CRPF Head Constable Ministerial 23 Feb 2023 (Shift 1) Memory-Based Test (Previous Year Paper)

सह उत्तर है - किसी के दोष को छिपाना

जुगुप्‍सा का उचित पर्यायवाची 'घृणा' है। अन्‍य विकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• जुगुप्‍सा के अन्‍य पर्यायवाची- बुराई, अश्रद्धा, निंदा, अरुचि, घृणा, शोकाकुल, खिन्न, बुराई, घृणा, निंदा आदि।

अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प- 

• मीठा के पर्यायवाची- मिष्ट, मधुर, प्रियस्वादु, रसीला, मिठाई, मिष्ठान्न आदि।
• तीखा के पर्यायवाची- तीता, कडुवा, कटु, तेज आदि।
• पसंदीदा के पर्यायवाची- प्रि‍य, इच्छित, मनचाहा, रुचिकर आदि।

​

Additional Information

ओज - तेज, शक्ति, बल, चमक, कांति, दीप्ति।

• अत: शक्ति यहाँ सही विकल्प है।

Key Points

• अटल : दृढ़, निश्चित, स्थिर।
• वंश : कुल; कुटुंब; गोत्र; वर्ग; जाति
• उम्दा : उत्कृष्ट, अच्छा, उत्तम, श्रेष्ठ, बढ़िया, उन्नत।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर है - बच्चों 

Key Points

• उपरोक्त पंक्ति के अनुसार बुलाने के परिपेक्ष्य में किसी सजीव का ही प्रयोग किया जा सकता है, इसलिए सही उत्तर बच्चों होगा।
• अन्य विकल्प सही नहीं हैं क्योंकि खिलौना, पैसा, सहारा इनको बुलाया नहीं जा सकता है।

चीन व भारत के लिए निम्नलिखित कथनों में से सिल्क बनाने में ये दोनो पहले देश थे यह कथन सत्य नहीं है।

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार :-
• चीन का रेशम पूरी दुनिया में प्रसिद्ध है।
• वास्तव में, चीन ने ही सबसे पहले रेशम बनाया था।
• उनके रेशम को प्राचीन सिल्क रूट के द्वारा दूर-दूर के स्थानों पर - यहाँ तक कि यूरोप - भी भेजा गया था।

Additional Information

• सिल्क रूट:-
• रेशम मार्ग प्राचीनकाल और मध्यकाल में ऐतिहासिक व्यापारिक-सांस्कृतिक मार्गों का एक समूह था जिसके माध्यम से एशिया, यूरोप और अफ्रीका जुड़े हुए थे।
• इसका सबसे जाना-माना हिस्सा उत्तरी रेशम मार्ग है
• जो चीन से होकर पश्चिम की ओर पहले मध्य एशिया में और फिर यूरोप में जाता था और जिस से निकलती एक शाखा भारत की ओर जाती थी।

आधुनिक चीन में आम कृषि प्रथा यह है कि किसान संयुक्त रूप से गांव की भूमि पर खेती करते हैं।

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार :-
• आधुनिक चीन में, किसानों के पास अपने खेतों का मालिकाना अधिकार नहीं है।
• प्रत्येक गांव की अपनी जमीन होती है।
• ग्रामीण एक साथ काम करते हैं और फसल उनके बीच साझा की जाती है।
• चीन में उगाई जाने वाली मुख्य फसलें दक्षिण में चावल और उत्तर में गेहूं और ��ौ हैं।

Additional Information

• संयुक्त का अर्थ - 
• जुड़ा, मिला हुआ।
• संयुक्त का विलोम -
• पृथक।
• संयुक्त का पर्याय - 
• सहित, सम्मिलित, संलग्न, मुश्तरका, समेकित, समेत, युक्त, एकत्रित आदि।

चीनी रेशम यूरोप और अन्य देशों को प्राचीन सिल्क रूट के माध्यम से पहुंचता था।

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार :-
• चीन का रेशम पूरी दुनिया में प्रसिद्ध है।
• वास्तव में, चीन ने ही सबसे पहले रेशम बनाया था।
• उनके रेशम को प्राचीन सिल्क रूट के द्वारा दूर-दूर के स्थानों पर - यहाँ तक कि यूरोप भी भेजा गया था।

Additional Information

• प्राचीन का अर्थ - 
• पुराना।
• प्राचीन का पर्याय - 
• पिछले जमाने का, पूराना, पूरातन आदि।
• प्राचीन का विलोम - 
• अर्वाचीन।
• प्राचीन का प्रत्यय - 
• ईन प्रत्यय  प्राच मूल शब्द है।

चीन की महान दीवार की यह विशेषता बेहद विशिष्ट है कि यह "मनुष्य द्वारा निर्मित एकमात्र संरचना है जिसे बाह्य अंतरिक्ष से देखा जा सकता है।"

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार :-
• चीन की महान दीवार, दुनिया के सात आश्रर्यों में से एक है और दुनिया की सबसे लंबी दीवार है।
• यह दीवार लगभग 2000 वर्ष पुरानी है और 6000 किलोमीटर से अधिक लंबी है।
• दीवार पत्थरों और ईंटों से बनी है।
• यह बाहरी अंतरिक्ष से दिखाई देने वाली एकमात्र मानव निर्मित संरचना है।

Additional Information

• संरचना का अर्थ - 
• सूक्ष्म तत्त्व की बनावट।
• संरचना का पर्याय - 
• संरचना, ढांचा, बनावट, निर्माण, भवन, आकार, छलरचना, गढ़ाई, गठन, रचना आदि
• अंतरिक्ष का अर्थ - 
• आकाश।
• अंतरिक्ष का पर्याय - 
• ​खगोल, नभमंडल, गगनमंडल, आकाशमंडल। आदि हैं।

विशाल गोबी रेगिस्तान पर चीन द्वारा 4000 वर्षों तक शासन किया गया है।

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार :-
• चीन हमारा पड़ोसी है। हिमालय भारत और चीन के बीच में स्थित है।
• चीन के पूर्व में प्रशांत महासागर और चीन के उत्तर में गोबी का विशाल रेगिस्तान है।
• चीन ने बिना किसी व्यवधान के पिछले 4000 वर्षों तक इस क्षेत्र पर शासन किया है।

Additional Information

• विशाल का अर्थ -
• बहुत बड़ा।
• विशाल का पर्याय - 
• भीषण, मुश्किल, भयंकर, विस्तृत, लंबा-चौड़ा, महान आदि।
• विशाल का विलोम -
• लघु ।

Important Points

सही उत्तर अनुरक्ति है|

Key Points

• ‘आसक्त’ का विलोम है ‘अनासक्त’,
• ‘विरक्ति’ का विलोम है ‘अनुरक्ति’,
• ‘उक्त’ का विलोम है ‘अनुक्त’
• ‘विरत’ का विलोम है ‘निरत’|

सही उत्तर है - "बच्चों के लिए मिठाई लाओ।"

Key Points

• बच्चों के लिए मिठाई लाओ। - इस वाक्य में संप्रदान कारक का सही इस्तेमाल हुआ है l
• "के लिए" संप्रदान कारक का विभक्ति चिन्ह है l
• जिसके लिए कोई क्रिया की जाती हैं या किसी को कुछ दिया जाता है, तो उसे सम्प्रदान कारक कहते है।
• दूसरे शब्दों में जिसके लिए कुछ किया जाय या किसी को कुछ दिया जाय, इसका बोध कराने वाले शब्द के रूप को सम्प्रदान कारक कहते है।
• इसकी विभक्ति 'को' और 'के लिए' है।
• उदाहरण:-
• ”वह अरुण के लिए मिठाई लाया।”

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:-

• हिमालय से, हाथ से - यहां अपादान कारक का प्रयोग हुआ है l
• वाक्य में जिस स्थान या वस्तु से किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु की पृथकता अथवा तुलना का बोध होता है, वहाँ अपादान कारक होता है।
• इस कारक में "से" शब्द अलगाव को दर्शाता है l
• उदाहरण - चूहा बिल से बाहर निकला।
• आसमान का - यहां संबंध कारक का प्रयोग किया गया है l
• ऐसे शब्द जिनके माध्यम से संज्ञा एवं सर्वनाम का वह रूप जो किसी दो वस्तुओं के बीच में संबंध बताता हो, उन्हें संबंध कारक कहते हैं।
• संबंध कारक- संबंध कारक के चिह्न का, के, की, रा, री, रे, ना, नी, रे-इसके तिर्यक/परसर्ग/कारक चिह्न हैं।
• उदाहरण - बच्चे का सिर दर्द कर रहा है।​

