SSB Head Constable 2018 Official Paper-I (Conducted on 3 Jan 2021) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is DRDO on 17 November 2020.

Key Points

• QRSAM
• Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test-fired the Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile system (QRSAM) on 17 November 2020. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
• The test was conducted at the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the Odisha coast.
• The Test was in continuation of a series of missile tests conducted by DRDO over the past two months.
• QRSAM is a canister-based system, which means that it is stored and operated from specially designed compartments.
• In the canister, the inside environment is controlled, thus along with making its transport and storage easier, the shelf life of weapons also improves significantly.
• The system is capable of detecting and tracking targets on the move and engaging targets with short halts.
• It is a short-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, primarily designed and developed by DRDO to provide a protective shield to moving armored columns of the Army from enemy aerial attacks.
• The entire weapon system has been configured on a mobile and maneuverable platform and is capable of providing air defense on the move.
• It has been designed for induction into the Army and has a range of 25 to 30 km.
• The QRSAM weapon ensemble which functions on the move consists of a fully automated command and control system.
• It also consists of two radars - Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar and Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar - with one launcher.
• Both radars have 360-degree coverage with the search on move and track on move capabilities.
• The system is compact, uses a single-stage solid propelled missile, and has a mid-course inertial navigation system with a two-way data link and terminal active seeker developed indigenously by DRDO.

The correct answer is Mission Shakti.

Key Points

• Mission Shakti
• 27 March 2019 India completed its first successful attempt at shooting a satellite in lower earth orbit (LEO). Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• In doing so, India has become the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to acquire the capability of space warfare.
• Mission Shakti was undertaken to develop highly potent Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT).
• It is a joint program of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
• The Anti-satellite (ASAT) System is a missile-based system to attack moving satellites.
• India has tested the Anti-Satellite System(A-SAT) from Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam Island, formerly known as Wheeler Island, an island off the coast of Odisha.
• The test was named Mission Shakti.
• It has successfully destroyed a live satellite in the Low Earth Orbit(an altitude of 300 km).
• With this test, India is now in the league of three countries after the U.S., Russia, and China to have such technology.
• ASAT propels India to the coveted space-superpower league.
• India will now have the power to decimate satellites for pure military and strategic purposes.
• With this missile, India will have the capability to interfere with satellites or engage in direct attacks.
• ASAT missiles can be air, sea, or land-based.
• ​

The correct answer is For the development of lithium-ion batteries.

Key Points

• The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been jointly awarded to John B Goodenough, M Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino for the development of lithium-ion batteries. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• Through their work, this year’s Chemistry Laureates have laid the foundation of a wireless, fossil-fuel-free society.
• In the early 1970s, Dr. Whittingham developed the first functional lithium battery.
• Dr. Goodenough doubled the lithium battery’s potential, creating the right conditions for a vastly more powerful and useful battery.
• Dr. Yoshino succeeded in eliminating pure lithium from the battery, instead of basing it wholly on lithium ions, which are safer than pure lithium.
• This made the battery workable in practice.
• The result was a lightweight, hardwearing battery that could be charged hundreds of times before its performance deteriorated.
• The advantage of lithium-ion batteries is that they are not based upon chemical reactions that break down the electrodes but upon lithium ions flowing back and forth between the anode and cathode.
• The lithium-ion batteries have reshaped energy storage and transformed cars, mobile phones, and many other devices in an increasingly portable and electronic world.

Additional Information

List of Nobel Laureates 2022

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Bipolar disorder
• It is an illness that affects about 0.8% of the global population.
• Also known as manic-depressive illness, it is characterized by mood swings, irrational behavior, and phases of mania or extreme highs, and at other times, phases of depression.
• Bipolar disorder is a mental illness marked by extreme shifts in mood.
• Symptoms can include an extremely elevated mood called mania.
• They can also include episodes of depression.
• Bipolar disorder is also known as bipolar disease or manic depression.
• People with bipolar disorder may have trouble managing everyday life tasks at school or work, or maintaining relationships.
• Patients with this disorder face difficulties in planning and decision-making.
• There’s no cure, but there are many treatment options available that can help to manage the symptoms.
• Three main symptoms can occur with bipolar disorder: mania, hypomania, and depression.
• While experiencing mania, a person with bipolar disorder may feel an emotional high.
• They can feel excited, impulsive, euphoric, and full of energy.
• Hence, Option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is Ammonia.

Key Points

• Ammonia is a weak base because its nitrogen atom has an electron pair that readily accepts a proton.
• Also, when dissolved in water, ammonia acquires hydrogen ions from water to produce hydroxide and ammonium ions.
• It is the production of these hydroxide ions that imparts ammonia its characteristic basicity.
• The alkaline earth metals are the elements that correspond to group 2 of the modern periodic table.
• This group of elements includes Ammonia, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• The elements of this group are quite similar in their physical and chemical properties.
• For example, all alkaline earth metals are silvery-white colored solids under standard conditions.
• They are also highly lustrous (shiny) and are quite reactive.
• The general electronic configuration of these elements is ns*²*.
• Since the alkaline earth metals have a completely full s-orbital in their respective valence shells, they tend to readily lose two electrons to form cations with a charge of +2.
• Thus, the most common oxidation state exhibited by alkaline earth metals is +2.
• Elements whose atoms have their s-subshell filled with their two valence electrons are called alkaline earth metals. Their general electronic configuration is [Noble gas] ns².
• They occupy the second column of the periodic table and are so-called group two metals also.
• They occupy successive periods from first to seven of this radium is a radioactive element**.**
• Alkaline earth metals form amalgams with mercury.

Additional Information

• Vinegar
• It is an aqueous solution of acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings.
• Vinegar typically contains 5–8% acetic acid by volume. Usually, acetic acid is produced by the fermentation of ethanol or sugars by acetic acid bacteria.
• Saliva
• It is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.
• In humans, saliva is 98% water plus electrolytes, mucus, white blood cells, epithelial cells, enzymes, antimicrobial agents such as secretory IgA, and lysozymes.
• Acid rain, or acid deposition
• It is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms.
• This can include rain, snow, fog, hail, or even dust that is acidic.

The correct answer is H, He, Li, Be, and B.

Key Points

• The periodic table
• It is a tabular display where all the elements are organized according to their chemical properties.
• The periodic table modern has 18 groups and 7 periods.
• Dimitri Mendeleev started the configuration of atoms according to their atomic number.
• Mendeleev classified all the 63 elements discovered in 1871 in Mendeleev’s periodic table based on the increasing order of their atomic mass and the formula of their hydrides and oxides.
• It is a table in which elements are classified on the basis of similarity in properties.
• Classification is essential so that the properties of elements can be studied conveniently.
• Hydrogen was kept in Group 1. It was the only element in the first period.
• The second period had Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F.
• Hence, Option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is Mohenjo-Daro.

Key Points

• Mohenjo Daro, or Mound of the Dead 
• It is an ancient Indus Valley Civilization city that flourished between 2600 and 1900 BCE.
• It is located in the Larkana district of Sind province in Pakistan. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
• Mohenjo-Daro was the most important Harappan city.
• The meaning of Mohenjo-Daro is “Mound of the dead” and Mohenjo-Daro is the best known Indus site.
• It is located in Sindh, Pakistan, next to the Indus River.
• Here the Great Bath, uniform buildings and weights, hidden drains, and other hallmarks of the civilization were discovered in the 1920s.
• At Mohenjo-Daro, most unicorn seals have been found.
• Due to a rising water table, most of the site remains unexcavated, and its earliest levels have not been reached.
• The Mohenjo-Daro also has two mounds.
• The western mound is lower which was a citadel with 200 m X 400 m and the eastern is bigger which was having the relics of a buried city of size 400×800 meters.
• Mohenjo-Daro was the largest city of the Indus valley civilization.
• Both Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro can be called the capital cities of the civilization.

Additional Information

• Alamgirpur
• ​it is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization that thrived along Yamuna River from the Harappan-Bara period, located in Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh, India.
• It is the easternmost site of civilization.
• Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about 24 km west of Sahiwal.
• The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River which now runs 8 km to the north.
• The current village of Harappa is less than 1 km from the ancient site.
• Rangpur
• It is an ancient archaeological site near Vanala on the Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, western India.
• Lying on the tip between the Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch, it belongs to the period of the Indus Valley Civilization and lies to the northwest of the larger site of Lothal.

The correct answer is Majnun Shah.

Key Points

• Majnun Shah
• He was a faqir (Sufi saint) of the Madariya Sufi order founded by Syed Badiuduin Qutb-ul Shah Madar.
• His headquarters were at the shrine of Shah Madar in Makanpur near Kanpur.
• He actively participated in the Fakir-Sannyasi Rebellion, and joined in many battles against the British East India Company with his ‘pious team’.
• He was the founder leader of Muslim Faqirs. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• Majnu Shah or Fakir Majnu Shah Burhan (died1787) was a fakir (Sufi saint) from today's Uttar Pradesh.
• Who actively participated in the Fakir-Sannyasi Revolt.
• The Fakir, directed by Chirag Ali Shah, won Major strength and attacked English factories, seized their items, cash, guns, and weapons.
• Due to the prohibition imposed on their pilgrimage by the East India Company, the Sanyasis and Fakirs revolted against Britain from 1763 to 1800 AD.
• Today, in parts of North India, the Madariyya order still thrives, and thousands attend annual ern.
• A party of roaming Muslim religious mendicants was the Fakirs.
• Soon after the annexation of Bengal in 1776-77.
• The chief of these fakirs, Majnun Shah, started to levy contributions on the zamindars and peasants and, defied by the British Authority.
• Chirag Ali shah, supported by Pathans, Rajputs, and the disbanded Indian soldiers, extended the operations to the northern districts of Bengal.
• Two well-known Hindu rulers supported him. They were Pathak Bhawani and Chaudhaurani Devi.

