 3z = 4\)
COption (c)
\(2x + 2z - 3y = 6\)
DOption (d)
\(3x + 3y - 2z = 6\)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

\(3x + 3y - 2z = 6\)

Why this answer is correct

Triangular pyramid has x=4 faces, y=4 vertices, z=6 edges. Substituting: 3(4)+3(4)-2(6)=12+12-12=12, not 6. Wait, check: 3x+3y-2z = 12+12-12=12. Let's re-evaluate: x=4, y=4, z=6. Option D: 3(4)+3(4)-2(6)=12+12-12=12 ≠ 6. Option A: 2(4)+3(4)-2(6)=8+12-12=8. Correct is A.

Question 47

Which among the following is the most appropriate 'Method of Proof' for proving \(\sqrt{2}\) is an irrational number ?

AOption (a)
Direct Proof
BOption (b)
Contrapositive
COption (c)
Contradiction
DOption (d)
Induction

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Contradiction

Why this answer is correct

Proof by contradiction assumes √2 is rational, then derives a contradiction, which is the standard method.

Question 48

The height of a cylinder is three times the radius of its base. If the area of the base is 616 cm², then what is the capacity (in litres) of the cylinder ? Use \(\pi = \frac{22}{7}\).

AOption (a)
12.936
BOption (b)
25.872
COption (c)
17.248
DOption (d)
34.496

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

25.872

Why this answer is correct

Base area πr²=616 => r²=196 => r=14 cm. Height h=3r=42 cm. Volume=πr²h=616*42=25872 cm³ = 25.872 litres.

Question 49

A student was asked to arrange the following numbers in descending order,
-20, -150, 0, 23, 46
The student wrote the following answer,
-150, -20, 0, 23, 46
Which of the following is most appropriate for the response of the student ?

AOption (a)
The student has written the numbers in correct order.
BOption (b)
The student has understood the concept of arranging integers but has done a mistake by arranging them in increasing order.
COption (c)
The student does not know the concept of integers.
DOption (d)
The student needs to recall the rules of addition of integers.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

The student has understood the concept of arranging integers but has done a mistake by arranging them in increasing order.

Why this answer is correct

The student arranged numbers in increasing order instead of descending, showing conceptual understanding but a directional error.

Question 50

On which numeration system the clocks are based ?

AOption (a)
Sexagesimal System
BOption (b)
Decimal System
COption (c)
Hexadecimal System
DOption (d)
Binary System

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Sexagesimal System

Why this answer is correct

Clocks use base 60 for minutes and seconds, which is the sexagesimal system.

Question 51

The perimeters of two circular fields C₁ and C₂ are 40π m and 96π m, respectively. What is the radius of the third circular field C₃ whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of C₁ and C₂ ?

AOption (a)
68 m
BOption (b)
51 m
COption (c)
52 m
DOption (d)
53 m

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

52 m

Why this answer is correct

Radii are 20 m and 48 m. Sum of areas is π(20²+48²) = π*2704. Radius of C3 is √2704 = 52 m.

Question 52

Which of the following measurements (in cm) can be the sides of a right triangle ?

AOption (a)
14, 50, 48
BOption (b)
12, 20, 18
COption (c)
16, 30, 32
DOption (d)
12, 50, 44

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

14, 50, 48

Why this answer is correct

Check Pythagorean theorem: 14² + 48² = 196 + 2304 = 2500 = 50². Others fail.

Question 53

The value of \(\dfrac{\sqrt{5043} \times \sqrt{50}}{\sqrt{32} \times \sqrt{1323}}\) is :

AOption (a)
\(\dfrac{205}{42}\)
BOption (b)
\(\dfrac{215}{84}\)
COption (c)
\(\dfrac{42}{215}\)
DOption (d)
\(\dfrac{84}{205}\)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

\(\dfrac{215}{84}\)

Why this answer is correct

Simplify: (504350)/(321323) = (168150)/(32441) = (168125)/(16441). 1681=41², 441=21². Result is (415)/(421) = 205/84.

Question 54

Renu loses 15% by selling an article A for ₹ 382.50 and gains 12% by selling article B for ₹ 616. If she sells both articles for ₹ 1,180, then her percentage gain is :

AOption (a)
16.5%
BOption (b)
17%
COption (c)
17.5%
DOption (d)
18%

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

18%

Why this answer is correct

CP of A = 382.50/0.85 = 450. CP of B = 616/1.12 = 550. Total CP = 1000. Gain% = (180/1000)*100 = 18%.

Question 55

"While teaching the concept of 'Discount on items' a teacher can plan a trip to a local market." The most appropriate reason for this is :

AOption (a)
It would provide opportunity to the students to formally learn the mathematical concepts.
BOption (b)
It would provide opportunity to students to see different advertisements related to 'sales' and to discuss with shopkeepers how to calculate it.
COption (c)
It would be a time for enjoyment for both teacher and students.
DOption (d)
It is mandatory to have such type of field trip as suggested by National Curriculum Framework 2005.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

It would provide opportunity to students to see different advertisements related to 'sales' and to discuss with shopkeepers how to calculate it.

Why this answer is correct

A market trip provides real-world context to see sales advertisements and discuss discount calculations with shopkeepers.

Question 56

If \(\dfrac{x}{y} = -\dfrac{2}{3}\), then the value of \(\dfrac{x}{y} + \dfrac{y}{x} - \dfrac{y}{x} \times \dfrac{1}{2}\) is :

AOption (a)
\(-\dfrac{145}{165}\)
BOption (b)
\(-\dfrac{265}{48}\)
COption (c)
\(\dfrac{155}{3}\)
DOption (d)
9

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

\(-\dfrac{145}{165}\)

Why this answer is correct

Solving the matrix equation gives x=3, y=2. Substituting into the expression yields 165/48.

Question 57

If (2x - 10°) and (3x - 50°) are complementary angles, then the value of (4x + 40°) is :

AOption (a)
120°
BOption (b)
150°
COption (c)
160°
DOption (d)
180°

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

160°

Why this answer is correct

Complementary angles sum to 90°. Solving (2x-10)+(3x-50)=90 gives x=30. Then 4x+40 = 160.

Question 58

In a quadrilateral ABCD, if AB ∥ DC, ∠B = 70° and AB = CD, then :

AOption (a)
∠A = 70°, ∠C = 70°
BOption (b)
∠A = 70°, ∠D = 110°
COption (c)
∠C = 70°, ∠D = 110°
DOption (d)
∠A = 110°, ∠C = 110°

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

∠A = 110°, ∠C = 110°

Why this answer is correct

Given AB||DC and AB=CD, ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid. Base angles are equal, so ∠A=110°, ∠C=110°.

Question 59

The following observations have been written in the ascending order :
28, 31, 47, 51, a, a + 3, 71, 74, 78, 90
If the median of the data is 61.5, then the mean of the data is :

AOption (a)
58.1
BOption (b)
58.4
COption (c)
59.2
DOption (d)
59.3

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

59.3

Why this answer is correct

Median of 10 terms is average of 5^th and 6^th. (a + a+3)/2 = 61.5 gives a=60. Mean of data is 59.3.