Additional Information

• कारक -
• संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के जिस रूप से वाक्य के अन्य शब्दों के साथ उसके सम्बन्ध का बोध होता है, उसे कारक कहते हैं।
• हिन्दी में आठ कारक होते हैं -
• कर्ता, कर्म, करण, सम्प्रदान, अपादान, सम्बन्ध, अधिकरण और सम्बोधन।

पर्याय की दृष्टि से कौन सा युग्म सुमेलित नहीं है- 'नदी - तरिणी'।

• तरिणी : अर्थात तारिणी स्त्री, देवी का पर्यायवाची होता है। नदी का नहीं।

नदी के पर्यायवाची शब्द- तरनी, तटनी, लहरी आदि। 

Key Pointsसमान अर्थ देने वाले शब्दों को पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते है। 

अन्य पर्यायवाची युग्म सुमेलित है-

1. तालाब - पुष्कर, सर, जलाशय।
2. कष्ट - व्यथा, परेशानी, विषाद।
3. पत्नी - कलत्र, वल्लभा, त्रिया।

Additional Informationकुछ महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द-

Mistake Pointsनदी का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'तटनी' है 'तरिणी' नहीं**।** 

'तरिणी' नाव का पर्यायवाची है।

जो सप्ताह में एक बार होता हो वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द साप्ताहिक होता है । अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प 2) साप्ताहिक होगा ।

Key Points

Additional Information

सही वर्तनी वाला शब्द है - 'उपर्युक्त'

• उपर्युक्त - जिसका उल्लेख या चर्चा ऊपर की जा चुकी हो।
• अन्य सभी विकल्प वर्तनी की दृष्टि से गलत है।

Mistake Points 

• ऊपयुक्त - ('उ' व 'र्' वर्ण से सम्बन्धित त्रुटि)
• उपर्युत्त - ('क्' व 'त' वर्ण से सम्बन्धित त्रुटि)
• उपरिक्त - ('उ' की मात्रा, **'**र्' व 'य' वर्ण से सम्बन्धित त्रुटि)

Key Points 

• किसी शब्द में आये हुए अक्षरों को मात्राओं सहित कहने या लिखने की रीति को वर्तनी कहते हैं। वर्तनी का सीधा सम्बन्ध उच्चारण से होता है।
• यदि उच्चारण शुद्ध होगा तो वर्तनी शुद्ध होगी और यदि उच्चारण अशुद्ध होगा तो वर्तनी भी अशुद्ध होगी।

Additional Information कुछ अशुद्ध से शुद्ध शब्द:-

• अशुद्ध - शुद्ध
• उंतीस - उनतीस
• अनभिग्य - अनभिज्ञ
• सन्यास - संन्यास
• नमष्कार - नमस्कार
• दुरावस्था - दुरवस्था
• आशिर्वाद - आशीर्वाद

देश को गद्दारों  से बचाना चाहिए।

Key Points

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से, रिक्त स्थान के लिए 'गद्दारों' सर्वश्रेष्ठ शब्द है।
• यहाँ देश को आंतरिक खतरे से बचाने की बात हो रही है।
• संपूर्ण वाक्य - "देश को गद्दारों से बचाना चाहिए।"
• गद्दार का अर्थ है - वह व्यक्ति जो विश्वासघात या धोखाधड़ी करे।

अन्य विकल्प -

• पानी - पीने, नहाने, कपड़े धोने आदि के लिए आवश्यक तरल पदार्थ।
• बाजार - वह स्थान जहां खरीद और बिक्री होती है।
• धर्म - समाज द्वारा मान्य आस्था या विश्वास प्रणाली।

Additional Information

विकल्पों में दिए गए अन्य शब्दों का वाक्य प्रयोग -

• हमें रोज़ पानी पीना चाहिए।
• वह बाजार में सामान खरीदने गया है।
• हर किसी का अपना-अलग धर्म होता है।

‘अंधे के हाथ बटेर लगना’ का अर्थ ‘बिना परिश्रम के अच्छी वस्तु हाथ लगना’ है। शेष विकल्प त्रुटिपूर्ण हैं। अतः सही विकल्प ‘बिना परिश्रम के अच्छी वस्तु हाथ लगना’ है।

विशेष

हिंदी दिवस - हर साल हम 14 सितंबर को हिंदी दिवस के रूप में मनाते हैं। क्योंकि इसी दिन भारत की संविधान सभा ने देवनागरी लिपि में लिखी गई हिंदी भाषा को भारतीय गणराज्य की राजभाषा घोषित किया था। हिंदी के प्रचार और प्रसार के लिए तत्कालीन भारतीय सरकार ने 14 सितंबर 1949 से प्रतिवर्ष 14 सितम्बर को हिंदी दिवस के रूप में मनाने अनुरोध किया था। संविधान द्वारा हिंदी को भारत की राजभाषा का दर्जा दिये जाने की खुशी में हम हिंदी दिवस मनाते हैं। संविधान के अनुच्छेद 343 में हिंदी भाषा को राजभाषा के तौर पर अपनाने का उल्लेख मिलता है।

Additional Information

भाषा - भाषा वह साधन है जिसके द्वारा हम अपने विचारों को व्यक्त कर सकते हैं और इसके लिये हम वाचिक ध्वनियों का प्रयोग करते हैं। भाषा, मुख से उच्चारित होने वाले शब्दों और वाक्यों आदि का वह समूह है जिनके द्वारा मन की बात बताई जाती है।

बोली - भाषा की छोटी इकाई को बोली कहा जाता है। इसका क्षेत्र सीमित होता है। इसमें व्यक्तिगत बोलचाल ही माध्यम होता है और देशज तथा घरेलू शब्दावली का प्रयोग होता है। यह बोलचाल की भाषा मानी जाती है।​ उदाहरण : बिहारी, बघेली, छत्तीसगढ़ी, अवधी आदि

विकल्प (2) संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल का सही उदाहरण है- यह पढ़ा जाता होगा। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

यह पढ़ा जाता था | यह वाक्य सामान्य भूतकाल का उदहारण है।

यह पढ़ा जायेगा। यह वाक्य सामान्य भविष्यकाल का उदहारण है।

यह पढ़ा जाता है। यह वाक्य सामान्य वर्तमानकल का उदहारण है।

Key Points

संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल:-  

• क्रिया के जिस रूप से वर्तमान काल क्रिया के होने या करने पर शक हो, उसे संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल कहते है।
• जिन वाक्यों के अंत में ता होगा, ती होगी, ते होंगे आदि आते हैं, उसे संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल कहते हैं।
• जैसे- माँ खाना बना रही होगी।

Additional Informationसामान्य वर्तमान:-

• क्रिया के जिस रूप से वर्त्तमान कल में साधारण रूप से क्रिया के होने का बोध हो उसे सामान्य वर्तमान काल कहते है। उदहारण - सोहन जाता है।
• पहचान - इन  वाक्यों के अंत में ता है, ती है, ते है, ता हूँ, ती हूँ आदि आते है | ​

सामान्य भविष्यकाल:-

• इस काल में यह पता चलता है कि कार्य सामान्य रूप से होगा।
• उदहारण - मैं चला जाऊंगा।

सामान्य भूतकाल:-

• क्रिया के जिस रूप से काम के सामान्य रूप से बीते हुए समय में होने का बोध हो, उसे सामान्य भूतकाल कहते है l
• उदहारण - बच्चे ने पाठ पढ़ा l

विकल्प 4, ‘आजीवन’ सही है।

Key Points

• आजीवन मैं सत्य का पालन करुँगा। यह सही वाक्य है।
• सभी विकल्प क्रिया विशेषण हैं परन्तु आजीवन वाक्य में सबसे उपयुक्त है।
• शेष विकल्प उपर्युक्त वाक्य में सही नहीं बैठते।

Additional Information

• क्रिया विशेषण वह शब्द होता है जो हमें क्रिया की विशेषता बताते हैं दूसरे शब्दों में कहें तो जिस शब्दों से क्रिया की विशेषता का पता चलता है उन शब्दों को हम क्रियाविशेषण कहते हैं। क्रिया विशेषण के चार भेद किये गए हैं। 
• कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण - 
• ​समय के सम्बन्ध में
• स्थानवाचक क्रियाविशेषण - 
• ​स्थान सम्बन्धी विशेषता
• रीतिवाचक क्रियाविशेषण - 
• क्रिया के करने की विधि के सम्बन्ध
• परिमाणवाचक क्रियाविशेषण - 
• परिणाम (मात्रा) की बात करता है