Additional Information

• Tipu Sultan
• Born in November 1750, Tipu Sultan was Haidar Ali’s son and a great warrior, also known as the Tiger of Mysore.
• He was a well-educated man fluent in Arabic, Persian, Kanarese, and Urdu.
• Mysore had grown in strength under the leadership of powerful rulers like Haidar Ali (ruled from 1761 to 1782) and his famous son Tipu Sultan (ruled from 1782 to 1799).
• Tipu introduced a number of administrative innovations during his rule, including his coinage, a new Mauludi lunisolar calendar, and a new land revenue system which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry.
• Embracing western military methods like artillery and rockets alongside traditional Indian weapons including war elephants, he ensured his forces could overwhelm his Indian rivals and match the British armies sent against him.

The correct answer is both House of Parliament.

Key Points

• Impeachment against the President of India
• Impeachment is a quasijudicial procedure in Parliament, Either House may prefer the charge of violation of the Constitution before the other House which shall then either investigate the charge Itself or cause the charge to be investigated.
• Article 61 of the constitution provides for the Impeachment of the President of India.
• The President can be removed from office by impeachment for violation of the Constitution.
• The charges of impeachment can be initiated in either house of the Parliament. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• The charges need to be signed by 1/4^th of the members of the House and a 14-day notice should be given to the President.
• After the impeachment resolution is passed by a majority of the two-thirds of the majority of that House, it is sent to the other to investigate upon the charges.
• If the other house also passes the resolution for impeachment by a majority of two-thirds of the total membership of that House, the President then stands impeached from his office from the date on which the resolution has been passed.
• But the charge cannot be preferred by a House unless a resolution containing the proposal is moved after a 14 days' notice in writing signed by not less than 1/4 of the total number of members of that House, and the resolution Is then passed by a majority of not less than 2/3 of the total membership of the House.
• The President shall have a right to appear and to be represented at such an investigation.

The correct answer is decreases slightly.

Key Points

• The standard value of 9.8 ms^-2 refers to the Earth as a homogeneous sphere, but in reality, there are many reasons for this value to range from a minimum of 9.78 ms^-2 at the Equator to a maximum of 9.83 ms^-2  at the poles.
• The gravitational force at the earth's center is zero.
• The further you go away from earth, the lesser the gravitational force you experience.
• As you go down into a well, your weight decreases slightly. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• And closer you come to the surface of the earth, a more gravitational force acts on you. This is because of the inverse square law.
• But as you keep on moving towards the center of the earth, the gravitational force acting, by the virtue of earth's mass, on you will gradually abate and ultimately go zero once you reach the earth's center.
• Not because there is no gravitational force down there but because at the center you will be completely surrounded or enveloped by the earth, as a result, you will be pulled by equal forces in all directions.
• Hence all the gravitational force lines will cancel out each other leaving you with zero net force.

The correct answer is at the Center of the Earth.

Key Points

• Earth is not a perfect sphere. Its radius at the equator is greater than the poles. Acceleration due to gravity is inversely proportional to the square of its radius.
• So, the acceleration due to gravity is greatest at poles.
• Hence, from the relation, W = mg, it is clear that weight is highest at the poles.
• We know that the weight of the body is the product of mass and acceleration due to gravity and the acceleration due to gravity increases with latitude.
• Now the latitude is minimum at the equator and maximum at the poles So, acceleration due to gravity and hence weight is maximum at the poles and minimum at the equator.
• Acceleration due to gravity g varies slightly over the surface of Earth, so the weight of an object depends on its location and is not an intrinsic property of the object.
• The weight of an object is minimum when it is placed at the center of the earth because when an object is in the center, experiences gravitational pull from all directions & the weight of an object maximum on earth is on the poles. Hence, Option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

The correct answer is barium.

Explanation:

• The colors in fireworks come from a simple source: pure chemistry.
• They’re created by the use of metal salts.
• These salts are different from table salt, and in chemistry ‘salt’ refers to any compound that contains metal and non-metal atoms.
• Some of these compounds produce intense colors when they are burned, which makes them ideal for fireworks.
• Others, like potassium nitrate, sulfur and charcoal are often used to help the fireworks burn.
• Nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates provide oxygen for the combustion of the fuel.
• Dextrin, often used as a starch, holds the mixture together. Some colors can be strengthened with the use of chlorine donors.
• Metal salts commonly used in firework displays include strontium carbonate (red fireworks), calcium chloride (orange fireworks), sodium nitrate (yellow fireworks), barium chloride (green fireworks), and copper chloride (blue fireworks). Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• Purple fireworks are typically produced by the use of a mixture of strontium (red) and copper (blue) compounds.
• Barium is a silvery-white metal that can be found in the environment, where it exists naturally.

Additional Information

• Barium
• It occurs combined with other chemicals, such as sulfur, carbon or oxygen.
• Barium oxidizes in air, reacts vigorously with water to form the hydroxide, liberating hydrogen.
• Barium reacts with almost all the non-metals, forming often poisoning compounds.
• Barium is often used in barium-nickel alloys for spark-plug electrodes and vacuum tubes as a drying and oxygen-removing agent.
• It is also used in fluorescent lamps: impure barium sulfide phosphoresces after exposure to the light.
• Barium compounds are used by the oil and gas industries to make drilling mud. Drilling mud simplifies drilling through rocks by lubricating the drill.
• Sodium
• It is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11.
• It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal.
• Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table.
• Its only stable isotope is ²³Na.
• The free metal does not occur in nature, and must be prepared from compounds.
• Potassium
• It is a chemical element with the symbol K and atomic number 19.
• Potassium is a silvery-white metal that is soft enough to be cut with a knife with little force.
• Potassium metal reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to form flaky white potassium peroxide in only seconds of exposure.
• Mercury
• It is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
• It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum.

The correct answer is a - 2, b - 1, c - 4, d - 3.

Key Points

• Carbohydrates
• It is a macronutrient and is one of the three main ways by which our body obtains its energy.
• They are called carbohydrates as they comprise carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen at their chemical level.
• Carbohydrates are essential nutrients that include sugars, fibers, and starches.
• They are found in grains, vegetables, fruits, and milk, and other dairy products.
• They are the basic food groups that play an important role in a healthy life.
• The food containing carbohydrates is converted into glucose or blood sugar during the process of digestion by the digestive system.
• Our body utilizes this sugar as a source of energy for the cells, organs, and tissues.
• Starchy foods are our main source of carbohydrates and have an important role in a healthy diet. Starchy foods – such as potatoes, bread, rice, pasta, and cereals.
• Pepsin
• It is an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
• It is produced in the gastric chief cells of the stomach lining and is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive systems of humans and many other animals, where it helps digest the proteins in food.
• Progesterone
• It is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
• It belongs to a group of steroid hormones called progestogens and is the major progestogen in the body.
• Keratin
• It is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins known as scleroproteins.
• α-Keratin is a type of keratin found in invertebrates.
• It is the key structural material making upscales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, calluses, and the outer layer of skin among vertebrates.
• Hence, Option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Massachusetts Assembly.

Key Points

• No Taxation without Representation
• It is a slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s that summarized a primary grievance of the American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution.
• The slogan 'No Taxation without Representation was first raised during the American Revolution in Massachusetts Assembly. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• No taxation without representation was a colonial American slogan in the years running up to the American Revolution.
• It emphasized the position of the colonists that they were being unfairly taxed and did not have proper representation as Englishmen in the British Parliament.
• In the 1700s, Great Britain imposed new laws on the 13 American colonies, inspiring them to seek their independence.
• The slogan 'No Taxation without Representation' reflected their desire for a representative government and freedom from tyranny.

Additional Information

• Boston Tea Party
• It was an incident that took place in 1773.
• Around 342 trunks of tea belonging to the British East India Company were thrown away from ships into the Boston Harbour by American nationalists camouflaged as Mohawk Indians.
• Philadelphia Congress
• The representatives of 13 colonies met at Philadelphia (1774) for the first continental congress.
• Their appeal for just treatment was rejected by the king and their actions were declared as mutiny.
• The War started in 1775 with colonial militias clashing against British troops for the first time.
• The congress met again in the Second continental congress (1776) and declared independence on July 4.
• The declaration, among other things, asserted the inalienable rights of men that had to be protected.
• This was later elaborated in the Bill of rights. Indian constitution adopted fundamental rights from the Bill of rights of the USA.

The correct answer is Japan.

Key Points

• Thangjam Dhabali Singh from Manipur has been conferred the 'Order of Rising Sun' by the Japanese government to better understand Japan in India and deepen ties between the two countries. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
• The Order of the Rising Sun' is conferred on persons with achievements in international relations, promotion of Japanese culture, environmental preservation, welfare, or achievements in their fields.
• It was constituted by Japanese Emperor Meiji in 1875.
• Thangjam Dhabali Singh, an allopathic doctor by profession and founder of the Manipur Tourism Forum (MTF), was conferred the 'Order of Rising Sun - Gold and Silver Rays' by the Japanese government.
• The Japanese government conferred the decoration on Singh while announcing the names of the foreign recipients of the Spring Decoration, 2020.
• Singh had organized the 70^th anniversary of the Battle of Imphal of the Second World War.
• Several Japanese citizens, including officials from the Embassy of Japan in India, had participated in the event.
• With support from the Sasakawa Peace Foundation and the Nippon Foundation of Japan, the Imphal Peace Foundation was launched on June 22 last year.