Question 60

If \(5(3x + 4) - 8(6x + 7) = 9x - 8\), then what is the value of (3x + 4) ?

AOption (a)
0
BOption (b)
1
COption (c)
2
DOption (d)
3

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

Solving 5(3x+4)-8(6x+7)=9x-8 gives x=-1/3. Substituting into (3x+4) yields 3.

Question 61

Four test tubes A, B, C and D with different liquids are taken. Test tube A contains glucose solution; test tube B contains turmeric solution, test tube C contains detergent solution and test tube D contains pure water. Which of the following will you observe when you put
(a) a piece of blue litmus paper in each test tube
(b) a piece of red litmus paper in each test tube
(c) few drops of phenolphthalein solution to each test tube

	Change in colour of blue litmus	Change in colour of red litmus	Change on addition of phenolphthalein
(i) A	Remains blue	Turns blue	Turns pink
(ii) B	Turns red	Remains red	Colourless
(iii) C	Remains blue	Turns blue	Turns pink
(iv) D	Remains blue	Turns blue	Colourless

AOption (a)
(i) and (ii) are correct.
BOption (b)
(ii) and (iii) are correct.
COption (c)
(i) and (iii) are correct.
DOption (d)
(ii) and (iv) are correct.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(ii) and (iv) are correct.

Why this answer is correct

Glucose is neutral (no change), turmeric is natural indicator (not listed), detergent is basic (turns red litmus blue, phenolphthalein pink), water is neutral.

Only (ii) and (iv) match.

Question 62

Sample of 4 metals A, B, C and D were added to the following solutions separately. The results observed are shown below. What is the order of reactivities of these metals ?

Metal	FeSO4	CuSO4	ZnSO4
A	No change	a green deposit	-
B	a grey deposit	a brown deposit	No change
C	-	No change	-
D	a brown deposit	-	A white coating on metal

AOption (a)
C < A < B < D
BOption (b)
A < C < B < D
COption (c)
D < B < A < C
DOption (d)
C < A < D < B

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

C < A < B < D

Why this answer is correct

A displaces Cu (A>Cu). B displaces Fe and Cu (B>Fe>Cu). C shows no reaction (least reactive). D displaces Fe and Zn (D>Zn>Fe). Order: C < A < B < D.

Question 63

Which of the following will NOT contribute to professional development of science teachers ?
(a) Cultivation of hobbies in areas related to science such as robotics and electronics.
(b) Regular meetings with teachers from neighbouring schools.
(c) Regular reading of science content given in science textbooks.
(d) Visits to planetariums, industries and science museums.

AOption (a)
(a) only
BOption (b)
(b) only
COption (c)
(c) only
DOption (d)
(d) only

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

Reading only textbook content maintains current knowledge but does not expand professional skills or expose teachers to new developments.

Question 64

Match the hormones given in Column A with their deficiency disease given in Column B.

Column A
(a) Adrenal hormone
(b) Growth hormone
(c) Thyroxine
(d) Insulin

Column B
(i) Dwarfism
(ii) Goitre
(iii) Diabetes
(iv) Salt imbalance

AOption (a)
(a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
BOption (b)
(a)-(i), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
COption (c)
(a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
DOption (d)
(a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)

Why this answer is correct

Adrenal hormone deficiency causes salt imbalance; Growth hormone causes dwarfism; Thyroxine causes goitre; Insulin causes diabetes.

Question 65

Which of the following cannot be separated by Crystallization ?

AOption (a)
Harvesting salt from impure sample
BOption (b)
Separation of Alum from impure sample
COption (c)
Mixture of Zinc chloride and Lead (II) chloride
DOption (d)
Solution of methyl alcohol and potassium permanganate

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Solution of methyl alcohol and potassium permanganate

Why this answer is correct

Crystallization separates solids based on solubility differences. Methyl alcohol and potassium permanganate form a homogeneous liquid-solid solution unsuitable for crystallization.

Question 66

A teacher is doing an activity on density. Students observe that a steel spoon sinks in water but a steel bowl floats. She asks students, 'why do you think the bowl did not sink ? What will make it sink ?' Which of the following process skills is the teacher trying to develop among her learners ?

AOption (a)
Hypothesizing
BOption (b)
Observing
COption (c)
Experimenting
DOption (d)
Inferring

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Hypothesizing

Why this answer is correct

The teacher asks students to predict why the bowl floats and what would make it sink, which is forming a hypothesis.

Question 67

Read the excerpt given below and answer the question.

French scientist Henri Becquerel was working on phosphorescent materials, which glow in the dark after exposure to light. He believed that sunlight was the reason that the crystal would burn its image on a photographic plate. On a stormy day in 1896, he decided to leave it for few days and resume his experiments later. A few days later, he took his crystal out of a darkened drawer. He noticed that the image burned on the plate was 'fogged' which meant that the crystal had still emitted rays, despite the lack of sunlight.

What does the above excerpt illustrate about science ?

AOption (a)
Scientific discovery can be serendipitous.
BOption (b)
Science is a solitary pursuit.
COption (c)
Scientific knowledge is tentative.
DOption (d)
Science is procedural more than creative.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Scientific discovery can be serendipitous.

Why this answer is correct

Becquerel discovered radioactivity accidentally while studying phosphorescent materials, illustrating a serendipitous scientific discovery.

Question 68

Sana and Priya measure their body temperature using thermometers. Sana recorded her body temperature to be 98.6°F while Priya recorded hers to be 38.4°C.

Which of the following statement is true ?

AOption (a)
Body temperature of Sana is more than that of Priya.
BOption (b)
Body temperature of Priya is more than that of Sana.
COption (c)
Both Sana and Priya have same body temperature.
DOption (d)
Both Sana and Priya are suffering from fever.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Body temperature of Priya is more than that of Sana.

Why this answer is correct

38.4°C equals about 101.1°F, which is higher than 98.6°F. Therefore, Priya's temperature is more than Sana's.

Question 69

Which of the following attributes would you associate with 'Scientific temper' ?

(A) Perseverance in carrying out scientific investigations.
(B) Creativity in coming up with big problems to be investigated and breaking them down into smaller 'solvable' parts.
(C) Scepticism towards non-scientific beliefs.
(D) Commitment towards cultural preservation.

AOption (a)
(A), (B) and (D)
BOption (b)
(A), (B) and (C)
COption (c)
(A), (C) and (D)
DOption (d)
(A), (B), (C) and (D)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(A), (B) and (C)

Why this answer is correct

Scientific temper includes perseverance, creativity in problem-solving, and skepticism towards non-scientific beliefs, not cultural preservation.

Question 70

Consider the two statements S1 and S2 given below and choose the correct option.

S1 - Non-zero work has to be done on a moving particle to change its momentum.
S2 - To change momentum of a particle, a non-zero net force should act on it.

AOption (a)
S1 is true but S2 is false.
BOption (b)
S1 is false but S2 is true.
COption (c)
Both S1 and S2 are true.
DOption (d)
Both S1 and S2 are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

S1 is false but S2 is true.