सही उत्तर - मौर्यकाल में 

Key Points

• वाक्य में अनावश्यक शब्द प्रयोग की अशुद्धि है
• काल तथा समय समानार्थी शब्द हैं इनका एकसाथ प्रयोग उचित नहीं है
• शुद्ध वाक्य -  मौर्यकाल में लोग सुखी थे।

Additional Information

• वाक्य में अनावश्यक शब्द प्रयोग से अनुपयुक्त शब्द के प्रयुक्त होने से, सही क्रम या अन्विति न होने से, लिंग, वचन, कारक का सही प्रयोग नहीं होने से, सही सर्वनाम एवं क्रिया का प्रयोग न होने से वाक्य अशुद्ध हो जाता है।
• जो अर्थ के साथ भाषा सौन्दर्य को हानि पहुंचाता है।

सही उत्तर है - ‘योग’।

• गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थान (5) के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शब्द होगा - योग।

Key Pointsसंपूर्ण वाक्य:

• जिस वजह से आज योग विदेशों में भी प्रसिद्ध है।

योग का अर्थ :

• योग एक आध्यात्मिक प्रक्रिया है जिसमें शरीर, मन और आत्मा को एक साथ लाने (योग) का काम होता है।

अन्य विकल्प:

• याम का अर्थ : तीन घंटे का समय, पहर।
• याग का अर्थ : यज्ञ।
• वियोग का अर्थ : किसी वस्तु से रहित होने का भाव, विरह।

सही उत्तर है - ‘शुद्ध’।

• गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थान (4) के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शब्द होगा - शुद्ध।

Key Pointsसंपूर्ण वाक्य :

• योग न केवल हमारे मस्‍तिष्‍क को ही ताकत पहुंचाता है बल्कि हमारी आत्‍मा को भी शुद्ध करता है।

शुद्ध का अर्थ :

• पवित्र या निर्मल, साफ़।

अन्य विकल्प :

• दूषित का अर्थ : ​दोषयुक्त।
• अशुचि का अर्थ : मैला।
• अशुद्ध का अर्थ : का अर्थ : साफ़ न किया हुआ।

सही उत्तर है - ‘लाभकारी’।

• गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थान (3) के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शब्द होगा - लाभकारी।

Key Pointsसंपूर्ण वाक्य :

• योग बहुत ही लाभकारी है।

लाभकारी का अर्थ :

• फ़ायदेमंद।
• जिससे लाभ हो या जो लाभ देने वाला हो।

अन्य विकल्प :

• हानिकारक का अर्थ : ​क्षति पहुँचानेवाला।
• अहितकर का अर्थ : अहित या अपकार करनेवाला।
• शुभंकर का अर्थ : शुभ या मंगल करनेवाला।

सही उत्तर है - ‘तनाव’।

• गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थान (2) के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शब्द होगा - तनाव।

Key Pointsसंपूर्ण वाक्य :

• योग से न केवल व्यक्ति का तनाव दूर होता है बल्कि मन और मस्तिष्क को भी शांति मिलती है।

तनाव का अर्थ :

• चिंता या परेशानी के कारण मानसिक उत्तेजना।

अन्य विकल्प :

• विश्वास का अर्थ : निश्चित धारणा, यक़ीन।
• आचरण का अर्थ : चरित्र।
• आशंका का अर्थ : संदेह, शक।

सही उत्तर है - ‘संतोष’।

• गद्यांश के रिक्त स्थान (1) के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शब्द होगा - संतोष।

Key Pointsसंपूर्ण वाक्य :

• वर्तमान समय में अपनी व्यस्त जीवन शैली के कारण लोग संतोष पाने के लिए योग करते हैं।

संतोष का अर्थ :

• खुशी,संतुष्टि और खुश।

अन्य विकल्प :

• असंतोष का अर्थ : संतोष का अभाव।
• रोजगार का अर्थ : जीविका निर्वाह के लिए रोज कमाने जाना।
• पैसा का अर्थ : धन–संपत्ति, दौलत।

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• The Bihar government led by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar started the first phase of caste based survey in the State from 7 January 2023 which ended on January 21.
• The number of all households in the State was counted and recorded in the first phase.
• In the second phase of the survey which is to start from April 1 to April 30, people living in the households, their castes, sub-castes, socio-economic conditions etc. will be collected.
• The survey will end on May 31, 2023.

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review.

Important Points A court of record is a court whose acts and proceedings are enrolled for perpetual memory and testimony.

• These records are used with high authority and their truth cannot be questioned.
• In the Indian constitution article 129 make the Supreme Court the 'court of record”.
• Article 129 says: Supreme Court to be a court of record.
• The Supreme Court shall be a court of record and shall have all the powers of such a court including the power to punish for contempt of itself.

Thus, we can say that Article 129 of the Constitution empowers the Supreme Court to be a Court of Records.

Additional Information

• Article 130: It contains the provision related to the Seat of the Supreme Court.
• Article 137 of the Constitution is a special power with the Supreme Court to review any judgment pronounced or order made by the Parliament.
• Article 143 deals with the power of the president to consult the Supreme Court. It will be decided by a bench consisting of at least five judges.

The correct answer is Cricket.

Key Points 

• Suryakumar Yadav on 6th Nov 2022 became the first Indian player to score 1,000 T20 International runs in a calendar year.
• He accomplished this feat in India's final Super 12 stage match against Zimbabwe in Melbourne.
• He scored 61 not out of 25 balls, consisting of six fours and four sixes.
• In 28 innings this year, Suryakumar has scored 1,026 runs at an average of 44.60.

Additional Information

• Important Current Affairs related to Cricket in 2022:
• Rohit Sharma on 2 Oct 2022 became the first player from the country to feature in 400 T20 matches.
• Bangladesh pacer Rubel Hossain on 19 Sept 2022 announced his retirement from Test cricket.
• Bangladesh wicketkeeper-batter and former captain, Mushfiqur Rahim on 4 September 2022 announced his retirement from T20 internationals.
• In England, the Leicester Cricket Ground has been named after India's legendary cricketer, Sunil Gavaskar.
• West Indies cricketers Denesh Ramdin and Lendl Simmons have announced their retirement from international cricket.
• England all-rounder Ben Stokes has announced his retirement from one-day internationals (ODIs).
• India pacer Mohammed Shami has become the fastest Indian to take 150 wickets in One Day Internationals (ODIs).

The correct answer is Tennis.

Key Points

• Former Wimbledon doubles champion Tennis player Sania Mirza has announced that she will retire from tennis after 2022.
• She became the first Indian to win a WTA singles title in 2005.
• She has also won two Grand Slam titles with Mahesh Bhupathi - the 2009 Australian Open mixed doubles title and the French Open 2012 mixed doubles.
• She also won the US and Australian Opens.

Important Points

• She is the winner of six Grand Slam titles, including three mixed doubles trophies.
• Sania became world number one in doubles during her successful partnership with Swiss legend Martina Hingis.
• She picked up her first senior title aged 15 at the 2002 Asian Games.
• She entered the WTA Tour in 2003 and later reached a career-high singles ranking of 27 in the world, still the highest by an Indian woman.​

The correct answer is Allaudin Khilji.

The Mongols attacked Delhi twice during the reign of Allaudin Khilji.

• The first was in the year 1299 and then in 1302-03.
• Alauddin Khilji constructed a new garrison town called Siri for his soldiers.
• Muhammad Tughlaq's administrative measures were a failure.
• His campaign into Kashmir was a disaster.
• Alauddin Khilji was a powerful ruler of the Delhi Sultanate who ruled from 1296 to 1316.
• He was the second ruler of the Khilji dynasty and is known for his military conquests and administrative reforms.

The correct answer is Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

Key Points

• Firoz Shah Tughlaq built the biggest network of canals in India.
• He was born in 1309 and became sultan of Delhi after the demise of his cousin Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.
• He was the third ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty that ruled over Delhi from 1320 to 1412 AD. He was in power from 1351 to 1388 AD.
• The Britisher used to call him Father of irrigation department because of many gardens and canals he built like:​
• The canal connecting the Yamuna to Hissar city.
• The Satluj to the Ghaggar.
• Mandvi and Sirmour Hills to Hansi in Haryana.
• The Ghaggar to Firuzabad.
• He is known to establish four new towns, Firuzabad, Fatebabad, Jaunpur, and Hissar.
• He was the one who started the Imposition of Jaziya on the Brahmans.
• He died in 1388.

Additional Information

Tughlaq Rulers with their timeline:

The correct answer is option 4, i.e. West Bengal

• Bhawaiya is a musical form of popular folk music in West Bengal.
• It is practised in Cooch Behar, Jalpaiguri, part of Darjeeling and North Dinajpur district of West Bengal.
• Some other folk dance names are:
• Chhau (It also performed in Odisha and Bihar)
• Kirtan
• Alkap
• Gambhira

The correct answer is Group 17.