The correct answer is 

Key Points

• The World Press Freedom Day 
• It is observed on 3^rd May, every year.
• The day was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in December 1993, following the recommendation of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) General Conference.
• Since then, 3^rd May, the anniversary of the Declaration of Windhoek is celebrated worldwide as World Press Freedom Day.
• The day acts as a reminder to governments of the need to respect their commitment to press freedom.
• It is an opportunity to:
• Celebrate the fundamental principles of press freedom.
• Assess the state of press freedom throughout the world.
• Defend the media from attacks on their independence.
• Pay tribute to journalists who have lost their lives in the line of duty.
• The theme for 2020: Journalism without Fear or Favour. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• UNESCO is launching a global campaign on media and social media channels, with a focus on this year’s theme in an increasingly complex media landscape.
• The sub-themes for this year are:
• Safety of Women and Men Journalists and Media Workers.
• Independent and Professional Journalism free from Political and Commercial Influence.
• Gender Equality in All Aspects of the Media.

The correct answer is Mushroom.

Key Points

• Mushroom
• Mushroom is a Heterotrophic Plant.
• Heterotrophic means which depends on others for food. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• They cannot make their food themselves as Autotrophs.
• Also, they are a non-green plant that doesn't part in photosynthesis.
• While others are Autotrophs; they can make their food themselves.
• Also, they can take part in photosynthesis as they are green plants
• Mushroom is a Fungi.
• Scientific Name: "Agaricus bisporus" (Edible Mushroom).
• Any of various fungi having a stalk topped by a fleshy, often umbrella-shaped cap.
• Ecology of Mushrooms:
• Sporophores: The spore-producing organ of a fungus or slime mold.
• Two types of Sporophores are: The term Mushroom is used to identify the edible sporophores,
• The term Toadstool is often reserved for inedible or poisonous sporophores.
• Mushrooms contain no chlorophyll which means they can not photosynthesize.
• Mushrooms are a low-calorie source of fibre, protein, and antioxidants.
• Mushrooms are a good source of B vitamins.

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Key Points

• Parliamentary Committee
• A committee is called a parliamentary committee if it meets the following requirements :
• Appointed by the house or nominated by the speaker or chairman.
• Work under the direction of the speaker.
• It should present its report to the house or the speaker or chairman.
• It should have a secretariat provided by the Lok Sabha or Rajya sabha.
• The constitution of India makes a mention of these committees at different places, but without making any specific provisions regarding their composition, tenure, functions, etc. all these matters are dealt with by the rules of two houses.
• Public Accounts Committee:
• It came into existence from the provisions of the government of India act 1919.
• Consists of 15 members elected by the Lok Sabha and 7 members of the Rajya Sabha
• A Minister is not eligible for election to this Committee.
• Term: one year
• Chairman: appointed by the speaker and chairman is invariably from the opposition.
• Estimates Committee:
• Consists of 30 members who are elected by the Lok Sabha every year from amongst its members.
• A Minister is not eligible for election to this Committee.
• Term: one year.
• Chairman: appointed by the speaker and he is invariably from the ruling party.
• Public undertakings:
• Created on the recommendation of Krishna Menon committee.
• Consists of 15 members elected by the Lok Sabha and 7 members of the Rajya Sabha
• Minister is not eligible for election to this Committee
• Term: one year
• Chairman: appointed from members of Lok sabha only and he is appointed by the speaker.
• Hence, Option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is ​for six years or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.

Key Points

• Election Commission of India:
• The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India.
• It was established following the Constitution on 25^th January 1950 (celebrated as national voters' day). The secretariat of the commission is located in New Delhi.
• The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country.
• It is not concerned with the elections to panchayats and municipalities in the states. For this, the Constitution of India provides for a separate State Election Commission.
• Part XV (Article 324-329) of the Indian Constitution: It deals with elections, and establishes a commission for these matters.
• Originally the commission had only one election commissioner but after the Election Commissioner Amendment Act 1989, it has been made a multi-member body
• The Election Commission shall consist of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and two other election commissioners, if any, as the President may from time to time fix.
• Presently, it consists of the CEC and two Election Commissioners.
• At the state level, the election commission is helped by the Chief Electoral Officer who is an IAS rank Officer.
• The President appoints CEC and Election Commissioners.
• They have a fixed tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• They enjoy the same status and receive salary and perks as available to Judges of the Supreme Court (SC) of India.
• They can resign anytime or can also be removed before the expiry of their term.
• The CEC can be removed from office only through a process of removal similar to that of an SC judge by Parliament.

The correct answer is the Chief Minister of Madras, whereby the senior ministers were asked to leave the government and work to rejuvenate the party.

Key Points

• In 1954 Kamaraj was elected chief minister for Madras state, and in 1957 he won a seat in the state legislative assembly.
• While in office he was credited with greatly advancing education in the state through programs that built new schools, introduced compulsory education, and provided meals and free uniforms for students.
• His administration improved the state’s economy by implementing a large number of irrigation projects and enacting laws that protected small farmers from exploitation by landlords.
• In 1963 he voluntarily left office under what came to be known as the Kamaraj Plan, which called for the voluntary resignations of high-level national and state officials to devote their efforts to rebuilding the Congress Party at the grassroots level following India’s disastrous border war with China. Hence Option 1 is correct.
• Soon thereafter he was appointed president of the party.
• He was largely responsible for placing Lal Bahadur Shastri in the prime ministership in 1964 and Indira Gandhi in 1966—both times defeating the future prime minister and Gandhi opponent Morarji Desai.
• Kamaraj was defeated in the 1967 state legislative elections.
• Soon after, he was maneuvered out of the party leadership by Gandhi as she consolidated her power.
• In January 1969 he won a by-election to the Lok Sabha, and later that year he was part of an old-guard leaders’ group that tried to remove Gandhi from power.
• The party split, however, leaving Kamaraj and his associates with a small splinter group.
• He nonetheless won reelection to his seat in 1971 and retained it until his death.
• Kamaraj’s low social origins contributed to his success in bringing low-caste and Dalit (formerly “untouchable”) voters into the Congress fold.
• He underscored his strong belief in personal contact by visiting nearly all the villages in his state more than once.
• In 1976 he was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award.

Given:

sin (A + B) = √3/2 and tan (A - B) = 1/√3

Concept Used:

sin 60° = √3/2

tan 30° = 1/√3

Calculation:

sin (A + B) = √3/2

as we know sin 60° = √3/2

(A + B) = 60      ----(i)

tan (A - B) = 1/√3

We know tan 30° = 1/√3

(A - B) = 30      ----(ii)

Add equation i and ii

A = (60 + 30) / 2

A = 45° 

B = (60 - 30) / 2

B = 15° 

2A + 3B = 90 + 45 = 135°

Given:

P can complete a work in 12 days working 8 hours a day.

Q can complete the same work in 8 days working 10 hours a day.  

Both P and Q work together, working 8 hours a day.

Concept Used:

Total work = Number of days × Efficiency

Calculation:

Work done by P = 12 × 8 = 96 units.

Work done by Q = 8 × 10 = 80 units.

Total work = LCM of 96 and 80.

Total work = 480 units.

Efficiency of P = 480/96 = 5 unit.

Efficiency of Q = 480/80 = 6 unit.

Both P and Q work together, working 8 hours a day.

P and Q will finish the work in 480 / (5 + 6) × 8.

⇒ 480/88

⇒ 60/11 = \(5\frac{5}{11}\)days.

Given:

Train A travelling at 63 km/h takes 27 seconds to cross train B.

when travelling in opposite direction whereas it takes 162 seconds to overtake it when travelling in the same direction.

The length of train B is 500 m

Concept Used:

Distance = Speed × time

Relative speed in same direction = (x - y) km/hr

Relative speed in opposite direction = (x + y) km/hr

Calculation:

Travelling in opposite direction time taken = 27 seconds

Time taken in same direction = 162 seconds

Time = 27 : 162

Time = 1 : 6

Speed = 6 : 1

(x + y) : (x - y) = 6 : 1

⇒ x : y = 7 : 5

Length of train A = La

Length of train B = Lb

speed of train A = Va

Speed of train B = Vb

Vb = 45 km/hr

(La + Lb) / (Va + Vb) = 27 / 3600

(La + 0.5) / 108 = 27 / 3600

La = 0.31 km or 310 meters

Given:

A regular hexagon ABCDEF and two towers placed at B and D.

Angle of elevation from A to the top of the tower at B is 30°.

Angle of elevation from A to the top of the tower at D is 45°.

Concept Used:

Each angle of a regular hexagon is equal to 120°.

There are diagonals of two different lengths in a regular hexagon. The shortest is √3a and the longest is 2a, where a is the length of a side of the hexagon.

 

Calculation:

Let AB = a and BM and DN be the towers at B and D respectively.

In ΔABM, BM = AB tan 30° = \(\rm\frac{a}{\sqrt3}\).

In ΔADN, DN = AD tan 45° = 2a.

Required ratio is BM : DN = \(\rm\frac{a}{\sqrt3}\) : 2a = 1 : 2√3.

Given:

It takes 20 minutes for the angle of depression to change from 30° to 60°.

Concept Used:

Values of Trigonometric Ratios for Common Angles:

 

Calculation:

Let AB be the tower and C₁, C₂ be the positions of the car.

In ΔABC1, AB = BC₁ tan 30^∘ = (BC₂ + C₂C₁) × \(1\over\sqrt3\)              ... (1)

Also, in ΔABC₂, AB = BC2 tan 60∘ = √3BC2              ... (2)

From (1) and (2), we get:

3BC₂ = BC₂ + C₂C₁

⇒ C2C1 = 2BC2

⇒ C₂C1 : BC₂ = 2 : 1

So, if the car takes 20 minutes to cover C2C1, it will take 10 minutes to cover BC₂.