Why this answer is correct

A non-zero net force (S2) changes momentum. Work done can be zero if force is perpendicular to motion, so S1 is false.

Question 71

Which of the following tasks would be least suitable for developing an understanding of the relationship of science with society among learners ?

AOption (a)
Debate on nuclear energy
BOption (b)
Group project on latest developments in science and technology
COption (c)
Concept map on sources of energy
DOption (d)
Poster competition on contribution of Indian scientists to the World

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Concept map on sources of energy

Why this answer is correct

A concept map on energy sources focuses on factual classification, not the societal interplay, debates, or human impact of science.

Question 72

The free ends of an electric circuit comprising a cell and switch are connected one by one to wires A, B, C and D. Which of these wires would produce least amount of heat ?

Wire	length (cm)	Area of Cross-section (m²)
A	10	10×10⁻8
B	10	8×10⁻8
C	12	6×10⁻8
D	5	10×10⁻8

AOption (a)
A
BOption (b)
B
COption (c)
C
DOption (d)
D

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

Heat produced is proportional to resistance (R=ρL/A). Wire D has the shortest length (5 cm) and a large area, giving it the lowest resistance and least heat.

Question 73

Read the statements given below and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A) : Small intestine is the site of complete digestion of food.
Reasoning (R) : Villi have a large surface area which helps the small intestine in absorption of food.

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct reasoning for (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct reasoning for (A).
COption (c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct reasoning for (A).

Why this answer is correct

Both statements are true, but complete digestion occurs via enzymes, not villi. Villi's large surface area is specifically for absorption, not digestion.

Question 74

While discussing about nature of Science in his class, a teacher makes the following remark - 'A scientist is open-minded'.

What does this remark highlight about scientists ?

AOption (a)
They constantly come up with new ideas.
BOption (b)
They also consider ideas which go against their own ideas.
COption (c)
They openly share their ideas with everyone.
DOption (d)
They do not agree with the views of other scientists.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

They also consider ideas which go against their own ideas.

Why this answer is correct

Open-mindedness in science means a willingness to consider evidence and ideas that challenge or contradict one's own existing beliefs.

Question 75

Match the animal with the mode of feeding.

(a) Housefly
(b) Humming bird
(c) Cockroach
(d) Infants

(i) Biting and chewing
(ii) Sucking
(iii) Sponging
(iv) Suckling

AOption (a)
(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
BOption (b)
(a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
COption (c)
(a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
DOption (d)
(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)

Why this answer is correct

Housefly sponges, hummingbird sucks nectar, cockroach bites and chews, and infants suckle milk. This matches the feeding modes correctly.

Question 76

Which of the following is a mismatched set ?

	Column (A)	Column (B)	Column (C)
(1)	Plaster of Paris	CaSO₄·1/2H₂O	Used in coating walls
(2)	Gypsum	CaSO₄·2H₂O	Used in Dentistry
(3)	Bleaching powder	CaOCl₂	Used in Laundry
(4)	Slaked lime	CaO	Used for lowering the acidity of soil

AOption (a)
(1)
BOption (b)
(2)
COption (c)
(3)
DOption (d)
(4)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(4)

Why this answer is correct

Slaked lime is Ca(OH)₂, not CaO (quicklime). The formula is mismatched with the name.

Question 77

In a science class, Mr. Sumit brought some material. It was a water bottle, a glass and thick paper sheet. He poured water in the glass and put the thick paper sheet on it. Slowly and carefully, he inverted the glass and removed his hand from there. Learners were surprised that paper had stuck on the glass and water was not coming out.

Some students said that paper had glue inside while others said it had stuck due to water inside the bottle. What, according to you, was the objective of doing this task ?

(A) Help learners to understand that experiments are the principal route to scientific knowledge.
(B) Encourage learners to construct explanations based on their observations.
(C) Encourage learners to ask questions.

AOption (a)
(A) and (B)
BOption (b)
(B) and (C)
COption (c)
(C) and (A)
DOption (d)
(A), (B) and (C)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(A), (B) and (C)

Why this answer is correct

The activity aims to show experiments lead to knowledge, encourage explanation from observation, and prompt questioning.

Question 78

Read the following statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A) : While preparing a dough for bread, baking powder is added along with yeast to facilitate fermentation.
Reasoning (R) : Baking powder acts as food for yeast.

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct reasoning for (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct reasoning for (A).
COption (c)
(A) is false but (R) is true.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why this answer is correct

Baking powder is added for faster CO₂ production, not as yeast food. Both assertion and reasoning are false.

Question 79

Read the following excerpt.

"There was a belief that all living beings on earth were created by God. However, Darwin and Wallance came up with the idea that life forms evolved on the earth from previously existing forms of life".

What does the above excerpt illustrate about the nature of Science ?

AOption (a)
Science is value neutral.
BOption (b)
Science progresses by following the scientific method.
COption (c)
Science is tentative.
DOption (d)
Science is interdisciplinary.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Science is tentative.

Why this answer is correct

The shift from a creation belief to evolution shows scientific knowledge is subject to change, illustrating its tentative nature.

Question 80

A student has an alternative conception that air contracts on heating. Which of the following strategies would you adopt to challenge this alternative conception ?

AOption (a)
Explain the difference between conduction and convection to illustrate that air is a poor conductor of heat.
BOption (b)
Ask students to do an activity which involves filling a plastic bottle to half of its capacity with very hot water, capping tightly and keeping it aside for few minutes. Ask students to note down the observations.
COption (c)
Ask students to refer to the textbook for examples from daily life where air expands on heating.
DOption (d)
Ask the students to attach a deflated balloon to the mouth of a bottle containing air and place the bottle in water bath containing boiling water and note down the observations.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Ask the students to attach a deflated balloon to the mouth of a bottle containing air and place the bottle in water bath containing boiling water and note down the observations.

Why this answer is correct

Observing a balloon inflate when the bottle is heated provides direct, contradictory evidence that air expands on heating.

Question 81

Which method of reproduction is common to fungus, moss and fern ?

AOption (a)
Budding
BOption (b)
Fragmentation
COption (c)
Spore formation
DOption (d)
Regeneration

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Spore formation

Why this answer is correct

Fungus, moss, and fern all reproduce asexually via spore formation, a common method in these non-flowering organisms.

Question 82

Identify the metals on the basis of their reaction with water.

A - reacts violently with cold water
B - reacts with steam only
C - does not react with water

AOption (a)
Potassium, Iron, Copper
BOption (b)
Sodium, Copper, Aluminium
COption (c)
Calcium, Zinc, Iron
DOption (d)
Magnesium, Aluminium, Silver

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Potassium, Iron, Copper

Why this answer is correct

Potassium reacts violently with cold water, iron reacts only with steam, and copper does not react with water at all.

Question 83

Match the organism in Column A with its action in Column B.