Key Points 

Tennessine:

• Atomic Number - 117
• Previously designated as ununseptium, a placeholder name that means one-one-seven in Latin.
• In November 2016, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) approved the name Tennessine for element 117.
• A synthetic chemical element with the symbol 'Ts'.

Additional Information 

• Halogen means "Salt-producing" as they produce salt on reaction with a metal.
• Group number 17 of the Periodic Table is known as the Halogen group.
• The five natural halogen elements are;
• Fluorine(F), atomic number 9.
• Chlorine(Cl), atomic number 17.
• Bromine(Br), atomic number 35.
• Iodine(I), atomic number 53.
• Astatine(At), atomic number 85.
• Tennessine(Ts), is also a halogen element but it is artificially created. The atomic number of Ts is 117.
• Fluorine is the most electro-negative element among all other halogens.
• The descending order of electronegativity in the halogens is F>Cl>B>I>At>Ts.
• Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract a shared electron to itself.

The correct answer is 2012.

Key Points

• "Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO)" came into force in India in 2012.
• It was enacted especially to protect children (aged less than 18) from sexual assault.
• The act describes a child as anyone below the age of 18 years.
• The POCSO Act was enacted to protect children aged less than 18 years from sexual assault, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and pornography.
• This act asks for the setting up of Special Courts that are better equipped to deal with such offences in a more effective manner.

 Thus, we can say that POCSO Act came into force in 2012.

The correct answer is Badri Narayan.

Key Points

• Badri Narayan would be conferred the award for his collection of poems in Hindi titled ‘Tumadi Ke Shabd’.
• He is currently the director of G.B. Pant Social Science Institute, Allahabad.
• He is an eminent Hindi poet, Some of his famous collections of poems include “Khudai Mein Himsa”, “Shabpadiyam” and “Sach Sune Kai Din” his poems have been translated into English, Bengali, Oriya, Malayalam, Urdu, and many other Indian languages.

 Additional Information

• Anis Ashfaq would be conferred for his novel Khwab Saraab in the Urdu language category.
• Praveen Dashrath Bandekar has been awarded for his novel Ujavya Sondechya Bahulya in the Marathi language category.
• Manoj Kumar Goswami was awarded for his Short Stories Bhool Satya in the Assamese language category.

​The correct answer is Jodhpur.

In News

• The First Employment Working Group meeting of the G20 summit will be held in Jodhpur in Rajasthan from 2 to 4 February 2023.

Key Points

• It will discuss things namely Global Skill gaps, sustainable financing to achieve social security, Social Protection, and Gig and Platform Economy.
• More than 73 delegates are to attend the meeting.
• The members are planning to launch an international skill gap mapping portal.

Additional Information

• The G20 or Group of Twenty is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union (EU).
• It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development.
• The G20 was founded in 1999 in response to several world economic crises.
• Members of G-20:

1. Australia
2. Canada
3. Saudi Arabia
4. United States
5. India
6. Russia
7. South Africa
8. Turkey
9. Argentina
10. Brazil
11. Mexico
12. France
13. Germany
14. Italy
15. United Kingdom
16. China
17. Indonesia
18. Japan
19. South Korea
20. European Union

The correct answer is ​Manipuri.

Key Points

• Manipuri
• Guru Bipin is often regarded as the Father of the Manipuri Dance.
• Mainly there are 3 styles associated with the Manipuri Dance.
• Mandal Rasak: Lord Krishna is the centre of attraction while he is surrounded by the Gopis.
• Tai Rasak: It is mainly performed with the use of clapping
• Danda Rasak: A geometric pattern is created with the help of the position of the dancers and Drum are played with two sticks
• Lai Haraoba
• Lai Haraoba is the earliest form of dance which originated in Manipur.
• ​Lai Haraoba is mainly celebrated by the Meitei community of Manipur.
• Manipuri Raas Leela
• Manipuri Raas Leela is based on the love stories of Lord Krishna and Radha.

Additional Information

• Odissi
• Odissi is a folk dance form of Odisha.
• Gotipua is a traditional dance form in the state of Odisha and the precursor of Odissi classical dance
• Odissi” dance form represents Water.
• Kathak
• It originated In North India.
• The roots of this dance form lie in the Sanskrit text, ‘Natya Shastra’.
• The four main Gharanas or schools of kathak are Jaipur, Lucknow, Raigarh and the Benares gharanas.
• Kuchipudi
• Kuchipudi is a traditional Indian Classical dance form that originated from Andra Pradesh.
• Mridangam, cymbals, veena, flute, and tambura are the traditional musical instruments in Kuchipudi.

The correct answer is option 1.

In News

• The Railways conducted a test run of its longest freight train, Super Vasuki, as part of the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav celebrations.
• The 3.5-km-long freight train covered the distance between Korba in Chhattisgarh and Rajnandgaon in Nagpur and was run by the South East Central Railway (SECR).

Key PointsAbout Super Vasuki 

• Super Vasuki is a 3.5-km-long freight train with 295 wagons carrying 27,000 tonnes. Hence option 1 is correct.
• The freight train gets its name from Vasuki, the Hindu god of serpents. Shiva's snake, Vasuki, is portrayed as being around his neck. The snake is said to have a gem on his head called a Nagamani.
• The national transporter claimed that this is the longest and heaviest freight train that the Railways have ever operated and that it crosses a station in around four minutes.
• Super Vasuki carries enough coal to operate a 3000 MW power plant for a whole day.
• This can transport three times as much coal in a single trip as the 90-car, 100-ton rail rakes that are now in use.
• The train was formed by amalgamating five rakes of goods trains as one unit.
• The Railways plans to use this arrangement (longer freight trains) more frequently, especially to transport coal in peak demand season to prevent fuel shortages in power stations.

The correct answer is 6.4%.

In News

• According to the latest update, the Centre is likely to cut its 2023-24 (FY24) fiscal deficit in the range of 5.8-5.9 per cent of the GDP from 6.4 per cent in FY23.

Key Points

• The deficit, however, is expected to remain much larger than the 4-4.5 per cent of the GDP that was usual for decades.
• The Centre is hoping to return to those historical levels by FY26.
• According to a report, Economists at SBI expect the Budget to peg the fiscal deficit close to 6 per cent.
• They said that India will have to grow at a faster clip for making this possible, given its estimates on expenditure and revenue mobilisation.
• They expect 8.2 per cent growth in expenditure but the subsidy bill to come down, and revenues to grow 12.1 per cent.
• On the borrowing front, analysts expect the market borrowings of the government to be pegged higher in FY24.
• Japanese brokerage Nomura, which pegged the fiscal deficit at 5.9 per cent, said the gross borrowing will rise to Rs 15.5 trillion from Rs 14.2 trillion in FY23, while SBI estimated it at Rs 16.1 trillion.

Additional Information

• Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of a government in a financial year.
• Fiscal deficit happens due to events like a major rise in capital expenditure or deficit arising from revenue. It serves as an indicator of how well the government is managing its finances.
• Fiscal deficit is calculated by subtracting the total revenue obtained by the government in a fiscal year from the total expenditures that it incurred during the same period, i.e., Fiscal deficit = Total Expenditure – Total revenue (Excluding the borrowings)

The correct answer is Orissa.

Key Points 

• The First edition of the Khelo India university games 2020 was organized in Bhubaneshwar, Orissa from 22 February to 1 March 2020.
• The Games includes a total of 211 events in about 17 sports. The venue for the Games was Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) in Bhubaneswar, JNL Indoor Stadium, SAI-Odisha Badminton Academy, and SAI International Residential School in Cuttack.
• Punjab University Chandigarh stood First in 2020 with 46 Medals (17 Gold,19 Silver,10 Bronze)
• The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports is the concerned Ministry for the above game.

Additional Information

• The Second edition of the Khelo India University games 2021 was scheduled for 2021 but due to COVID-19, it was shifted to 2022.
• It was hosted by Bangalore’s Jain University.
• Bangalore’s Jain University stood first with 20 gold medals.
• Official Mascot of the Khelo India University games 2021 was VEERA an Elephant.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan has launched the KFON (Kerala Fibre Optic Network) to provide free internet service.
• Service will be provided to 20 lakh BPL families, including villages in all 14 districts of Kerala.
• 30,000 government institutions will also get high bandwidth connectivity with KFON.
• KFON is a JV of Kerala State IT Infrastructure Limited and Kerala State Electricity Board.
• Kerala:
• Chief Minister - Pinarayi Vijayan.
• Governor - Arif Mohammad Khan.
• Number of Districts - 14.

The correct answer is Krishna.