Given:

Dividend = N = (243 + 253 + 263 + 273)

Divisor = x = 102

Concept Used:

a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² - ab + b²)

Calculation:

It can be observed that N is an even number, i.e. it is a multiple of 2.

Also, 243 + 273 = (24 + 27) (242 - 24×27 + 272) = 51(an integer).

And, 253 + 263 = (25 + 26) (252 - 25×26 + 262) = 51(an integer).

Therefore, N is also a multiple of 51.

Now since the divisor is x = 102 = 51 × 2, we can say that x will completely divide N which is an even number and a multiple of 51 as well.

Given:

Total capacity of the jar = x litres.

Quantity withdrawn and replaced in each process = q = 25% of x = \(\rm x\over4\).

Quantity of milk after repeating the process for n = 3 times = 108 litres.

Cost price = Rs. 28 per litre.

Selling price = Rs. 20/litre, Rs. 18/litre, Rs. 16/litre and Rs. 15/ litre 

Concept Used:

Final quantity = \(\rm x\left(1-\frac{q}{x}\right)^n\),

Where x is the total quantity and q is the amount withdrawn and replaced.

n = number of replacement

Calculation:

Let's first calculate the value of x by using:

108 = \(\rm x\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)^3\)

⇒ x = 256 litres.

Total cost price = 256 × 28 = Rs. 7168.

25% of 256 = (25/100) × 256 = 64 litres.

Total selling price = 64(20 + 18 + 16) + (256 × 15) = Rs. 7296.

Profit = 7296 - 7168 = Rs. 128.

Confusion PointsAlthough, after replacement, milk remains only 108 litres, the total mixture of milk and water will remain 256 litres. Therefore, to calculate the selling price, we have to multiply 15 by 256, not 108.

Given:

Initial total number of pens = x.

Three customers buy 10%, 20% and 25% of the pens available (remaining) to them.

Final number of pens = 270.

Concept Used:

The final number after consecutive changes of a%, b%, c% etc. is n = \(\rm x\left(1\pm\frac{a}{100}\right)\left(1\pm\frac{b}{100}\right)\left(1\pm\frac{c}{100}\right)...\), where a '+' or '-' indicates an 'increase' or 'decrease' respectively.

Calculation:

Final number of pens:

270 = \(\rm x\left(1-\frac{10}{100}\right)\left(1-\frac{20}{100}\right)\left(1-\frac{25}{100}\right)\)

⇒ 270 = \(\rm x\left(\frac{9}{10}\right)\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)\)

⇒ x = 500

Given:

Cost of packaging = 20% of the cost of oranges.

Cost of oranges increases by 30%.

Cost of packaging decreases by 50%.

Cost of packed oranges = Cost of oranges + Cost of packaging.

Concept Used:

The final number after consecutive changes of a%, b%, c% etc. is n = \(\rm x\left(1\pm\frac{a}{100}\right)\left(1\pm\frac{b}{100}\right)\left(1\pm\frac{c}{100}\right)...\), where a '+' or '-' indicates an 'increase' or 'decrease' respectively.

Percentage change = \(\rm\frac{\text{Final Value - Initial Value}}{\text{Initial Value}}\times100\).

Calculation:

Let the cost of oranges = 5x.

Cost of packaging = 20% of cost of oranges = 20% of 5x = x.

Total cost of packed oranges = cost of oranges + cost of packaging = 5x + x = 6x.

 

Now, new cost of oranges = 5x + (30% of 5x) = 5x + 1.5x = 6.5x.

And, new cost of packaging = x - (50% of x) = x - 0.5x = 0.5x.

New cost of packed oranges = 6.5x + 0.5x = 7x.

 

Percentage change in the cost of packed oranges = \(\rm\frac{7x-6x}{6x}\times100\) = 16.66%.

Given:

Average monthly expenditure for the first three months = Rs. 2,750.

Average monthly expenditure for the next three months = Rs. 2,940.

Average monthly expenditure for the last three months = Rs. 3,150.

Savings for nine months = Rs. 4,980.

Concept Used:

Average = \(\rm\frac{\text{Sum of Values}}{\text{Number of Values}}\).

Income - Expenditure = Savings.

Calculation:

Total (sum of) expenditure of first three months = Rs. 2750×3.

Similarly, total expenditure of all nine months = 2750 × 3 + 2940 × 3 + 3150 × 3 = Rs. 26,520.

Total income of nine months = Expenditure + Savings = 26520 + 4980 = Rs. 31,500.

Average monthly income = 31500 ÷ 9 = Rs. 3,500.

Given:

A man gave 50% of his savings of Rs. 1,68,200 to his wife.

He divided the remaining sum among his sons Abid and Bisth of 15 years and 13 years of age respectively.

He divided it in such a way that each of his sons when they attain the age of 20 years, would receive the same amount of 5% compound interest per annum.

Concept Used:

Amount = Principal × \(\rm\left(1+\frac{r}{100}\right)^n\), where r is the rate of compound interest and n is the time.

Calculation:

Total share received by both the sons = 50% of 168200 = Rs. 84,100.

Let the share received by Abid be Rs. x.

The share received by Bisth will be Rs. (84100 - x).

When they will reach 20 years of age, we must have:

x\(\rm\left(1+\frac{5}{100}\right)^5\) = (84100 - x)\(\rm\left(1+\frac{5}{100}\right)^7\)

⇒ x(1.05)⁵ = (84100 - x)(1.05)⁷

⇒ x = (84100 - x)(1.05)²

⇒ x = 44100

Share of Bisht = 84100 - 44100 = Rs. 40,000.

Given:

Average monthly expenditure for the first four months = Rs. 260.

Average monthly expenditure for the next five months = Rs. 40 more than Rs 260 = Rs. 300.

Total expenditure for the last three months = Rs. 560.

Annual income = Rs. 5,000.

Concept Used:

Average = \(\rm\frac{\text{Sum of Values}}{\text{Number of Values}}\).

Income - Expenditure = Savings.

Calculation:

Total expenditure for the first four months = Rs. 260×4.

Similarly, total expenditure of the year = 260×4 + 300×5 + 560 = Rs. 3,100.

% expenditure = \({3100\over5000}\times100\) = 62%.

% savings = 100 - 62 = 38%.

Given:

Pratap lent Rs. 21,600 to be divided between his two sons, aged 9 years and 11 years.

The investments of the sons are in the ratio of 51 : 57 respectively.

Both of them would get an equal amount at certain age when lent at rate of 10% SI per annum.

Concept Used:

Amount = P + (P*r *n)/100, we can say that.

Amount = Principal × \(\rm\left(1+\frac{rn}{100}\right)\), where r is the rate of Simple interest and n is the time.

Calculation:

Let's say that the sons get an equal amount at the age of x years.

We must have:

51\(\rm\left[1+\frac{10(x-9)}{100}\right]\) = 57\(\rm\left[1+\frac{10(x-11)}{100}\right]\)

⇒ 510 + 51x - 459 = 570 + 57x - 627

⇒ 6x = 108

⇒ x = 18 years.

Given:

A water reservoir has two inlets which can fill it in 3 hours and \(3 \frac{3}{4}\) hours respectively.

It has one outlet which can empty it completely in 1 hour.

The two inlets are opened at 4:00 pm and 5:00 pm respectively and the outlet at 6:00 pm.

Concept Used:

Work = Time × Efficiency

Calculation:

Let the total capacity of the reservoir be 60 litres.

Efficiency of first inlet = 60 ÷ 3 = 20 litres/hour.

Efficiency of second inlet = 60 ÷ \(\frac{15}{4}\) = 16 litres/hour.

Efficiency of outlet = 60 ÷ 1 = 60 litres/hour.

Total volume filled from 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm by the inlets = 20×2 + 16×1 = 56 litres.

Net efficiency of all inlets and outlets = 20 + 16 - 60 = -24 litre/hour.

Time taken to empty 56 litres after 6:00 pm = Work ÷ Efficiency = 56 ÷ 24 = \(2{1\over3}\) hours = 2 hours 20 minutes.

The reservoir will be emptied at 8:20 pm.

Given:

ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral whose side AB is a diameter of the circle through A, B and C.

∠ADC = 130°.

Concept Used:

The angle subtended by a chord at the center is double of the angle subtended by it on the circle.

Calculation:

∠ADC = 130°.

⇒ major∠AOC = 2×130°.= 260°.

⇒ minor∠AOC = 360°.- 260° = 100°.

Now, AC is also a chord and ∠ABC = ∠AOC/2

⇒ ∠ABC = 100° ÷ 2 = 50°.

Also, ∠ACB is the angle of right-angle triangle which is equal to 90°.

∴ In ΔABC, 

∠CAB + 50° + 40° = 180° - (90° + 50°) = 40°.

∠CAB = 40°.

∴ The required angle is 40°.

Given:

a = 7 - 4√3

a1/2 + a-1/2

Concept Used:

(a ± b)² = a² + b² ± 2ab

Calculation:

It can be observed that a = 7 - 4√3 = (2)² + (√3)² - 2(2)(√3) = (2 - √3)².

Now, a1/2 + a-1/2

= \(\left(2-\sqrt3\right)+\frac{1}{\left(2-\sqrt3\right)}\)

= \(\left(2-\sqrt3\right)+\frac{\left(2+\sqrt3\right)}{\left(2-\sqrt3\right)\left(2+\sqrt3\right)}\)

= (2 - √3) + (2 + √3)

= 4.