Column A
(a) Yeast
(b) Protozoan
(c) Bacteria
(d) Virus

Column B
(i) Causing cholera
(ii) Causing AIDS
(iii) Producing antibodies
(iv) Baking of bread
(v) Causing malaria

AOption (a)
(a)-(iv), (b)-(v), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
BOption (b)
(a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(v)
COption (c)
(a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(v)
DOption (d)
(a)-(i), (b)-(v), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a)-(iv), (b)-(v), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

Why this answer is correct

Yeast helps in bread baking, protozoan causes malaria, bacteria cause cholera, and virus causes AIDS.

Question 84

Which of the following is not done during the process of treatment of waste water ?

AOption (a)
Sludge is scraped out and skimmer removes the grease.
BOption (b)
Waste water enters a grit and sand removal tank.
COption (c)
Inorganic impurities such as nitrates and phosphates are removed by chlorination.
DOption (d)
Sand, grit and pebbles are made to settle by decreasing the speed of waste water.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Inorganic impurities such as nitrates and phosphates are removed by chlorination.

Why this answer is correct

Chlorination disinfects by killing bacteria; it does not remove inorganic impurities like nitrates and phosphates.

Question 85

Read the following and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A) : Science textbooks should include biographies of scientists.
Reasoning (R) : Narrating biographies of great scientists inspires students to learn how scientists make discoveries by following a universal scientific method.

AOption (a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct reasoning for (A).
BOption (b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct reasoning for (A).
COption (c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (R) are false.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(A) is true but (R) is false.

Why this answer is correct

Including biographies is good practice, but the reasoning is false as discoveries often don't follow a single universal scientific method.

Question 86

Which of the following statements is true regarding cyclones ?

AOption (a)
Warm air rises and low pressure is created.
BOption (b)
Cool air rises and low pressure is created.
COption (c)
Warm air rises and high pressure is created.
DOption (d)
Cool air rises and high pressure is created.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Warm air rises and low pressure is created.

Why this answer is correct

Warm air rises, creating a low-pressure area. This is the fundamental mechanism of cyclone formation.

Question 87

Read the following statements and choose the correct option.

Process A - Galvanization to prevent rusting.
Process B - Electroplating of copper.

AOption (a)
Process A is a physical change and B is a chemical change.
BOption (b)
Process A is a chemical change and B is a physical change.
COption (c)
Both the processes A and B are physical changes.
DOption (d)
Both the processes A and B are chemical changes.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Both the processes A and B are chemical changes.

Why this answer is correct

Galvanization and electroplating both involve chemical reactions (coating with zinc/copper), making them chemical changes.

Question 88

A ray of light travels from an optically denser medium to an optically rarer medium. What will be the change in the frequency of light ?

AOption (a)
Increase
BOption (b)
Decrease
COption (c)
No Change
DOption (d)
First increase and then decrease

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

No Change

Why this answer is correct

Frequency of light depends only on the source. It remains unchanged when light moves between different media.

Question 89

Choose the correct statements from the given set of statements.

(A) Clayey soil contains sand and silt.
(B) Percolation of water is faster in loamy soil than clayey soil.
(C) Sandy soil has a greater proportion of big particles.
(D) Loamy soil contains humus.

AOption (a)
(A) and (B)
BOption (b)
(B) and (C)
COption (c)
(C) and (D)
DOption (d)
(A) and (D)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(B) and (C)

Why this answer is correct

Statement B (percolation rate) and C (sandy soil particle size) are correct. Clayey soil has little sand, loamy soil contains humus.

Question 90

Which of the following parts of the solar cooker is responsible for greenhouse effect ?

AOption (a)
Mirror
BOption (b)
Outer cover of the solar cooker
COption (c)
Glass sheet
DOption (d)
Black coloured coating inside the box

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Glass sheet

Why this answer is correct

The glass sheet traps infrared radiation inside the cooker, causing the greenhouse effect by allowing sunlight in but preventing heat escape.

Language I (Hindi) (30 questions)

Question 91

'लिख' में कौन-सा प्रत्यय लगाकर सार्थक शब्द बनाया जा सकता है ?

AOption (a)
आवट
BOption (b)
आरी
COption (c)
आनी
DOption (d)
आहट

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

आरी

Why this answer is correct

The clause 'which damage the eggs of pelicans' describes the noun 'pesticides', functioning as an adjective clause.

Question 92

गद्यांश के अनुसार किताब का सबसे पहला स्वरूप कौन-सा है ?

AOption (a)
मशीन से छपी किताब।
BOption (b)
ताल के पत्तों पर लिखी किताब।
COption (c)
पपाइरस पर मशीन से छपी किताब।
DOption (d)
पपाइरस पर हाथ से लिखी किताब।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

मशीन से छपी किताब।

Why this answer is correct

The text states brown pelicans catch fish by diving on them from above.

Question 93

किन लोगों को ताल पत्तों पर चित्रकारी करने का काम दिया जाता था ?

AOption (a)
जिन्हें छपाई का काम आता था।
BOption (b)
जिन्हें ताल पत्तों की पहचान थी।
COption (c)
जिनकी चित्रकारी बहुत सुंदर थी।
DOption (d)
जिनकी लिखावट बहुत सुंदर थी।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

जिन्हें ताल पत्तों की पहचान थी।

Why this answer is correct

Pelicans beat their wings over water to push the fish towards shallow water.

Question 94

पपाइरस नाम का पौधा किस काम आता था?

AOption (a)
छपाई की मशीन बनाने के लिए।
BOption (b)
पतला कागज बनाने के लिए।
COption (c)
स्याही बनाने के लिए।
DOption (d)
वस्त्र बनाने के लिए।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

वस्त्र बनाने के लिए।

Why this answer is correct

The passage indicates pelicans usually live in colonies.

Question 95

भिन्न वाक्य की पहचान करें।

AOption (a)
किताब की कोई कल्पना नहीं होती।
BOption (b)
किताब की शुरुआत हुई ताल के पत्तों पर लिखकर उन्हें बाँधने से।
COption (c)
समस्त संसार किताबें पढ़ता है।
DOption (d)
किताबें मशीन से छपने लगीं।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

किताबें मशीन से छपने लगीं।

Why this answer is correct

The clause 'When the fish collect in the shallows' indicates the time the pelicans scoop them up.

Question 96

पतले कागजों पर किस लिपि में लिखा जाता था ?

AOption (a)
हाइरोग्लाइफ
BOption (b)
देवनागरी
COption (c)
रोमन
DOption (d)
ब्राह्मी

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

रोमन

Why this answer is correct

‘Splendid’ means impressive or beautiful; ‘magnificent’ is its closest synonym.

Question 97

सामान्यतः मनुष्य का किताब से परिचय किस अवस्था में होने लगता है?

AOption (a)
विद्यालयी शिक्षा प्रारंभ होने पर।
BOption (b)
जीवन के शुरुआती एक-दो वर्ष के बाद।
COption (c)
किशोरावस्था तक आते-आते।
DOption (d)
लगभग तीन वर्ष की अवस्था में।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

किशोरावस्था तक आते-आते।

Why this answer is correct

Webbed feet are an adaptation that makes pelicans powerful swimmers.

Question 98

कौन-सा शब्द समूह से भिन्न है ?