• Krishna rivers originate in Maharashtra flows through Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh to meet the Bay of Bengal in Andhra Coast.

Key Points

• The Krishna river originates in the Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar at an elevation of about 1,300 meters (4,300 ft), in the state of Maharashtra in central India.
• The Krishna river is around 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) in length (282 kilometres (175 mi) in Maharashtra.
• Tungabhadra River (which originates in Koodli of Chikmagalur) and Bhima River (which originates in Bhimashakar Hills) are the two largest tributaries of Krishna River.

​

Additional Information

• Cauvery River, the sacred river of southern India.
• It rises on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats in southwestern Karnataka state, flows in a southeasterly direction through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, and descends the Eastern Ghats in a series of great falls.
• Godavari River rises from a place called Trimbak located in the Western Ghats in Nashik district in the state of Maharashtra.
• ​It drains into the Bay of Bengal before forming a large delta below Rajahmundry.
• Mahanadi River flows through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
• It originates from the highlands of Chhattisgarh.
• The Mahanadi River ranks second to the Godavari River among the peninsular rivers in respect of water potential.

The correct answer is Nallathamby Kalaiselvi.

Key Points

• Senior scientist Nallathamby Kalaiselvi was on 6 August 2022 appointed as the first woman Director General of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR).
• She succeeds Shekhar Mande, who superannuated in April 2022.
• Previously, she was the director of CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute in Tamil Nadu.
• CSIR is a consortium of 38 research institutes across the country.

Additional Information

• ​The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research is abbreviated as CSIR.
• It was established by the Government of India in September 1942 as an autonomous body.
• It has emerged as the largest research and development organisation in India.
• The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR):
• President: Narendra Modi
• Founded: 26 September 1942
• Founders: Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar, Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar

The correct answer is Guru Gobind Singh.

Key Points

• Khalsa Panth was founded by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.
• Guru Gobind Singh is the tenth and last Sikh Guru after his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji.

Important Points

• Guru Nanak Dev was the first Sikh guru.
• Golden Temple was constructed by Guru Ram Das.
• Guru Arjan Dev was executed by Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
• Khalsa Panth - a kind of Praetorian Guard was founded by Guru Gobind Singh on April 13, 1699.
• Guru Har Krishan was the youngest Sikh guru, he became guru at the age of 5.

Additional Information

• The ten gurus of Sikhs in order -

1. Guru Nanak (1469 - 1539). Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism and was the first human guru.
2. Guru Angad - (1539 - 1552)
3. Guru Amar Das - (1552 - 1574)
4. Guru Ram Das (1574 - 1581) - Guru Ram Das founded the city of Amritsar.
5. Guru Arjan (1581 - 1606) -  A great scholar, Guru Arjan compiled the scriptures of the Sikhs, known as the Adi Granth.
6. Guru Hargobind - (1606 - 1644)
7. Guru Har Rai - (1644 - 1661)
8. Guru Har Krishan - (1661 - 1664)
9. Guru Tegh Bahadur - (1665 - 1675)
10. Guru Gobind Singh - (1675 - 1708)

The correct answer is Hyderabad.

In News

• Union Minister Anurag Thakur flagged off Formula E-Championship.
• Union Minister Anurag Thakur flagged off the Formula E Championship  in Hyderabad on 11 Feb'23.
• Hyderabad is hosting India’s first ever Formula E-race.
• Hyderabad E-Prix is being held at the ‘Hyderabad Street Circuit’ on the banks of the picturesque Hussain Sagar Lake and NTR Marg.
• Hyderabad is the 27th city in the world to host the race which is the first non-carbon emission event.

Additional Information

• Formula E, officially the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship.
• It is a single-seater motorsport championship for electric cars.
• The series was conceived in 2011 in Paris by FIA president Jean Todt and Spanish businessman Alejandro Agag, who is also the current chairman of Formula E Holdings.

The correct answer is 45.

Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2 Oct 1869.
• He returns to India from South Africa on 9 January 1915.
• At the time, Age of Mahatma Gandhi was 45 year 3 months and 7 days.
• After arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organized Satyagraha Movements in various places.
• Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915 at the request of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
• Gandhi Ji returns from South Africa can be seen as perfect timing for the future of development of the Indian national movement. Gokhale helped  Gandhiji at the time of hardships in raising funds when Gandhiji was in South Africa.
• Gokhale insisted Gandhiji that he has been far away from his nation. He wanted Gandhiji to come to India and know the situation of India under British Rule.

Important Points

• Things Mahatma Gandhi did in South Africa:
• He organised non-violent protests against the racial discrimination directed towards the native Africans and Indians in 1894.
• He came to India for a short time in 1896 to gather fellow India to serve in South Africa,
• He organised the Indian Ambulance corps for the British during the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899.
• Het set up Phoenix Farm near Durban where Gandhi trained his cadre for peaceful restraint or non-violent Satyagraha.
• He also set up another farm which was Tolstoy Farm which is considered the place where Satyagraha was moulded into a weapon of protest.
• Movements Started by Gandhiji in India:
• Champaran Satyagraha of 1917
• Kheda Satyagrah of 1918
• Khilafat Movement Post World War I
• Non-Co-operation Movement
• Civil Disobedience Movement
• Negotiations over Round Table Conferences
• Gandhi Irwin Pact
• Quit India Movement

Additional Information

Mahatma Gandhi:

• Born: 2 October 1869
• Died: 30 January 1948
• He was undoubtedly a great man, both in personal force and in political effect.
• He was an Indian Lawyer, Politician, social activist, and writer who moulded the character of the struggle for freedom in India, and impressed his own ideals upon the new governing class that came into power when the English went home.

The correct answer is Christiaan Huygens.

Key Points

• Wave Theory of Light
• In the late 17th century, scientists were embroiled in a debate about the fundamental nature of light – whether it was a wave or a particle.
• Sir Isaac Newton was a strong advocate of the particle nature of light.
• But, the Dutch physicist, Christiaan Huygens believed that light was made up of waves
• These waves vibrate up and down perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation and therefore formulated a way of visualizing wave propagation.
• This became known as ‘Huygens’ Principle‘
• This theory was proposed by Huygens in 1678.
• Huygens suggested that each point on the source of light acts as a centre of disturbance from which the waves spread out in all directions,
• The locus of all the particles in a medium vibrating in the same phase is called the wavefront.
• The wavefront due to a point source is spherical and due to a line source is cylindrical. The wavefront corresponding to a parallel beam of light rays is the plane.
• The direction of propagation of the light (ray of light) is perpendicular to the wavefront.
• Each point on a wavefront acts as a source of a new disturbance called secondary wavelets.
• Secondary wavelets spread out as spherical secondary wavefronts with the speed of light.
• The wave theory explains the laws of reflection, refraction, rectilinear propagation, interference, diffraction, as well as dispersion of light.
• The wave theory fails to explain the photoelectric effect of light.

The correct answer is Vaishali.

Key Points

• Siddhartha, also known as Gautama was the founder of Buddhism.
• He was born about 2500 years ago.
• The Buddha belonged to the Sakya gana and was a Kshatriya.
• Buddhist councils were the assemblies convened in the centuries following the death of Buddha to recite texts of scriptures and to settle doctrinal disputes.
• Six Buddhist councils were held altogether.
• The second Buddhist council was held at Vaishali under the patronage of King Kalasoka.
• The council was held under the presidency of Sabakami.
• This council was held in 383 BC.

 Thus, we can say that the Second Buddhist Council was held at Vaishali.

Additional Information

• The first Buddhist Council was held at Rajgriha around 483 BC.
• The third Buddhist Council was held at Pataliputra in 250 BC.
• The fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana in 72 AD.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Tropic of Cancer does NOT pass through Andhra Pradesh. 
• Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle part of India.
• Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line that is at an angle of 23.50 degrees.
• It is North of the Equator, which passes through the middle of India.
• Tropic of Cancer passes through 17 countries and India is one of them.

Additional Information

• It passes through the other eight states.
• Gujarat (Jasdan)
• Rajasthan (Kalinjarh)
• Madhya Pradesh (Shajapur)
• Chhattisgarh (Sonhat)
• Jharkhand (Lohardaga)
• West Bengal (Krishnanagar)
• Tripura (Udaipur)
• Mizoram (Champh)
• The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) passes almost halfway through the country India.
• From the extends south to north, the mainland of India extends between 8°4’N and 37°6’N latitudes.
• From the other extends west to east, India extends between 68°7’E and 97°25’E longitudes.
• Due to the great longitudinal extent and difference of about 29°, wide differences in local time of places located at two extreme points of the country.
• The difference between these two points would be approximately two hours.

The correct answer is ​Article 137.