Given:

0.42 × 100k = 42

Concept Used:

If a^x = a^y, then x = y if |a| ≠ (0, 1).

Calculation:

0.42 × 100k = 42

⇒ \(\rm{42\over100}\times100^k=42\)

⇒ 100^k = 100

⇒ k = 1.

Given:

2250, 3150, 5100, 4200

Concept Used:

If a, b, c etc. are each > 1,  then a^x > b^x > c^x, if a > b > c etc.

Calculation:

Let us change all the given numbers to the same index (power), in order to compare them.

The HCF of the powers 250, 150, 100 and 200 is 50.

2250 = 25×50 = (2⁵)⁵⁰ = 32⁵⁰

3150 = 33×50 = (33)50 = 2750

5100, = 52×50 = (52)50 = 2550

4200. = 44×50 = (44)50 = 25650

It can be seen that 25⁵⁰ = 5¹⁰⁰ is the smallest.

Given:

A gardener plants 17956 trees.

There are as many rows as there are trees in a row.

Concept Used:

Squares and Square Roots.

Calculation:

Let the number of trees in each row be n.

The number of rows will also be equal to n.

Total number of trees planted = n × n = 17956.

⇒ n² = 17956

⇒ n = 134.

∴ The number of trees in a row is 134.

Given:

Divisors 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8.

Concept Used:

All the powers in the prime factorization of perfect square numbers are even numbers (multiples of two).

Calculation:

LCM of 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 = 120

And 120 can be written as 2³ × 3 × 5

To make it perfect square we have to multiply it by 2 × 3 × 5 = 30

After multiplication,

The least such perfect square can be: 2⁴ × 3² × 5² = 3600.

Given:

A policeman is 114 m behind the thief.

The policeman runs 21 m and the thief runs 15 m every minute.

Concept Used:

Distance Covered = Relative Speed × Time

Calculation:

Relative speed of the policeman = 21 - 15 = 6 m per minute.

Time taken to cover 114 m with this speed = Distance ÷ Relative Speed = 114 ÷ 6 = 19 minutes.

Given:

9972 + 9982 + 9992 - (997 × 998) - (998 × 999) - (999 × 997)

Concept Used:

(a + b)(a - b) = a² - b²

Calculation:

It can be observed that:

997 × 998 = 997 × (997 + 1) = 9972 + 997.

998 × 999 = (999 - 1) × 999 = 9992 - 999.

999 × 997 = (998 + 1)(998 - 1) = 998² - 1.

Finally, 9972 + 9982 + 9992 - (997 × 998) - (998 × 999) - (999 × 997)

= 9972 + 9982 + 9992 - (9972 + 997) - (9992 - 999) - (9982 - 1)

= 9972 + 9982 + 9992 - 9972 - 997 - 999² + 999 - 998² + 1

= 999 - 997 +1 = 2 + 1

= 3.

Given:

aAb implies a + b, aMb implies a - b, aPb implies a × b and aQb implies a ÷ b.

30Q10A4P2M2 = 15

5P2A4Q2P2 = 14

2Q3M5P6A7 = -5

Concept Used:

The mathematical operations take precedence as: BODMAS ⇒ Bracket > Of > Division > Multiplication > Addition > Subtraction.

Calculation:

1) 30Q10A4P2M2 = 15

⇒ 30 ÷ 10 + 4 × 2 - 2 = 15

⇒ 3 + 8 - 2 = 15

⇒ 9 = 15, incorrect.

 

2) 5P2A4Q2P2 = 14

⇒ 5 × 2 + 4 ÷ 2 × 2 = 14

⇒ 10 + 2 × 2 = 14

⇒ 10 + 4 = 14, correct.

 

3) 2Q3M5P6A7 = -5

⇒ 2 ÷ 3 - 5 × 6 + 7 = -5

⇒ 0.66 - 30 + 7 = -5. incorrect.

Given:

Ramesh rows in still water with a speed of 4.5 km/h.

The river is flowing with a speed of 1.5 km/h.

Concept Used:

If the distance is same, then the average speed of two speeds u and v is: s = \(\rm 2uv\over u+v\).

Calculation:

The speed in upstream = u = 4.5 - 1.5 = 3 km/h.

The speed in downstream = v = 4.5 + 1.5 = 6 km/h.

Average speed = \(\rm {2uv\over u+v}={2(3)(6)\over 3+6}\) = 4 km/h.

Given:

A rectangular block of wood having dimensions 3 m × 2 m × 1.75 m has to be painted on all its faces.

The layer of paint must be 0.1 mm thick.

Paint comes in cubical boxes having their edges equal to 10 cm.

Concept Used:

Volume = Length × Breadth × Height

Total Surface Area = 2(Length × Breadth + Breadth × Height + Length × Height)

Calculation:

Total Surface Area = 2(3×2 + 2×1.75 + 3×1.75) = 29.5 m² = 295000 cm².

Volume of paint required = Surface Area × Thickness = 295000 × (0.01) = 2950 cm³.

Volume of one box = 10×10×10 = 1000 cm³.

Number of boxes required = 2950 ÷ 1000 = 2.95 = 3 boxes.

Given:

Number of Computer Engineering books = 783.

Number of Mechanical Engineering books = 1107.

Number of Electronics Engineering books = 513.

These books have to be stacked in such a way that all the books are stored subject wise in a library and the height of each stack is the same.

Concept Used:

Highest Common Factor.

Calculation:

If the height of the stack is maximum, the number of stacks will be minimized.

The maximum stack height can be the HCF of 783, 1107 and 513.

783 = 3³ × 29

1107 = 3³ × 41

513 = 33 × 19

∴ The HCF is 3³.

Number of stacks = (783 ÷ 3³) + (1107 ÷ 33) + (513 ÷ 33) = 29 + 41 + 19 = 89.

Given:

\(\frac{215}{341}\), \(\frac{217}{339}\), \(\frac{219}{337}\), \(\frac{221}{335}\)

Concept Used:

If a fraction \(\rm\frac{a}{b}<1\) and it is approaching 1, then its value is increasing.

If a fraction \(\rm\frac{a}{b}>1\) and it is approaching 1, then its value is decreasing.

Calculation:

We can observe that \(\frac{215}{341}<1\).

If we increase the numerator and decrease the denominator, its value will reach 1 at some point, which means that its value will increase.

∴ \(\frac{221}{335}\) is the greatest.

Given:

Three taps of diameters 1 cm, 4/3 cm and 2 cm.

The ratio of the water flowing through them is equal to the ratio of the square of their diameters.

The biggest tap can fill the tank alone in 61 min.

All the taps are opened simultaneously.

Concept Used:

Work = Time × Efficiency

Calculation:

The ratio of efficiencies of the three taps = ratio of square of their diameters = (1)² : (4/3)² : (2)²= 9 : 16 : 36. 

[ ∵  {1 : 16/9 :4} = {9x1 :16 x 9/9 : 4 x 9} =  9 : 16 : 36 ] 

Total efficiency = 9 + 16 + 36 = 61.

Now, tap with efficiency 36, takes 61 minutes.

⇒ Tap with efficiency 1, will take 36×61 minutes. (total work)

⇒(total work / Total efficiency ) = 36×61 / 61 = 36

⇒ Tap with Total efficiency 61, will take 36 minutes.

i.e. It will take 36 minutes for the tank to get filled when all taps are opened simultaneously. 

Shortcut Trick

The ratio of efficiencies = (1)2 : (4/3)2 : (2)2= 9 : 16 : 36. 

Given The biggest tap can fill the tank alone in 61 min

So, Total work = 36 x 61 

Total efficiency = 9 + 16 + 36 = 61.

Then Total Time =(total work / Total efficiency ) = 36×61 / 61 = 36

Given:

202004 + 162004 - 32004 - 1.

Concept Used:

aⁿ - bⁿ = (a - b)(a^n-1 + a^n-2b + ... + b^n-1), or (an - bn) is divisible by (a - b).

a2n - b2n = [(a²)ⁿ - (b²)ⁿ] = (a² - b²)(other terms) = (a - b)(a + b)(other terms)

Calculation:

202004 + 162004 - 32004 - 1

= (202004 - 32004) + (162004 - 1)

These terms are divisible by (20 - 3) and (16 + 1), i.e. 17.

Also, 202004 + 162004 - 32004 - 1

= (202004 - 1) + (162004 - 3²⁰⁰⁴)

These terms are divisible by (20 - 1) and (16 + 3), i.e. 19.

Therefore, the given expression is divisible by 17 × 19 = 323.

Given:

A five-digit number N has all digits different and contains digits 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 only.

N is the smallest possible number that is divisible by 11.

Concept Used:

A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between sum of the digits at alternate places is a multiple of 11.

Calculation:

For the number to be the smallest, the digits at more significant places must be smaller.

We know that for a five digit number abcde to be divisible by 11, (a + c + e) - (b + d) = 11n.

The only possibility for the difference of the sum of the digits to be a multiple of 11 is (6 + 5 + 4) - (1 + 3) = 11.

Starting from the smallest numbers at the more significant places, we get:

4 1 5 3 6

The number at the tens place is 3.

Given:

x2 + y2 = 1.

x2 + 4xy - y2

Concept Used:

The maximum value of a sin θ + b cos θ is \(\rm\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\).

Calculation:

Since, x2 + y2 = 1, we can suppose x = cos θ and y = sin θ.

Now, x2 + 4xy - y2

= cos2 θ + 4 sin θ cos θ - sin2 θ

= (cos2 θ - sin2 θ) + 4 sin θ cos θ

= cos 2θ + 2 sin 2θ

Its maximum value is \(\rm\sqrt{1^2+2^2}\) = √5.