AOption (a)
पतले - पतले
BOption (b)
धीरे - धीरे
COption (c)
ऊँचे - ऊँचे
DOption (d)
ऊँचे - नीचे

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

ऊँचे - नीचे

Why this answer is correct

‘Retrieve’ means to get back; ‘abandon’ means to leave behind, making it the opposite.

Question 99

ताल पत्तों को किताब का स्वरूप देने के लिए कौन-से लोग लिख सकते थे ?

AOption (a)
जिनका हस्तलेखन बहुत सुंदर था।
BOption (b)
जिनके विचार बहुत सुंदर थे।
COption (c)
जिनकी चित्रकारी बहुत सुंदर थी।
DOption (d)
जिनके पास सुंदर ताल पत्र थे।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

जिनका हस्तलेखन बहुत सुंदर था।

Why this answer is correct

Baby pelicans eat from the pouch, but parents don't store fish there to eat later.

Question 100

'वसुधा' का समानार्थी है :

AOption (a)
अंबा
BOption (b)
समीर
COption (c)
सरिता
DOption (d)
धरा

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

सरिता

Why this answer is correct

The butterfly's proboscis is directly called a ‘drinking straw’ without using ‘like’ or ‘as’, making it a metaphor.

Question 101

'रत्न प्रसविनी' का क्या अर्थ है ?

AOption (a)
रत्नों को धारण करना।
BOption (b)
रत्नों का क्रय-विक्रय करना।
COption (c)
रत्नों का संरक्षण करना।
DOption (d)
रत्नों को जन्म देना।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

रत्नों को धारण करना।

Why this answer is correct

The poem lists surprises like the stream's murmur, frog's hopping, and butterfly feeding, but not the grass's softness.

Question 102

रचनाकार ने बचपन में कौन-सी फसल बोई थी?

AOption (a)
ममता की
BOption (b)
समानता की
COption (c)
धन की
DOption (d)
मानवता की

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

मानवता की

Why this answer is correct

The poem mentions burrows, ant mounds, and nests as meadow homes, but a stable is not found there.

Question 103

रचनाकार स्वयं को किस बात के लिए धिक्कार रहा है ?

AOption (a)
श्रम के महत्व की समझ न बन पाने के लिए।
BOption (b)
धरती माँ के महत्व को न समझ पाने के लिए।
COption (c)
मानवीय गुणों का आचरण न कर पाने के लिए।
DOption (d)
किसी भी तरह की फसल न बो पाने के लिए।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

मानवीय गुणों का आचरण न कर पाने के लिए।

Why this answer is correct

"Velvet grass" is a metaphor describing the grass's texture as being as soft as velvet.

Question 104

रचनाकार ने धरती माता की संतान किसे कहा है ?

AOption (a)
समस्त मानव जाति को।
BOption (b)
समस्त वनस्पति को।
COption (c)
समग्र जल राशि को।
DOption (d)
समग्र रत्न राशि को।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

समग्र जल राशि को।

Why this answer is correct

The poem states the rabbit hides in a burrow and the buttercup's purpose is to tempt a butterfly.

Question 105

'हम जैसा बोएँगे वैसा ही पाएँगें' कविता की इस पंक्ति के भाव वाले मुहावरे का चयन करें :

AOption (a)
जैसी करनी वैसी भरनी।
BOption (b)
गेहूँ के साथ घुन पिसना।
COption (c)
खून पसीना एक करना।
DOption (d)
छाती पर मूँग दलना।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

खून पसीना एक करना।

Why this answer is correct

The poem indicates you find a rabbit when it hops, as it is otherwise hidden or still.

Question 106

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा संस्थागत लेखन के अन्तर्गत नहीं आएगा?

AOption (a)
संवेदना (शोक संबंधी) टिप्पणी
BOption (b)
व्यापारिक पत्र
COption (c)
जीवन वृत्त परिचय (सी.वी.)
DOption (d)
समीक्षाएँ

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

समीक्षाएँ

Why this answer is correct

Reviews are personal critical assessments, not formal institutional documents like condolence notes, business letters, or CVs.

Question 107

भाषा अर्जन और भाषा अधिगम में सहजात परिकल्पना से क्या तात्पर्य है?

AOption (a)
यह इस विचार बिन्दु को निरस्त करती है कि सभी भाषाओं में व्याकरण है और सभी बच्चे भाषा अपने तरीकों से सीखते हैं।
BOption (b)
यह इस तथ्य में विश्वास रखती है कि सभी मनुष्य भाषा शारीरिक ड्रिल और अनुकूलन के माध्यम से सीख सकते हैं।
COption (c)
यह इस तथ्य में विश्वास रखती है कि सभी मनुष्य जन्म से ही भाषा ज्ञान रखते हैं।
DOption (d)
यह इस तथ्य में विश्वास रखती है कि भाषा आदत निर्माण के रूप में सीखी जाती है।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

यह इस तथ्य में विश्वास रखती है कि सभी मनुष्य जन्म से ही भाषा ज्ञान रखते हैं।

Why this answer is correct

The innateness hypothesis posits that humans are born with an inherent capacity for language, a universal grammar.

Question 108

'विषय अभिमुखी भाषा निवेश' किससे संबंधित है ?

AOption (a)
वह भाषा निवेश जो इस बात पर बल देता है कि भाषा का प्रयोग कैसे किया जाता है।
BOption (b)
निवेश और इसकी प्रक्रियाओं की प्रस्तुति।
COption (c)
वह भाषा निवेश जो सूचनाओं पर बल देता है।
DOption (d)
शब्दावली, उच्चारण, व्याकरण आदि।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

वह भाषा निवेश जो सूचनाओं पर बल देता है।

Why this answer is correct

Content-oriented input prioritizes the informational subject matter being communicated over the linguistic forms themselves.

Question 109

भाषा शिक्षण का कौन-सा उपागम भाषा अधिगम के लिए एक आधार (नींव) के रूप में शब्दों और शब्द समूहों की अनुशंसा करता है ?

AOption (a)
कार्य आधारित भाषा अधिगम
BOption (b)
सम्प्रेषणात्मक उपागम
COption (c)
कोश विषयक उपागम
DOption (d)
व्याकरण अनुवाद विधि

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

कोश विषयक उपागम

Why this answer is correct

The lexical approach centers on the idea that language consists of pre-fabricated chunks, collocations, and words as primary building blocks.

Question 110

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा विद्यालयी शिक्षा में बहुभाषावाद का उद्देश्य नहीं है?

AOption (a)
विद्यालय में शिक्षण अधिगम के लिए शिक्षार्थियों की भाषा का प्रयोग करना।
BOption (b)
जहाँ तक संभव हो सके भाषा तथा अधिगम के माध्यम के रूप में मातृभाषा का अधिगम।
COption (c)
त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत मातृभाषा, हिन्दी और अंग्रेजी का अधिगम।
DOption (d)
सभी बच्चे अपनी विद्यालयी शिक्षा अपनी मातृभाषा में आरंभ करते हैं और आगे जाकर बहुत सी भाषाएँ (कम से कम दो या अधिक) जोड़ते जाते हैं।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत मातृभाषा, हिन्दी और अंग्रेजी का अधिगम।

Why this answer is correct

Multilingualism aims to use all learner languages, not strictly enforcing the three-language formula of mother tongue, Hindi, and English.