• Article 137 of the Constitution is a special power with the Supreme Court to review any judgment pronounced or order made by the Parliament.
• The scope of the article is that the Court has the power to review its rulings to correct a “patent error” and not “minor mistakes of inconsequential import.
• A Review Petition has to be filed within 30 days of the date of judgment or order.
• When a review takes place, the Court will not take fresh stock of the case but just correct grave errors that have resulted in the miscarriage of justice.
• As per the Civil Procedure Code and the Supreme Court Rules, any person aggrieved by judgment can seek a review.

Key Points

The logic followed here is:

Given series is 1, 4, 3, 8, 7, 12, _, 16, 21

Therefore, '13' is the required number.

Hence,  "Option (1)" is the correct answer.

The position of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The logic that follows here is as follows:

The word PLANNED is written as RNCNPGF

Similarly, the word PROMOTE will be written as RTQMQVG

In the same way, IMPROVE will be written as

IMPROVE is written as KORRQXG

Hence, the correct answer is "KORRQXG".

he logic followed here is:

Draw the Venn diagram:

Conclusions:

I. Some fishes are pets → False (No direct relationship given between fishes and pet it may be possible but not defined)

II. All birds are fishes → False (It may be true but not definitely, Some birds are fishes)

Therefore, the correct answer is "Neither conclusion follows.".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Additional Information 

The logic followed here is:

15378 = 1 + 5 + 3 + 7 + 8 = 24

similarly,

20654 = 2 + 0 + 6 + 5 + 4 = 17

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

We can understand the journey of cyclists by following figure given below:

We can see that he is going in the 'West' direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "West".

The logic followed in the given pair:

The first item in each pair is operated by the second item of the pair.

Laptop is operated by a Mouse.

Boat is operated by an Oar

Car is operated by an Engine.

However,

Car - Windshield is the only option that doesn't follow the logic as a Car is not operated by a windshield.

Hence, ‘Car - Windshield’ is the correct pair.

I, J, K, L, M, N and O are sitting along a circle facing at the centre.

1. J is second to the left of O.

2. M is the immediate neighbour of I and L.

3. N is on the immediate right of I.

N is to the immediate left of J.

Hence, the correct answer is "To the immediate left of J "

Logic:

1) Given word is arranged according to descending order. 

2) Vowels are coded as multiplied by 2.

3) Consonants are coded as + 2.

The logic followed here is :-

• FRIED : TRHJF

Similarly,

• FACET :

Hence, the correct answer is "VHJEB".

The paper when unfolded will appear as shown below:

Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Given: O + S × P ÷ T

Clearly, P is the Grandson of O.

Hence, the correct answer is "Grandson".

According to the English alphabets & their positional values:

The pattern followed in the given options is: 

Option 1) FKA : 

Option 2) CJZ : 

Option 3) PUK : 

Option 4). CHX : 

So, CJZ is the odd one.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Seven friends K, L, M, N, O, P and Q are sitting on a straight bench facing north.

1. K is sitting exactly at the middle position.

2. L is sitting third to the right of K.

3. K is sitting to the immediate left of O.

4. Only P is sitting between Q and N.

5. M and Q are not sitting at any of the extreme ends.

• Thus, we can see that Q cannot be sitting at the left end. Therefore, N sits at the left end.

6. Final sitting arrengment is:

So, "N" is sitting at the extreme left end.

Hence, the correct answer is "N".

The pattern followed here is:

1. Given figure is rotated 45º degree anticlockwise direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Position values of the letters, according to the English alphabet series is:

The logic of the above series is mentioned below-

Hence, SKV is correct answer.

As per the given information:

B A D C F E H G J I L K N M P O R Q T S V U X W Z Y

Here, the letter 'P' is 15th from the left.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

If a mirror is placed along MN line, then, we will get the following mirror image-

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Given: Seven persons – G, M, R, K, L, P and C.

1. G is to the immediate right of K, who is third to the left of C.

2. R is adjacent to both C and P.

3. M is not adjacent to G.

And, L will sit on the remaining place.

So, 'C' is the third to the left of M.

Hence, the correct answer is "C".

Given:

Chapati is related to Wheat → Chapati is made from wheat.

Similarly,

Brick is related to clay soil → Brick is made from clay soil.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

When we compare figure 1 and figure 2:

We can see that 3 is opposite to 4.

When we compare figure 1 and figure 3:

We can see that 5 is opposite to 1.

Now we only have two faces left i.e., 2 and 6 which means 2 and 6 are opposite to each other.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

The logic followed here is:

Check all options:

Option (1) : 224 → 15² – 1 = 225 – 1 = 224

Option (2) : 362 → 192 + 1 = 361 + 1 = 362

Option (3) : 168 → 132 – 1 = 169 – 1 = 168

Option (4) : 288 → 172 – 1 = 289 – 1 = 288

Therefore, '362' is odd.

Hence, "Option (2)" is the correct answer.

Six friends, A, B, C, D, E, and F are seated in a row facing north.

• There are exactly two seats to the left of B.
• F is an immediate neighbour of both B and D.

OR

• E is not at either of the extreme seats of the row.
• C is not an immediate neighbour of E.

OR

According to given information exact position of E is not given and C will not sit with E. A is sitting at the leftmost end. So, the first arrangement is rejected.

Now, We will go with the second arrangement.

So, the final arrangement will be,

According to the condition, A and D decide to swap their positions then it will become:

The new position of A will be Third to the right of E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Third to the right of E".

Given:

CLAVICLE

As per the given information:

Here, three pairs are shown in the above figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

We count the triangles in the given figure:

:

Total triangles = 21

Hence, the correct answer is option (3).

We solve the given statement with the help of the following table:

Step 1: We reverse the first half of the alphabets series,

M L K J I H G F E D C B A N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Step 2: Seventh letter from the left end.

M L K J I H G F E D C B A N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

G is the seventh letter from the left end.

Step 3: The twelfth to the right of the seventh letter from the left end.

M L K J I H G F E D C B A N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

S is twelfth to the right of the seventh letter from the left end

Hence the correct answer is option (3).

We consider the given options and see whether the given figure can be embedded:

Hence, the correct answer is option 3).

Given:

5 men and 3 women together or 9 men can cultivate a land in 60 days

Calculation:

According to the question,

(5m + 3w) = 9m

⇒ 3w = 4m

So, (8m + 9w) = 8m + 12m = 20m

9m can cultivate a land in 60 days

1m can cultivate a land in 60 × 9 days

20m can cultivate a land in (60 × 9)/20 days = 27 days.

Alternate Method(5m + 3w) × 60 = 9m × 60

⇒ m/w = 3/4

Total work = (5 × 3 + 3 × 4) × 60 = 27 × 60 =1620

Total efficiently of (8m + 9w) = 8 × 3 + 9 × 4 = 24 + 36 = 60

Required no of days = 1620/60 = 27 days

Given:

$\frac{2.7 × 2.7 × 2.7 - 0.027}{7.29+0.81+0.09}$

Formula used:

a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a2 + b2 + ab) 

Calculation:

Here, 0.027 = 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 = 0.3³

⇒ 2.7 x 2.7 x 2.7 = 2.7³

⇒ 7.29 = 2.7²

⇒ 0.81 = 2.7 × .3

⇒ 0.09 = 0.32

we can assume a = 2.7 and b = 0.3

apply the formula a³ - b³ = (a - b)(a² + b² + ab) 

= $\frac{2.7^3- 0.3^3}{2.7^2+0.3^2+2.7× 0.3}$

= $\frac{(2.7-0.3)(2.7^2-0.3^2+2.7\times 0.3)}{(2.7^2+ 0.3^2+2.7× 0 .3)}$

= (2.7 - 0.3) = 2.4

∴ The correct answer is "2.4"

Given-

∠BAC = 40° 

Concept Used:

Circumcentre: The intersection point of two perpendicular bisectors of a triangle is the circumcentre of the triangle. 

The circumcenter is also the center of the circle passing through the

three vertices, which circumscribes the triangle. 

Theorem: The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the

angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle.

Calculation:

We know that the intersection point of two perpendicular bisectors of a triangle is the circumcentre of the triangle.

Let that point be O.

Using the theorem discussed above

∠BOC = 2 × ∠BAC

⇒ ∠BOC = 2 × 40°

⇒ ∠BOC = 80°

∴ The angle subtended by the intersection point of two of its perpendicular bisector on the arc BC is 80°

Additional InformationIncenter:

The incenter of a triangle is the point of intersection of all the three

interior angle bisectors of the triangle. 

⇒ Interest = Rs. 4200, Rate = 15% and T = 4 years, Let Principal be p

⇒ S.I = (P × R × T) / 100, where P is the principal, r is the rate of interest and t is the time period.