Given:

Compound interest on a certain amount for two years is Rs. 291.2.

Simple interest on the same amount is Rs. 280.

The rate of interest is same in both the cases,

Concept Used:

Amount = Principal × \(\rm\left(1+\frac{r}{100}\right)^n\), where r is the rate of compound interest and n is the time.

Amount = Principal × \(\rm\left(1+\frac{rn}{100}\right)\), where r is the rate of simple interest and n is the time.

Calculation:

It can be observed that:

Amount on Compound Interest for 2 years - Amount on Simple Interest for 2 years = 291.2 - 280

⇒ P\(\rm\left(1+\frac{r}{100}\right)^2\) - P\(\rm\left(1+\frac{2r}{100}\right)\) = 11.2

⇒ P\(\rm \left(\frac{r}{100}\right)^2\) = 11.2

⇒ \(\rm \left(P\times\frac{r}{100}\right)\left(\frac{r}{100}\right)\) = 11.2             ... (1)

Also, \(\rm P\times\frac{r}{100}\times2=280\).

⇒ \(\rm P\times\frac{r}{100}=140\)             ... (2)

Using equations (1) and (2), we get:

\(\rm \frac{r}{100}={11.2\over140}\)

⇒ r = 8.

Using equation (2), we get:

P = 14000 ÷ 8 = Rs. 1,750.

Given:

\(\rm\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}=r\)

Concept Used:

If ab = 0, then (a = 0) OR (b = 0).

Calculation:

\(\rm\frac{a}{b+c}=r\)

⇒ a = (b + c)r            ... (1)

Similarly, b = (a + c)r            ... (2)

And, c = (a + b)r            ... (3)

Adding equations (1), (2) and (3), we get:

⇒ a + b + c = [(b + c) + (a + c) + (a + b)]r

⇒ a + b + c = 2(a + b + c)r

⇒ (a + b + c) - 2(a + b + c)r = 0

⇒ (a + b + c)(1 - 2r) = 0

⇒ a + b + c = 0 OR 1 - 2r = 0

⇒ a = -(b + c) OR r = \(1\over2\)

⇒ \(\rm a\over b+c\) = -1 OR r = \(1\over2\)

⇒ r = -1 OR r = \(1\over2\).

Given:

A student gets an aggregate of 60% marks in five subjects in the ratio 10 : 9 : 8 : 7 : 6.

The passing marks are 50% of the maximum marks and each subject has the same maximum marks.

Concept Used:

Average = \(\rm\frac{\text{Sum of Values}}{\text{Number of Values}}\).

Calculation:

Let's say that the maximum marks of each of the five subjects are 100 and the scores in the five subjects are 10x, 9x, 8x, 7x and 6x.

According to the question:

10x + 9x + 8x + 7x + 6x = 60% of 500

⇒ 40x = 300

⇒ x = 7.5

Also, a score of 50 = (50 ÷ 7.5) × 7.5 = 6.66x.

The student got more than 6.66x in 4 subjects.

Given:

The cost of diamond varies directly as the square of its weight.

This diamond broke into four pieces with weights in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4.

When the pieces were sold, the merchant got Rs. 70,000 less.

Concept Used:

If A ∝ B, then we can write A = kB, for some constant k.

Calculation:

It is given that:

Price ∝ (Weight)²

⇒ Price = k(Weight)²

Let the weights of the four pieces now be x, 2x, 3x and 4x respectively.

New price = k(x)² + k(2x)2 + k(3x)2 + k(4x)2

= 30kx² 

Original price of unbroken diamond = k(x + 2x + 3x + 4x)2

= 100kx²

Reduction in price = 100kx² - 30kx² = 70kx² = Rs. 70,000.

⇒ kx² = 1000

And, original price = 100kx2 = Rs. 1,00,000.

Given:

Three friends went for a picnic.

The first brought five apples and the second brought three apples.

The third friend however brought only Rs. 8.

Concept Used:

The ratio of money shared = Ratio of apples shared.

Calculation:

Each person gets an apple.

First-person shared 5 - \(8\over3\) = \(7\over3\) apple with the third person.

The second person shared 3 - \(8\over3\) = \(1\over3\) apple with the third person.

So, the first and the second person should share the third person's Rs. 8 in the ratio: \(1\over3\) = 7 : 1.

The first person gets Rs. 7.

Mistake PointsHere's the thing. Suppose if there are three friends and they go for a picnic and two of them bring things to eat in the picnic and third-person brings only money, then money given by a third person is shared between the two who brought things to eat.

Money is divided into both in the ratio in which the third person gets to eat from both of them.

Given:

The reduction in the speed of an engine is directly proportional to the square of the number of bogies attached to it.

The speed of the train is 100 km/hr when there are 4 bogies and 55 km/hr when there are 5 bogies.

Concept Used:

If A ∝ B, then we can write A = kB, for some constant k.

Calculation:

Let's say that the speed of the engine without any bogies is x km/hr.

Now, (x - 100) ∝ 4²

⇒ x - 100 = 16k             ... (1)

And, x - 55 = k(5)² = 25k             ... (2)

Subtracting equation (1) from (2), we get:

9k = 45

⇒ k = 5

And, x = 16×5 + 100 = 180 km/hr.

For the train to not move, we must have reduction = x = 180 km/hr itself.

i.e. 180 - 0 = 5(n)²

⇒ n² = 36

⇒ n = 6.

So, the train can move with maximum 5 bogies attached.

Given:

To do a certain piece of work:

B would take three times as long as A and C together.

C would take twice as long as A and B together.

A, B and C working together can complete the work in 10 days.

Concept Used:

Work = Time × Efficiency

Calculation:

Let W be the total work and the efficiencies of A, B and C be x, y and z respectively.

A, B and C working together can complete the work in 10 days.

⇒ W = 10(x + y + z)             ... (1)

B would take three times as long as A and C together.

⇒ x + z = 3y

⇒ W = 10(y + 3y) = 40y             ... using (1)

⇒ y = \(\rm W\over40\)             ... (2)

Now, time taken by B to do the whole work = \(\rm{Work\over Efficiency}\) = \(\rm {W\over W/40}\) = 40 days.

Given:

Raman and Bose working separately can finish a work in 50 days and 40 days respectively.

They begin the work together and after 10 days, Bose goes away.

Concept Used:

Work = Time × Efficiency

Calculation:

For the same work, Raman and Bose take 50 days and 40 days respectively.

Ratio of their efficiency = 4 : 5.

Let their efficiencies be 4x and 5x respectively.

Total work = Time × Efficiency = 50 × 4x = 200x.

Work completed by both in 10 days = 10(4x + 5x) = 90x.

Remaining work = 200x - 90x = 110x.

Time taken by Raman to complete this remaining work = Work ÷ Efficiency = 110x ÷ 4x = 27.5 days = \(55\over2\) days.

Given:

A right ΔABC with right angle at ∠ABC.

AC = 2√5

AB - BC = 2

sec A + tan A

Concept Used:

Pythagoras' Theorem: In a right angled triangle:

Perpendicular² + Base² = Hypotenuse²

sec θ = \(\rm{\text{Hypotenuse}\over\text{Base}}\), tan θ = \(\rm{\text{Perpendicular}\over\text{Base}}\)

Calculation:

Let the side BC = x.

Then AB = 2 + BC = x + 2.

Using the Pythagoras' Theorem, we get:

x² + (x + 2)² = (2√5)²

⇒ x² + x² + 4x + 4 = 20

⇒ 2x² + 4x - 16 = 0

⇒ x2 + 2x - 8 = 0

⇒ x2 + 4x - 2x - 8 = 0

⇒ x(x + 4) - 2(x + 4) = 0

⇒ (x + 4)(x - 2) = 0

⇒ x + 4 = 0 OR x - 2 = 0

⇒ x = -4 OR x = 2

Since, x cannot be negative, we have:

BC = 2 and AB = 4.

sec A = \(\rm{AC\over AB}\) = \(\rm{2\sqrt5\over4}\)

tan A = \(\rm{BC\over AB}\) = \(\rm{2\over4}\)

And, sec A + tan A = \(\rm{2\sqrt5\over4}+{2\over4}\) = \(\frac{\sqrt5+1}{2}\).

By checking option:

(1) 3, 4 → 3 is a prime number and 4 is an even number.

(2) 4, 3 → 4 is an even number and 3 is a prime number.

(3) 5, 12 → 5 is a prime number and 12 is an even number.

(4) 20, 21 → 20 is an even number but 21 is not a prime number.

Implies every pair has an even number and a prime number except 20, 21.

Hence, 20, 21 does not belong to the others.

Additional Information

By checking options:

(1) 62 - 37 → 62 - 37 = 25

(2) 74 - 40 → 74 - 40 = 34 ≠ 25

(3) 94 - 69 → 94 - 69 = 25

(4) 103 - 78 → 103 - 78 = 25

Hence, 74 - 40 does not belong to the others.

Logic: Second is the oxygen-absorbing part of the first.

Lamellae is the oxygen-absorbing part of the Gills.

Similarly,

Alveoli are the oxygen-absorbing part of the Lungs.

Hence, alveoli are the correct answer.

Given: 

Only figure that can be the mirror image:

 →

Hence, A is the correct answer.

Given: 

The only image that can be the mirror image:

 → 

Hence, C is the correct answer.

By counting the triangles:

So, total triangle are 29.

Hence, 29 is the correct answer.

Alternate Method

CHI, CIJ, CDJ, CAD, ADE, JDE, APE, BPE, BEF, KEF, BFG, KFG, GKL, GLM -- total 14 single triangle.