Question 111

वाणी नामक विद्यार्थी किसी एक पाठ्य सामग्री का सामान्य सा परिचय (ओवर व्यू) जानने के लिए एक आलेख पढ़ती है। उसके इस पठन को किस रूप में जाना जाएगा ?

AOption (a)
निष्कर्ष निकालना (इंफ्रेन्शियल)
BOption (b)
बारीकी से पठन (स्कैनिंग)
COption (c)
सरसरी तौर पर पठन (स्किमिंग)
DOption (d)
समालोचनात्मक पठन

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

सरसरी तौर पर पठन (स्किमिंग)

Why this answer is correct

Skimming is reading quickly to get a general overview or main idea of a text.

Question 112

विद्यालय आधारित आकलन को समुन्नत करने के लिए दो उपयुक्त कथनों का चयन करें।

(a) यह शिक्षार्थी और अध्यापक दोनों में ही स्वायत्ता को समुन्नत करने में मदद करता है।
(b) यह विद्यालय को अपनी ओर से योजना बनाने के लिए संभावनाएँ जुटाता है।
(c) यह परीक्षा बोर्ड की सत्ता का हनन करता है।
(d) यह आकलन की योजना बनाने की प्रक्रिया में शिक्षार्थी को एक सक्रिय प्रतिभागी के रूप में शामिल नहीं करता है।

AOption (a)
(a) और (b)
BOption (b)
(b) और (c)
COption (c)
(c) और (d)
DOption (d)
(d) और (a)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a) और (b)

Why this answer is correct

School-based assessment promotes autonomy for learners and teachers and allows schools to plan independently.

Question 113

कौन-सा शैक्षिक दर्शन निम्नलिखित की अनुशंसा करता है?

निर्देश के पूर्व निर्धारित क्रमों के स्थान पर वास्तविक जीवन परिवेश या केस आधारित अधिगम का प्रयोग अधिगम परिवेश के रूप में।

AOption (a)
प्राकृतवाद (नेटीविज़्म)
BOption (b)
रचनावाद
COption (c)
श्रृव्य भाषावाद
DOption (d)
संज्ञानवाद

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

रचनावाद

Why this answer is correct

Constructivism emphasizes learning through real-world settings and case-based learning rather than predetermined instruction.

Question 114

कक्षा छह का शिक्षार्थी राहुल व्याकरण के नए नियम सीखते समय अपने पहले से सीखे गए से जुड़ाव बना पाता है। कौन-सी युक्ति इसके अन्तर्गत आएगी ?

AOption (a)
खोजबीन संबंधी युक्तियाँ
BOption (b)
संज्ञानात्मक युक्तियाँ
COption (c)
अधिसंज्ञानात्मक युक्तियाँ
DOption (d)
संज्ञानात्मक और अधिसंज्ञानात्मक दोनों प्रकार की युक्तियाँ

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

संज्ञानात्मक युक्तियाँ

Why this answer is correct

Connecting new learning to prior knowledge is a cognitive strategy involving mental processing of information.

Question 115

कक्षा सात की अध्यापक सात वाक्यों वाली एक संक्षिप्त पाठ्य सामग्री पढ़ती है। तत्पश्चात् वह अपने शिक्षार्थियों को सावधानीपूर्वक सुनने और इसके जैसी अर्थ देने वाली मगर बिलकुल ऐसी नहीं पाठ्य सामग्री पुनः सृजित करने के लिए कहती है। इस युक्ति को क्या कहा जाएगा ?

AOption (a)
स्कीमा सृजन
BOption (b)
शीर्ष अधोगामी (टॉप डाउन)
COption (c)
बॉटम अप युक्ति
DOption (d)
अनुच्छेद श्रुतलेख

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

अनुच्छेद श्रुतलेख

Why this answer is correct

Paragraph dictation involves listening to a short text and recreating it closely, focusing on meaning and structure.

Question 116

अधिगम प्रतिफलों के उद्देश्य के संबंध में कौन-सा कथन सही है?

(a) विषयवस्तु केन्द्रित अधिगम की तुलना में दक्षता आधारित अधिगम को समुन्नत करना।
(b) भाषा के रचनात्मक प्रयोगकर्ता होने के लिए आवश्यक भाषा कौशलों में निपुणता प्राप्त करने लिए शिक्षार्थियों को सक्षम बनाना।
(c) विषयवस्तु में निपुणता और बाद में उसे प्रयोग में लाने की योग्यता।
(d) विशिष्ट उद्देश्यों के लिए भाषा का प्रयोग सीखने हेतु शिक्षार्थियों को सक्षम बनाना।

AOption (a)
केवल (c) सही है।
BOption (b)
(b) और (c) सही हैं।
COption (c)
(d) और (c) सही हैं।
DOption (d)
(a) और (d) सही हैं।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

(a) और (d) सही हैं।

Why this answer is correct

Learning outcomes emphasize competency-based learning and using language for specific purposes, not just content mastery.

Question 117

व्याकरण अधिगम के संदर्भ में कौन-सा कथन सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त तरीके से 'प्रक्रियात्मक ज्ञान' का वर्णन करता है?

AOption (a)
नियमों को जानना।
BOption (b)
व्याकरण नियम क्या है और कैसे प्रयोग करना है, यह जानना।
COption (c)
व्याकरण के नियमों को जानना और बाद में उनका प्रयोग करना।
DOption (d)
यह समझ बनाना कि व्याकरण के नियम व्याकरण की पुस्तक में कैसे कार्य करते हैं।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

व्याकरण नियम क्या है और कैसे प्रयोग करना है, यह जानना।

Why this answer is correct

Procedural knowledge is knowing how to use a grammatical form, combining knowledge with practical application.

Question 118

राजकीय हाईस्कूल की अंग्रेजी भाषा की अध्यापिका श्रीमती उषारानी अपने शिक्षार्थियों को दिन-प्रतिदिन के उद्देश्यों के लिए भाषा प्रयोग और सूत्रों के प्रयोगों के शिक्षण के माध्यम से अंग्रेजी भाषा बोलना सीखने में मदद करती हैं। वह अपने शिक्षार्थियों में किसके विकास की कोशिश कर रही हैं?

AOption (a)
सम्प्रेषण कौशल
BOption (b)
अन्तः वैयक्तिक कौशल
COption (c)
संज्ञानात्मक अकादमिक भाषायी निपुणता
DOption (d)
बुनियादी अन्तः वैयक्तिक सम्प्रेषण कौशल

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

बुनियादी अन्तः वैयक्तिक सम्प्रेषण कौशल

Why this answer is correct

Teaching formulaic usages for day-to-day purposes develops Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS).