⇒ 4200 = (p × 15 × 4)/100

⇒ 4200 × 100 = 60p

⇒ p = (4200 × 100)/60

∴ Principal = Rs. 7000

Given:

Amount in 3 year = ₹17,925

Amount in 7 year = ₹21,825

Formula used:

1. SI = (PRT)/100

2. Amount = P + SI

Where, P = Principal, R = Rate, T = Time(in years)

Calculation:

SI in (7 - 3) year =  21825 - 17925

⇒ SI in 4 year = ₹3900

⇒ SI in 3 year = 3900 x 3/4 = ₹2925

Now, P = 17925 - 2925 = ₹15000

⇒ 2925 = (15000 × 3 × R)/100

⇒ R = 6.5%

⇒ 2R = 13%

According to the question,

SI = (18500 x 22 x 13)/(5 x 100)

⇒ SI = ₹10,582

∴ The required SI is ₹10,582.

Shortcut Trick

Alternate Method

Converting the fractions into decimals;

7/9 = 0.77

11/14 = 0.78

3/4 = 0.75

10/13 = 0.76

⇒ 0.78 > 0.77 > 0.76 > 0.75

⇒ 11/14 > 7/9 > 10/13 > 3/4

∴ The correct answer is (11/14).

Given:

Speed during going = 75 kmph

Speed is reduced while returning

Total time taken = 4.5 hours = 9/2 hours

Formula used:

Time taken = Distance/Speed

Calculation:

Let the distance from A and B is x km

Speed while returning = (75 – 15) kmph = 60 kmph

Time taken while going = x/75 hr

Time taken while returning = x/60 hr

According to the question,

(x/75) + (x/60) = 4.5

⇒ 9x/300 = 4.5

⇒ x = 0.5 × 300 = 150 km

∴ The distance between A and B is 150 km

Shortcut Trick

Required number = HCF of (1356 − 12), (1868 − 12) and (2764 − 12).

Required number = HCF of 1344, 1856 and 2752.

The difference between the first two numbers (1856 − 1344) is 512.

The required HCF must be a factor of 512. From the given options (74, 64, 54, 44), only 64 is a perfect factor of 512.

∴ The correct answer is 64.

Alternate Method

Given:

Numbers given are 1356, 1868 and 2764.

The remainder in each case is 12.

Formula Used:

Required greatest number = HCF of (a − r), (b − r) and (c − r)

Calculations:

⇒ First number = 1356 − 12 = 1344

⇒ Second number = 1868 − 12 = 1856

⇒ Third number = 2764 − 12 = 2752

⇒ Prime factorization of 1344 = 2⁶ × 3 × 7

⇒ Prime factorization of 1856 = 2⁶ × 29

⇒ Prime factorization of 2752 = 2⁶ × 43

⇒ HCF of (1344, 1856, 2752) = 2⁶ = 64

∴ The correct answer is 64.

Additional Information

Case 1: Same Remainder Given

The greatest number that divides a, b, and c leaving a remainder r in each case is the HCF of (a − r), (b − r), and (c − r).

Case 2: Same Remainder Not Given

The greatest number that divides a, b, and c leaving the same remainder in each case is the HCF of |a − b|, |b − c|, and |c − a|.

Case 3: LCM Remainder Concept

The least number which when divided by a, b, and c leaves a remainder r in each case is [LCM of (a, b, c)] + r.

Last two digit of 7ⁿ,

7¹ = 07

7² = 49

7³ = 43

7⁴ = 01

⇒ Cyclicity of 7ⁿ is 4,

⇒ 7¹⁸¹ = 7^{4 × 45 + 1} = 7¹ = 07

⇒ Last two digits of 7¹⁸¹ is 07.

∴ Required sum = 0 + 7 = 7.

Given 

The ratio of the present age of Rani and Moni = 6 : 7

Calculation 

Let the ratio be x 

So, the difference in ages of Rani and Moni = 4 

⇒ 7x - 6x = 4 

⇒ x = 4 

So, Age of Rani and Moni after 4 years 

Age of Moni = 7x + 4 = 7 × 4 + 4 = 28 + 4 = 32 

Age of Rani = 6x + 4 = 6 × 4 + 4 = 24 + 4 = 28

Ratio of Age of Rani and Moni after 4 years = 28 : 32 = 7 : 8 

∴ The correct answer is 7 : 8

Shortcut Trick

Given 9cotθ = 4 ⇒ cotθ = 4/9.

Divide the numerator and denominator of the fractional part by sinθ to convert it into cotθ:

⇒ [(4 − cotθ) / (4 + cotθ)] + 3

⇒ [(4 − 4/9) / (4 + 4/9)] + 3

⇒ (32/9) ÷ (40/9) + 3 ⇒ 32/40 + 3

⇒ 4/5 + 3 = 19/5

∴ The correct answer is 19/5.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ 9cotθ = 4 ⇒ cotθ = 4/9

Calculations:

⇒ By Pythagoras theorem, Hypotenuse = √(Base² + Perpendicular²)

⇒ Hypotenuse = √(4² + 9²) = √(16 + 81) = √97

⇒ sinθ = Perpendicular ÷ Hypotenuse = 9/√97

⇒ cosθ = Base ÷ Hypotenuse = 4/√97

⇒ Numerator = 4sinθ − cosθ = 4 × (9/√97) − (4/√97) = 36/√97 − 4/√97 = 32/√97

⇒ Denominator = 4sinθ + cosθ = 4 × (9/√97) + (4/√97) = 36/√97 + 4/√97 = 40/√97

⇒ Fraction value = (32/√97) ÷ (40/√97) = 32/40 = 4/5

⇒ Total Expression = 4/5 + 3 = 19/5

∴ The correct answer is 19/5.

Additional Information

Trigonometric Ratios

In a right-angled triangle, sinθ = Perpendicular ÷ Hypotenuse, cosθ = Base ÷ Hypotenuse, and tanθ = Perpendicular ÷ Base.

Basic Trigonometric Identities

The three fundamental identities are: sin²θ + cos²θ = 1, 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ, and 1 + cot²θ = cosec²θ.

Pythagorean Theorem

For any right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is strictly equal to the sum of the squares of its other two sides: H² = P² + B².

Shortcut Trick

Time ratio of A : B : C = 6 : 3 : 2

Efficiency ratio of A : B : C = 1/6 : 1/3 : 1/2 = 1 : 2 : 3

Total efficiency of A + B + C = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 units/day

Total work = Combined efficiency × Total days = 6 × 2 = 12 units

Time taken by B alone = Total work ÷ B's efficiency = 12 ÷ 2 = 6 days

∴ The correct answer is 6 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 2 × Time taken by B = 3 × Time taken by C

Let Time taken by A = 6x days.

Time taken by B = 3x days.

Time taken by C = 2x days.

Calculations:

⇒ Total efficiency of A, B and C = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6

⇒ Time taken by A, B and C together = Total Work ÷ Total Efficiency

⇒ 2 = 6x ÷ 6

⇒ x = 2

⇒ Time taken by B alone = 3x = 3 × 2 = 6 days

∴ The correct answer is 6 days.

Additional Information

Pipes & Cisterns

Similar to Time & Work, an inlet pipe does positive work while an outlet pipe does negative work. Net efficiency = Inlet efficiency − Outlet efficiency.

Work & Wages

Wages are always distributed in the ratio of the total work done by each individual. If they work for the same number of days, the ratio of wages equals their ratio of efficiencies.

Alternate Day Work

When persons work on alternate days, calculate the total work done in a complete cycle (e.g., 2 days for 2 people) and multiply to reach as close to total work as possible before adjusting.

Solution:

Number of students in University 1 in the year 2017 is 20,000.

Number of students in University 2 in the year 2019 is 20,000.

Hence, the difference between both the university is 0.

Exports in the year 2012 = 1000/1.1 ≈ 909 crores

Exports in the year 2013 = 3200 - 909 = Rs. 2291 crores

∴ Imports in 2013 = 2291 × 0.9 ≈ Rs. 2062 crores

Given:

a2 + b2 + c2 = 2(a - b - c) - 3

Concept used:

1. A² + B² + C² = 0 then A = B = C = 0
2. (a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b²
3. (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

Calculation:

a2 + b2 + c2 = 2(a - b - c) - 3

⇒ (a² - 2a + 1) + (b² + 2b + 1) + (c² + 2c + 1) = 0

⇒ (a - 1)² + (b + 1)² + (c + 1)² = 0

According to the concept,

(a - 1)2 = 0

⇒ a = 1

(b + 1)2 = 0

⇒ b = -1

(c + 1)2 = 0

⇒ c = -1

Now, a + b + c

⇒ 1 - 1 - 1 = -1

∴ The required value of a + b + c is -1.