CHJ, CAJ, CAE, CJE, AJE, ABE, EBK, BEG, KEG, BKG, GKM -- total 11 triangle made of combining 2 small traingle. 

BKM, HAJ, ABJ, ABK -- total 4 triangle made up of combining 4 small triangle.

Thus, total triangle is 14 + 11+ 4  = 29 triangle.

Hence, 29 is the correct answer.

By counting Triangles:

ABI, AIG, GIO, OIP, BCI, CIK, IKQ, IQP, DEI, DHI, EFI, FJI, IJN, INM, IML, ILH, ACI, CIQ, QIO, OIA, AOC, OCQ, ACQ, AQO, DFI, FIN, INL, ILD, DFL, FLN, DFN, DNL = 32 triangles. 

By counting Squares:

ACQO, ABIG, BCKI, GIPO, IKQP, DFNL, DEIH, EFJI, HIML, IJNM = 10 Squares.

Hence, 32 triangles, 10 squares is the correct answers.

The logic here is:

Rotation: 45° anticlockwise in every step.

And,

Alternate addition: Addition of half petal left side in Figure (Q); Addition of half petals both sides in Figure (R), then again addition of half petal on left side in Figure (S) and half petals on both sides in Figure (T).

Similarly,

The Answer Figure should have half petal on left side after rotating the previous Figure (T) 45° anticlockwise.

Therefore, 

The only one figure that satisfies the given pattern is: 

The complete series is:

Hence, 4 is the correct answer.

The Logic here is:

In Figure Q → There is an interchange of the position of "O and ⋆"  and other two rows interchange their positions with each other.

Now,

In Figure R → There is an interchange or rows having "O and ⋆" and the row above it and in the 3^rd row symbols (+ and C) interchange their position with each other.

Similarly,

As in Figure T their is a change in position of ⋆ and O from previous figure S.

Therefore,

In Answer Figure → There should be an interchange of 1^st and 2^nd rows and symbols in 3^rd row (+ and C) when compared to the previous figure T.

Thus only one figure that satisfies the given pattern is: 

The complete series is:

Hence, 4 is the correct answer.

Given: 4 2 6 1 3 8 9 5 8 1 6 5 1 5 8 5 3 9 4 9 2 3 2 1 5 7 2 6 2 4 2 7 4

Nineteenth digit form the right end:

4 2 6 1 3 8 9 5 8 1 6 5 1 5 8 5 3 9 4 9 2 3 2 1 5 7 2 6 2 4 2 7 4

And,

Seventh to the right of "8":

4 2 6 1 3 8 9 5 8 1 6 5 1 5 8 5 3 9 4 9 2 3 2 1 5 7 2 6 2 4 2 7 4

Shortcut Trick

Same Direction → Subtraction

Opposite Direction → Addition

19^th Right - 7^th Right  = 12^th from the right end.

12^th from the right end:

4 2 6 1 3 8 9 5 8 1 6 5 1 5 8 5 3 9 4 9 2 3 2 1 5 7 2 6 2 4 2 7 4

Hence, 3 is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram is:

Conclusions:

I. All villages are towns →  False (it is possible but not definite as shown in the figure)

II. No village is a town → False (it is not possible as some villages are towns shown in the figure)

III. Some villages are towns → True (as all cities are towns and some cities are villages, so, part of cities which is villages is town also)

Hence, only conclusion 3 follows​.

Given: 11 - 2 ÷ 700 + 70 × 50 = ?

Logic:

By inserting codes and then using BODMAS Rule:

11 × 2 + 700 ÷ 70 - 50

= 11 × 2 + 10 - 50

= 22 + 10 - 50

= 32 - 50 

= -18

Hence, -18 is the correct answer.

We have drawn the figure according to the information given in the question,

(Let the turning points as shown in the figure)

Thus, If Anand stands at point T, then he is standing in southeast direction with respect to the starting point (P). 

Hence, southeast is the correct answer.

Given: 

Codes: 

By substituting the numbers according to the codes in the given series of symbols:

Hence, 4 5 9 0 6 7 2 3 9 4 1 2 4 0 is the correct answer.

Given: 13, 27, 55, 97, 153, ?

Logic:

Hence, 223 is the correct answer.

Given: 50, 60, 75, 97.5, ?, 184.275, 267.19875

Logic:  

Hence, 131.625 is the correct answer.

By checking options:

(1) xxxyy → xxxx/yxxy/yyxy/yxxy

(2) yxyxy → yxxx/yxyy/yxxy/yxxy

(3) yyxxy → yxxy/yxxy/yxxy/yxxy

(4) yyyxx → yxxy/yxyy/yxxy/xxxy

Only option (3) yyxxy forms the pattern when substituted in the given series.

Hence, yyxxy is the correct answer.

By checking options:

(1) xyzyy → xyz/yzx/zxy/xyz/yzx/zxy

(2) yyyzz → yyz/yzx/yxy/xzz/zzx/zxy

(3) yxzyx → yyz/xzx/zxy/xyz/xzx/zxy

(4) xyyzz → xyz/yzx/yxy/xzz/zzx/zxy

Only option (1) xyzyy forms the pattern when substituted in the given series.

Hence, xyzyy is the correct answer.

Given:

Hence, D is the correct answer.

Given:

The only one figure that satisfies the given pattern is: 

Hence, A is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Docility.'

Key Points

• The given word 'Restiveness' means refusing or likely to refuse to proceed, act, or function as directed or expected. (निर्देशित या अपेक्षित रूप में आगे बढ़ने, कार्य करने से इनकार करने या मना करने की संभावना)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Completeness' means the quality of being whole or perfect and having nothing missing. (संपूर्ण या संपूर्ण होने का गुण)
• 'Conviction' means the feeling of being certain about what you are doing. (किसी काम के विषय में पक्‍का विश्‍वास होने की अनुभूति)
• 'Concern' means a cause of anxiety or worry. (चिंता का कारण)
• 'Docility' means the quality of being quiet and easy to influence, persuade, or control. (शांत रहने और प्रभावित करने, राजी करने या नियंत्रित करने में आसान होने का गुण)

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Restiveness' are "docility, obedient, ruly".
• The synonyms of the word 'Restiveness' are "balky, ungovernable, unruly".

The correct answer is 'trap : spring.'

Key Points

• The relationship between the given two words is that an alarm is triggered.
• Alarm means a machine that warns you of danger. (ख़तरे की चेतावनी देने वाला यंत्र)
• Trigger means to make something happen suddenly. (अचानक कुछ करवा देना, किसी प्रतिक्रिया को एकाएक प्रवर्तित करना)
• From the given options, a similar relationship exists in the fourth option as a trap is spring.
• Trap means a device or enclosure designed to catch something. (किसी चीज को पकड़ने के लिए बनाया गया एक उपकरण या जाल)
• Spring means to operate suddenly by means of a mechanism. (एक तंत्र के माध्यम से अचानक संचालित करना)

​

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Prison' means a building where criminals are kept as a punishment. (जेल, क़ैदख़ाना)
• 'Escape' means to manage to get away from a place where you do not want to be; to get free. (अनचाहे स्‍थान से निकल भागना; निकल जाना)
• 'Tunnel' means a passage under the ground. (सुरंग, ज़मीन के नीचे का रास्‍ता)
• 'Dig' means to move the earth and make a hole in the ground. (खोदना, गड्‌ढा करना)
• 'Criminal' means a person who has done something illegal. (अपराधी, मुजरिम)
• 'Corner' means to get a person or an animal into a position from which he/she/it cannot escape. (किसी व्‍यक्ति या जानवर को घेर लेना; फँसाना)

The correct answer is 'excellent, a useful.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is saying something about the discoveries and guidance about wine by Ms. Sutcliffe.
• The use of the word 'helpful' in the sentence indicates something useful or giving help. (सहायता करने वाला, सहायतापूर्ण, सहायक)
• Therefore, the most appropriate words to be filled in the blanks are 'excellent, a useful'.
• 'Excellent' means very good; of high quality. (बहुत बढ़िया; उच्‍च स्‍तर का, उत्‍कृष्‍ट)
• 'A useful' means helpful. (उपयोगी; सहायक)

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete Sentence: Ms. Sutcliffe’s helpful notes on her latest wine discoveries and her no-nonsense warnings to consumers about excellent wines provide a useful guide to the numbing array of wines of Burgundy. 

Additional Information

• Let us explore the other options:
• 'Overrated' means rated or valued too highly. (व्‍यकि्त या वस्‍तु का वास्‍तविकता से अधिक मूल्‍यांकन करना)
• 'An adequate' means enough for what you need. (आवश्‍यकता के अनुसार पर्याप्त)
• 'Over priced' means too expensive; costing more than it is worth. (अधिक महंगा)
• 'A trusty' means having served for a long time and being regarded as reliable or faithful. (लंबे समय तक सेवा करने और विश्वसनीय या वफादार माने जाने वाले)
• 'Unsatisfactory' means not acceptable; not good enough. (संतोषजनक नहीं; पर्याप्त नहीं)
• 'Spotty' means of uneven quality; patchy. (असमान गुणवत्ता का; विचित्र)

The correct answer is 'demonstrate Mary Bethune’s influence on black progress during the Roosevelt year.'