Question 119

एक अध्यापक कक्षा सात के शिक्षार्थियों द्वारा की गई गलतियों के विशिष्ट प्रतिमान (पैटर्न) की पहचान करती है और अपने शिक्षार्थियों को इन गलतियों के प्रति जागरूक करने के लिए माह में एक बार इन पर चर्चा करती है। अध्यापिका यह बिलकुल भी ज़ाहिर नहीं करती है कि गलतियाँ किसके द्वारा की गई हैं। वह शिक्षार्थियों को इन गलतियों पर विमर्श करने के लिए भी कहती है। इस प्रकार के अभ्यास को क्या कहेंगे ?

AOption (a)
व्याकरण का अध्ययन और संलग्नता
BOption (b)
व्याकरण शिक्षण
COption (c)
पृष्ठपोषण देना (फीडबैक)
DOption (d)
त्रुटि विश्लेषण

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

त्रुटि विश्लेषण

Why this answer is correct

Collecting error patterns and having learners reflect on them anonymously is the practice of error analysis.

Question 120

वे शब्द जिन्हें हम सुनने और देखने पर पहचानते हैं, किस रूप में जाने जाते हैं?

AOption (a)
कोश विषयक
BOption (b)
उत्पादक शब्दावली
COption (c)
ग्राह्यशील शब्दावली
DOption (d)
शब्द संपदा से संलग्नता (प्रयोग)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

ग्राह्यशील शब्दावली

Why this answer is correct

Words recognized when heard or seen constitute receptive vocabulary, as opposed to words actively produced.

Language II (English) (30 questions)

Question 121

Identify the clause of the underlined part of the following sentence. "A low-fat vegetarian diet is the single most effective way in which we can stop the progression of coronary artery disease."

AOption (a)
Adjective clause
BOption (b)
Noun clause
COption (c)
Adverb clause
DOption (d)
Principal clause

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Adjective clause

Why this answer is correct

The underlined clause 'in which we can stop the progression of coronary artery disease' modifies the noun 'way', functioning as an adjective clause.

Question 122

Which of the following is NOT a motive for people to draw to vegetarianism ?

AOption (a)
They want to live longer, healthier lives.
BOption (b)
They want to preserve earth's natural resources.
COption (c)
They oppose eating animals because of their love for them.
DOption (d)
They find vegetarian food cheaper than non-vegetarian food.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

They find vegetarian food cheaper than non-vegetarian food.

Why this answer is correct

The passage lists health, preserving resources, and love for animals as motives. It does not mention vegetarian food being cheaper.

Question 123

The implicit message that vegetarianism spreads is __________.

AOption (a)
healthier lifestyle
BOption (b)
reduction in pollution
COption (c)
natural way of life
DOption (d)
universal love and non-violence

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

universal love and non-violence

Why this answer is correct

The passage states vegetarianism spreads the message of universal love and non-violence, which is its implicit message.

Question 124

Vegetarianism is not as popular as it should be because __________.

AOption (a)
it promotes natural way of life
BOption (b)
it helps the animal kingdom co-exist with man
COption (c)
it is an inward looking habit and is best cultivated in the mind
DOption (d)
we want to preserve earth's natural resources

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

it is an inward looking habit and is best cultivated in the mind

Why this answer is correct

The passage notes vegetarianism is an inward-looking habit best cultivated in the mind, limiting its popularity.

Question 125

Which one of the following words is most similar in meaning to the word 'cultivated' ?

AOption (a)
loved
BOption (b)
attracted
COption (c)
developed
DOption (d)
liked

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

developed

Why this answer is correct

In the context of 'cultivated in the mind', the word means nurtured or developed.

Question 126

Which one of the following words is opposite in meaning to the word, 'tasteless' as used in the passage ?

AOption (a)
infinite
BOption (b)
seasoned
COption (c)
taste
DOption (d)
palatable

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

palatable

Why this answer is correct

'Tasteless' means lacking flavor; 'palatable' means pleasant to taste, making it the direct opposite.

Question 127

Identify the part of speech of the underlined word in the following expression. This has been central to the Indian Culture.

AOption (a)
Adverb
BOption (b)
Preposition
COption (c)
Pronoun
DOption (d)
Conjunction

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Adverb

Why this answer is correct

The underlined word 'central' is an adjective, but given the options, 'Adverb' is likely intended for a different underlined word in the original.

Question 128

Read the following statements and state which of the options given below is correct.
(A) Vegetarianism promotes longer and healthier lives and helps to preserve earth's natural resources.
(B) Vegetarianism has not become very popular because it does not help in prevention or treatment of heart diseases.

AOption (a)
Only (A) is correct.
BOption (b)
Only (B) is correct.
COption (c)
Both (A) and (B) are correct.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (B) are incorrect.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Only (A) is correct.

Why this answer is correct

Statement (A) aligns with common benefits of vegetarianism; statement (B) is false as vegetarianism helps prevent heart diseases.

Question 129

What did the young woman who was hearing the complaints do ?

AOption (a)
She became very angry.
BOption (b)
She kept her cool.
COption (c)
She became sad.
DOption (d)
She became impatient.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

She kept her cool.

Why this answer is correct

The passage states she 'kept cool and smiled all the time' while hearing complaints.

Question 130

Study the following

Statements:

(A) Lack of self-control makes people grief stricken.
(B) Harmonious negotiation with other people is required for self-control.

AOption (a)
Only (A) is correct.
BOption (b)
Only (B) is correct.
COption (c)
Both (A) and (B) are correct.
DOption (d)
Both (A) and (B) are incorrect.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Only (A) is correct.

Why this answer is correct

Statement (A) is supported by the first line. Statement (B) reverses the relationship; self-control is required for negotiation.

Question 131

What every successful person must have ?

AOption (a)
Money
BOption (b)
Prestige
COption (c)
Self-control
DOption (d)
Good environment

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Self-control

Why this answer is correct

The passage emphasizes self-control as the fundamental trait for success, more vital than external factors like money or environment.

Question 132

Which one of the following words is most similar in meaning to the phrase 'liquid getting thick' as used in the passage ?

AOption (a)
coagulate
BOption (b)
triggered
COption (c)
savage
DOption (d)
contained

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

coagulate

Why this answer is correct

'Coagulate' means to change from a fluid to a thickened or solid state, matching 'liquid getting thick'.

Question 133

Harmonious negotiation is needed for __________.

AOption (a)
success in life
BOption (b)
self-control
COption (c)
negative emotions
DOption (d)
protection of young human race

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

success in life

Why this answer is correct

The passage states that harmonious negotiation of conflicting impulses is essential for achieving success in life.

Question 134

Identify the part of speech of the underlined word in the following sentence. "and if this kept up for some time,"

AOption (a)
Pronoun
BOption (b)
Preposition
COption (c)
Conjunction
DOption (d)
Adverb

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Conjunction

Why this answer is correct

The underlined word 'and' connects clauses, functioning as a conjunction.

Question 135

Which one of the following words is opposite in meaning to the word 'pleasure' ?

AOption (a)
loss
BOption (b)
anger
COption (c)
grief
DOption (d)
damage

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

grief

Why this answer is correct

'Grief' means deep sorrow, which is the direct opposite of the meaning of 'pleasure'.

Question 136

A teacher gives the following assignment to her students of class VIII. What type of writing would this be described as ?
In pairs, brainstorm, jot down ideas and develop them into a good write-up giving two arguments in favour and two against the topic, Students do not need to have printed books any more.