Alternate MethodGiven:

a, b, c are real numbers and a² + b² + c² = 2(a - b - c) - 3

Calculations:

Rearrange the equation:

a² + b² + c² = 2a - 2b - 2c - 3

⇒ a² - 2a + b² + 2b + c² + 2c + 3 = 0

Group terms to form perfect squares:

⇒ (a² - 2a + 1) + (b² + 2b + 1) + (c² + 2c + 1) = 0

⇒ (a - 1)² + (b + 1)² + (c + 1)² = 0

Since a, b, c are real numbers, each squared term must be zero for their sum to be zero:

a - 1 = 0 ⇒ a = 1

b + 1 = 0 ⇒ b = -1

c + 1 = 0 ⇒ c = -1

Find a + b + c:

a + b + c = 1 + (-1) + (-1)

⇒ a + b + c = 1 - 1 - 1

⇒ a + b + c = -1

∴ The value of a + b + c is -1.

Shortcut TrickLet the length and breadth be 10 units each

So, Area of rectangle = 10 × 10 = 100 sq. unit

New length = 130% of 10 = 13

New breadth = 70% of 10 = 7

So, New area of rectangle = 13 × 7 = 91 sq. unit

Percentage decrease in area = $\frac{100 - 91}{100} \times 100$%

∴ Decrease percent is 9%

Alternate Method 

Given:

Length of rectangular Field increased by 30%

Breadth of the Rectangular Field decreased by 30%

Formula Used:

Area of rectangle = Length × Breadth

Calculation:

Let the Length of rectangular field be x 

and the breadth of the field be y

Initial area of the field = x × y = xy units²

New length after increase of 30% = [x + (30x/100)]

⇒ 13x/10 units

New breadth after decrease of 30% = [y – (30y/100)

⇒ 7y/10 Units

New area of Rectangular Field = (13x/10) × (7y/10)

⇒ 91xy/100 Units²

Decrease in the area = xy – (91xy/100)

⇒ 9xy/100 Units²

Percentage change in area = [(9xy/100)/xy] × 100

⇒ 9%

∴ Decrease in the area of rectangular field is 9%.

Let, revolution per minute be x

Diameter of the driving wheel = 140 cm

⇒ Radius of the driving wheel = (140/2) = 70 cm

⇒ Circumference of the driving wheel = 2 × 22/7 × 70 = 440 cm = 4.4 m

Now, 66 km/h = 66 × (5/18) m/s = 66 × (5/18) × 60 m/min = 1100 m/min

According to the the question,

4.4x = 1100

⇒ x = 1100/4.4 = 250

∴ The wheel must make 250 revolutions per second.

200 men can complete the quarter of work in 50 days

If they continue the work, time taken to complete the remaining work = 3 × 50 = 150 days

[∵ ¾ th of the work is remaining]

But they have to complete in 100 days to finish in time

Time ∝ 1/Number of employees

Let the number of extra employees required to complete the work in time be x

∴ 150/100 = (200 + x)/200

300 = 200 + x

∴ x = 100

Given:

Side of triangle = 15 cm

Height of triangle = 6 cm

Concept Used:

Area of triangle = $\frac{1}{2}$ × Base × Height

Calculation:

⇒ Putting the values in formula, we get

⇒ Area of triangle = $\frac{1}{2}$ × 6 × 15

⇒ Area of triangle = 3 × 15 = 45 cm²

Therefore, the area of triangle is 45 cm².

GIVEN:

The difference between the two parallel sides of a trapezium = 4 cm and the perpendicular distance between them = 19 cm

The area of the trapezium = 475 cm2

FORMULA USED:

The area of the trapezium = 1/2 × (sum of parallel side) × (perpendicular distance between them) sq. unit

CALCULATION:

Let the two parallel sides of a trapezium be a cm and b cm

⇒ a - b = 4      ----(1)

⇒ The area of the trapezium = 1/2 × (sum of parallel side) × (perpendicular distance between them) sq. unit

⇒ 475 = 1/2 × (a + b) × 19

⇒ a + b = 50      ----(2)

⇒ on solving equation (1) & (2)

⇒ a = 27 and b = 23

∴ two parallel sides of the trapezium are 27 cm and 23 cm

Calculation:

7/8 = 0.875

13/16 = 0.8125

63/80 = 0.7875

31/40 = 0.775

So, 7/8 is the largest

∴ The required answer is 7/8.

Alternate MethodLCM of 8, 16, 80, 40 is 80

So,

7/8 = 80 × 7/8 = 70

13/16 = 80 × 13/16 = 65

63/80 × 80 = 63

31/40 × 80 = 62

So, 7/8 is the largest among them

Given:

(x2 – y2) and (x + y)

Formula used:

(x2 – y2) = (x + y)(x - y)

Calculation:

let A be the third proportion,

$\frac{x^2-y^2}{x+y} = \frac{x+y}{A}$

$\frac{(x+y) (x-y)}{x+y} = \frac{x+y}{A}$

$\frac{ (x-y)}{1} = \frac{x+y}{A}$

$\frac{ (x-y)}{x+y} = \frac{1}{A}$

A = $\frac{x+y}{x-y}$

Answer is $\frac{x+y}{x-y}$.

FORMULAE USED:

Average = Sum of all/total number of terms

CALCULATION:

25 = Sum of all/7

⇒ Sum = 175

Let the ratio be k

Then, sum of remaining six people will be 21k

⇒ 175 – 28 = 21k

⇒ k = 7

Age of oldest member will be = 6 × k = 6 × 7 = 42

∴ So, the age of the eldest member of the family is 42 years

Shortcut Trick

Let the Cost Price of the second item be 100 units. Then the Cost Price of the first item is 200 units.

Profit from first item = 200 × 25% = 50 units. Loss from second item = 100 × 15% = 15 units.

Net profit = 50 − 15 = 35 units. Given net profit = Rs. 35.

∴ 35 units = Rs. 35 ⇒ 1 unit = Rs. 1.

Sum of Cost Price = 200 + 100 = 300 units = 300 × 1 = Rs. 300.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 300.

Alternate Method

Given: CP₁ = 2 × CP₂, Profit%₁ = 25%, Loss%₂ = 15%, Net Profit = Rs. 35.

Formulas: Profit = CP × Profit%, Loss = CP × Loss%, Total CP = CP₁ + CP₂.

⇒ Let Cost Price of item 2 be x. Then Cost Price of item 1 is 2x.

⇒ Profit from item 1 = 2x × (25/100) = 0.5x.

⇒ Loss from item 2 = x × (15/100) = 0.15x.

⇒ Net Profit = 0.5x − 0.15x = 0.35x.

⇒ 0.35x = 35 ⇒ x = 35 ÷ 0.35 = 100.

⇒ Sum of Cost Price = 2x + x = 3x = 3 × 100 = 300.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 300.

Additional Information

Net Profit and Loss

When multiple transactions occur, the overall profit or loss is the algebraic sum of individual profits (positive) and losses (negative).

Cost Price Calculation

Total Cost Price is the sum of the individual cost prices of all articles purchased: Total CP = CP₁ + CP₂ + ... + CP_n.

Shortcut Trick

Sum of present ages = 58 + 5 + 5 = 68 years.

Difference (B − 8) − (A + 8) = 16 ⇒ B − A = 32 years.

A = (Sum − Diff) ÷ 2 = (68 − 32) ÷ 2 = 18 years.

B = (Sum + Diff) ÷ 2 = (68 + 32) ÷ 2 = 50 years.

Ratio A : B = 18 : 50 = 9 : 25.

∴ The correct answer is 9 : 25.

Alternate Method

Let the present ages of A and B be A and B respectively.

According to first condition:

⇒ (A − 5) + (B − 5) = 58

⇒ A + B − 10 = 58

⇒ A + B = 68 --- (eq i)

According to second condition:

⇒ (B − 8) − (A + 8) = 16

⇒ B − 8 − A − 8 = 16

⇒ B − A = 32 --- (eq ii)

Adding (eq i) and (eq ii):

⇒ 2B = 100 ⇒ B = 50

Subtracting (eq ii) from (eq i):

⇒ 2A = 36 ⇒ A = 18

⇒ Ratio A : B = 18 : 50 = 9 : 25

∴ The correct answer is 9 : 25.

Additional Information

Age Sum Property

If the sum of ages of 'n' people is S now, then 'x' years ago the sum was S − (n × x).

Age Difference Constant

The difference between the ages of two individuals remains constant at any point in time.

Ratio and Proportion

To find the ratio of two quantities, they must be in the same unit and simplified to their lowest terms.