Key Points

• The first sentence of the first paragraph says "Like her white friends Eleanor Roosevelt and Aubrey Williams, Mary Bethune believed in the fundamental commitment of the New Deal to assist the black American's struggle and in the need for blacks to assume responsibilities to help win that struggle'', the first sentence of the second paragraph says "More than her liberal white friends, Bethune argued for a strong and direct black voice in initiating and shaping government policy'' and the first sentence of the last paragraph says "Though recognizing the weakness in the Roosevelt administration’s response to Negro needs, Mary Bethune remained, in essence, a black partisan champion of the new deal during the 1930s and 1940s''. (पहले पैराग्राफ का पहला वाक्य कहता है, "अपने गोरे दोस्तों एलेनोर रूजवेल्ट और ऑब्रे विलियम्स की तरह, मैरी बेथ्यून ने काले अमेरिकी के संघर्ष में सहायता करने के लिए न्यू डील की मौलिक प्रतिबद्धता में विश्वास किया और अश्वेतों को उस संघर्ष को जीतने में मदद करने के लिए जिम्मेदारियों को संभालने की आवश्यकता में विश्वास किया '', दूसरे पैराग्राफ का पहला वाक्य कहता है, "अपने उदार श्वेत मित्रों से अधिक, बेथ्यून ने सरकारी नीति को शुरू करने और आकार देने में एक मजबूत और सीधी काली आवाज के लिए तर्क दिया" और अंतिम पैराग्राफ का पहला वाक्य कहता है, "हालांकि कमजोरी को पहचानना रूजवेल्ट प्रशासन की नीग्रो जरूरतों की प्रतिक्रिया में, मैरी बेथ्यून, संक्षेप में, 1930 और 1940 के दशक के दौरान नए सौदे की एक अश्वेत पक्षपातपूर्ण चैंपियन बनी रही)
• From the above sentences, we can say that the author’s main purpose in this passage is to demonstrate Mary Bethune’s influence on black progress during the Roosevelt year. (उपरोक्त वाक्यों से, हम कह सकते हैं कि इस मार्ग में लेखक का मुख्य उद्देश्य रूजवेल्ट वर्ष के दौरान मैरी बेथ्यून के काली प्रगति पर प्रभाव को प्रदर्शित करना है)

Hence, the only possible answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'development of an extended analogy.'

Key Points

• The first paragraph of the passage is all about comparison and contrast, the second paragraph of the passage is all about the direct quotation, and the third paragraph of the passage is all about the general statement and concrete examples. (पैसेज का पहला पैराग्राफ तुलना और अंतर के बारे में है, पैसेज का दूसरा पैराग्राफ सभी सीधे उद्धरण के बारे में है, और पैसेज का तीसरा पैराग्राफ सामान्य कथन और ठोस उदाहरणों के बारे में है)
• Therefore, we can say that the author uses all the following techniques in the passages, except the development of an extended analogy. (इसलिए, हम कह सकते हैं कि लेखक एक विस्तारित समानता के विकास को छोड़कर, मार्ग में निम्नलिखित सभी तकनीकों का उपयोग करता है)

Hence, the only possible answer is option 2.

• ​Given below are the points, we should keep in mind while solving questions of reading comprehension-
• Identify the purpose of reading. Try to go through the question first then the passage so that you can just focus on the things you need to look at in the passage.
• Anticipate what may lie ahead. Look out for specific information in the passage.
• Read the passage quickly to get a general idea of meaning or to find specific information, e.g. figures or names.

Hinglish

• नीचे दिए गए बिंदुओ में, हमें रीडिंग कॉम्प्रिहेंशन के प्रश्नों को हल करते समय ध्यान में रखना चाहिए-
• पढ़ने के उद्देश्य को पहचानें। पहले प्रश्न को पढ़ने की कोशिश कीजिए फिर गद्यांश को ताकि आप केवल उन चीजों पर ध्यान केंद्रित कर सकें जिन्हें आपको गद्यांश में देखने की जरूरत है।
• अनुमान लगाएं कि आगे क्या हो सकता है। गद्यांश में विशिष्ट जानकारी के लिए देखिए।
• अर्थ का सामान्य विचार प्राप्त करने या विशिष्ट जानकारी प्राप्त करने के लिए गद्यांश को शीघ्रता से पढ़ें।

The correct answer is 'SQPR.'

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-
• 'S' follows ''sentence 1'' as it mentions how to start the business. ('S', 'वाक्य 1' का अनुसरण करता है क्योंकि इसमें उल्लेख है कि व्यवसाय कैसे शुरू किया जाए)
• 'Q' follows 'S' as it mentions how to get the workers' contribution. ('Q', 'S' का अनुसरण करता है क्योंकि इसमें उल्लेख है कि श्रमिकों का योगदान कैसे प्राप्त करें)
• 'P' follows 'Q' as it mentions how to well run the business. ('P', 'Q' का अनुसरण करता है क्योंकि यह उल्लेख करता है कि व्यवसाय को कैसे अच्छी तरह से चलाया जाए)
• Last is 'R' as it is concluding by telling about the active participation of every member of the society and is linked with sentence 6. (अंतिम 'R' है क्योंकि यह समाज के प्रत्येक सदस्य की सक्रिय भागीदारी के बारे में बताकर समापन कर रहा है और वाक्य 6 के साथ जुड़ा हुआ है)

​

Thus, the correct order is SQPR:

S1. The cooperative system of doing business is a good way of encouraging ordinary workers to work hard.

S. The capital necessary to start a business venture is obtained by the workers' contributions.

Q. They get this from experienced and professional workers who are not only familiar with the cooperative system, but also with efficient means of doing business.

P. If the society is to be well run, it is necessary to prevent insincere officials from being elected to the committee which is solely responsible for the running of the business.

R. To a large extent, many cooperative societies need advice and guidance.

S6. The main objective is to maintain the interest of every member of the society and to ensure that the members participate actively in the projects of the society.

Paragraph after rearranging the sentences: The cooperative system of doing business is a good way of encouraging ordinary workers to work hard. The capital necessary to start a business venture is obtained by the workers' contributions. They get this from experienced and professional workers who are not only familiar with the cooperative system, but also with efficient means of doing business. If the society is to be well run, it is necessary to prevent insincere officials from being elected to the committee which is solely responsible for the running of the business. To a large extent, many cooperative societies need advice and guidance. The main objective is to maintain the interest of every member of the society and to ensure that the members participate actively in the projects of the society.

The correct answer is 'without preparation.'

Key Points

• The given word 'Impromptu' means done without being prepared or organized. (बिना तैयारी या व्‍यवस्‍था के किया गया)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'With great force' means with great power and influence. (बड़ी शक्ति और प्रभाव के साथ)
• 'Eloquently' means in a fluent or persuasive manner. (अर्थपूर्ण; वाक्‌चातुर्यपूर्वक)
• 'Without preparation' means not ready or able to deal with something. (बिना तैयारी के)
• 'Without enthusiasm' means without a strong feeling of excitement or interest in something. (किसी चीज में उत्साह या रुचि की तीव्र भावना ना होना)

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Impromptu' are "unplanned, unprepared, unrehearsed".
• The antonyms of the word 'Impromptu' are "prepared, planned, rehearsed".

The correct answer is 'luxurious.'

Key Points

• The given word 'Austere' means very simple; without decoration. (अति साधारण और सरल; आडंबरहीन; सुख-सुविधा-रहित)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Eventful' means full of important, dangerous, or exciting things happening. (महत्वपूर्ण, ख़तरनाक या उत्तेजक स्थितियों से भरा हुआ)
• 'Exciting' means causing strong feelings of pleasure and interest. (उत्तेजक)
• 'Boisterous' means noisy and full of energy. (ऊधमी, शोरगुल मचाने वाला किंतु प्रसन्‍नचित्त)
• 'Luxurious' means very comfortable; full of expensive and beautiful things. (अत्यंत आरामदायक; महंगी और खूबसूरत चीजों से भरपूर)

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Austere' are "luxurious, decorated, fancy".
• The synonyms of the word 'Austere' are "undecorated, plain, simple".

The correct answer is 'sometime next week.'

Key Points

• In the given sentence or italicized part, the use of the article 'the' is superfluous or not required.
• The definite article 'the' is used to give emphasis to something.​
• In the given sentence ''next week'' is not written emphatically.
• Therefore, there is no need to use 'the' before ''next week''.

Correct Sentence: Let’s have a party sometime next week.

Additional Information

• There are three articles: a, an, and the. Articles are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective.

 

 

Hinglish

• दिए गए वाक्य में article 'the' का प्रयोग आवश्यक नहीं है।
• Definite article 'the' का प्रयोग किसी चीज पर जोर देने के लिए किया जाता है।
• दिए गए वाक्य में ''next week'' पर जोर नहीं दिया गया है।
• इसलिए, ''next week'' से पहले 'the' का उपयोग करने की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं है।

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 है।

सही वाक्य: Let’s have a party sometime next week.

The correct answer is 'B' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the use of the pronoun 'whom' is incorrect.
• The pronoun 'whom' is used to refer to the object of a verb or preposition.
• The pronoun 'who' is used to refer to the subject of a sentence or a clause giving further information about a person or people previously mentioned.
• Therefore, the pronoun 'who' should be used in place of the pronoun 'whom'.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: To my surprise, this man who I thought was crazy spoke quite sensibly.

• दिए गए वाक्य में pronoun 'whom' का प्रयोग गलत है।
• Pronoun 'whom' किसी object of a verb or preposition को संदर्भित करने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।
• Pronoun 'who' का प्रयोग किसी subject of a sentence or a clause को संदर्भित करने के लिए किया जाता है जो किसी व्यक्ति या पहले उल्लेख किए गए लोगों के बारे में और जानकारी देता है।
• इसलिए pronoun 'whom' के स्थान पर pronoun 'who' का प्रयोग करना चाहिए।

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है।

सही वाक्य: To my surprise, this man who I thought was crazy spoke quite sensibly.