AOption (a)
Personal writing
BOption (b)
Expository writing
COption (c)
Discursive writing
DOption (d)
Descriptive writing

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Discursive writing

Why this answer is correct

It requires presenting arguments for and against a topic, which is the definition of discursive writing.

Question 137

Which of the following is true of the innateness hypothesis of language acquisition and language learning ?

AOption (a)
Efforts of the parents, peers and those near to the child as well as the environment are responsible for language acquisition.
BOption (b)
Language is unique only to humans and only human who can speak a language.
COption (c)
Language faculty present in children makes them conceive language through intense practice and drilling.
DOption (d)
Language faculty present in children is responsible for the production and acquisition of language in children.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Language faculty present in children is responsible for the production and acquisition of language in children.

Why this answer is correct

The innateness hypothesis posits that children are born with a language faculty enabling acquisition.

Question 138

Which one of the following are bottom-up listening activities ?

AOption (a)
Dictation, cloze listening, use of multiple-choice questions, identifying positive and negative statements.
BOption (b)
Summarising, listening to the whole message and applying the background knowledge.
COption (c)
Rearranging the jumbled words into sentences as one listens.
DOption (d)
Recitation of poetry, extempore speech, debate and discussions.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Dictation, cloze listening, use of multiple-choice questions, identifying positive and negative statements.

Why this answer is correct

Bottom-up listening focuses on decoding sounds, words, and grammar, as in dictation and cloze exercises.

Question 139

What does 'Pedagogical realization of materials' mean in language teaching ?

AOption (a)
Embedding activities and tasks to promote language pedagogy.
BOption (b)
Embedding the pedagogy into the materials to enable the teacher to adopt the pedagogy.
COption (c)
Enabling the teacher to understand the pedagogy in her classroom.
DOption (d)
To lists the various pedagogical strategies for classroom use.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Embedding the pedagogy into the materials to enable the teacher to adopt the pedagogy.

Why this answer is correct

It means integrating pedagogical principles directly into teaching materials to guide the teacher's approach.

Question 140

'All learners in school begin their education in the mother tongue and move on to add many more languages as they move forward in school.'
What is this known as in language-in-education policy ?

AOption (a)
Culture specific language-in-education policy
BOption (b)
Three language formula for school education
COption (c)
Mother as base for language education
DOption (d)
Mother tongue-based multilingualism

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Mother tongue-based multilingualism

Why this answer is correct

Starting education in the mother tongue and adding languages is known as mother tongue-based multilingualism.

Question 141

Sandhya reads an article on machine learning to find some information. What is her reading known as ?

AOption (a)
Glancing
BOption (b)
Reviewing
COption (c)
Skimming
DOption (d)
Scanning

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Scanning

Why this answer is correct

Scanning is reading quickly to locate specific information, like finding details in an article on machine learning.

Question 142

What is the following task known as ?
A piece of small text is made into two different chunks or every alternate sentence is given to a pair and each learner dictates to the other and the other writes. This process is reversed to make the other person listen and write and they can later work together to finalise the whole text.

AOption (a)
Transcreation
BOption (b)
Paragraph dictation
COption (c)
Mutual dictation
DOption (d)
Grammar dictation

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Mutual dictation

Why this answer is correct

Mutual dictation involves learners dictating alternate sentences to each other, then collaborating to reconstruct the full text.

Question 143

'Learning is a search for meaning. Therefore, learning must start with the issues around which learners are actively trying to make meaning.'
Which educational philosophy advocates the above idea ?

AOption (a)
Behaviourism
BOption (b)
Constructivism
COption (c)
Multiple Intelligence
DOption (d)
Structuralism

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Constructivism

Why this answer is correct

Constructivism posits that learning is an active search for meaning, starting from issues learners are trying to understand.

Question 144

What do 'form oriented language inputs' refer to ?

AOption (a)
Meaning of the inputs for learning the language
BOption (b)
Use of vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar
COption (c)
Inputs which focus on information
DOption (d)
The potential of the input for learning to write

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Use of vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar

Why this answer is correct

Form-oriented inputs focus on linguistic features like vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar rather than just meaning.

Question 145

Which of the following is 'assessment for learning' ?

AOption (a)
Assessments designed to monitor and improve students' progress during the teaching-learning process.
BOption (b)
Assessments designed to know students' progress at the end of the year and for consideration to promote them.
COption (c)
Assessment by the state to diagnose the achievement of learners at a particular stage.
DOption (d)
Assessment designed to monitor students' progress at the end of each term.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Assessments designed to monitor and improve students' progress during the teaching-learning process.

Why this answer is correct

Assessment for learning is formative, designed to monitor and improve student progress during the teaching-learning process.

Question 146

What is productive vocabulary ?

AOption (a)
Words that we use in writing and speaking.
BOption (b)
Words that we recognize as we hear.
COption (c)
Words that we fail to recognize.
DOption (d)
Words that we may recall sometimes while listening.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Words that we use in writing and speaking.

Why this answer is correct

Productive vocabulary refers to words actively used in speech or writing, unlike receptive vocabulary which is recognized when heard or read.

Question 147

Which one of the following statements would you NOT endorse for the teaching-learning of poetry ?

AOption (a)
Poetry is for exercising the imagination of learners.
BOption (b)
Poetry is for working with language.
COption (c)
Poetry is for pleasure.
DOption (d)
Poetry is for teaching grammar.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Poetry is for teaching grammar.

Why this answer is correct

Poetry teaching focuses on imagination, language play, and enjoyment, not explicit grammar instruction, which is a secondary or separate goal.

Question 148

The language used in the classroom in the various content areas as the teacher presents and interact with students. What is this language skill known as ?

AOption (a)
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills
BOption (b)
Language for real-life purposes
COption (c)
Language register
DOption (d)
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency

Why this answer is correct

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) refers to the formal academic language used in content-area instruction and classroom discourse.

Question 149

Which type of grammatical knowledge does the following statement mean ? Knowledge about the form, describing it and applying it in limited practice.

AOption (a)
Competence
BOption (b)
Metacognitive knowledge
COption (c)
Procedural knowledge
DOption (d)
Declarative knowledge

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Declarative knowledge

Why this answer is correct

Declarative knowledge is knowing 'about' language forms and rules, describing them explicitly, distinct from procedural knowledge which is applying them.

Question 150

What does the following task involve ?
Learners are given a hotel menu and they have to order food for four people for an amount of Rs. 1800/-. One is a vegetarian, and other one is allergic to mushrooms. They have to keep Rs. 70 for auto rickshaw to go back hostel. Learners are speaking about what they will order, their preferences, and keeping the money to get back to the hostel.

AOption (a)
Higher order thinking skills
BOption (b)
Study-Engage-Reflect-Use (language)
COption (c)
Cognitive strategies
DOption (d)
Present-Practice-Produce (language)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Higher order thinking skills

Why this answer is correct

The task requires analysis, evaluation of constraints (budget, dietary needs), and creative problem-solving, which constitute higher order thinking skills.

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