CRPF Head Constable Ministerial Official Paper (Held On: 24 Feb 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The most appropriate option to fill in the blank is: will have already prepared

Key Points

• The correct sentence is: She will have already prepared food when I reach home.
• Option 1) "will have already prepared" uses the future perfect tense, which indicates an action that will be completed before a certain point in the future.
• It conveys that the preparation of the food will be finished before the speaker arrives home.

Additional Information

• will already have preparing
• ​This option is grammatically incorrect because it combines "already" and "have preparing" in an incorrect verb form. The correct form should be "already have been preparing" if we want to use the present perfect continuous tense, but it is not the most suitable choice for this sentence.
• will already prepared
• ​This option is grammatically incorrect because it lacks the auxiliary verb "have" to form the correct tense. The correct form should be "will have already prepared" to convey the intended meaning.
• will be already prepared
• ​This option is not the most appropriate choice because the word order is incorrect. The adverb "already" should be placed before the verb "prepared." The correct form should be "will already be prepared" to convey the intended meaning.

The option that has a spelling error is: His staff always treats his orders with lavity.

Key Points

• The correct spelling is "levity" (lightness or humor), not "lavity."
• "Levity" is a noun that refers to lightness or humor in speech, behavior, or attitude.
• It implies a lack of seriousness or a light-hearted approach.
• It seems that the intended meaning in the sentence is that the staff treats the orders in a light-hearted or casual manner.
• Therefore, the correct sentence should be: His staff always treats his orders with levity.
• This sentence conveys the idea that the staff doesn't take the orders too seriously and approaches them with a sense of lightness or humor.

The correct answer is 'There are a few factors driving the demand for increased flexibility. Globalization is one'.

 

Key Points

• The correct alternative to correct the error in syntax/structure is:
• There are a few factors driving the demand for increased flexibility. Globalization is one.
• The corrected sentence would be:
• There are a few factors driving the demand for increased flexibility. Globalization is one.
• In the original extract, the error is in the phrase "There are a few factors driven the demand for most increased flexibility." The correct verb form should be "driving" instead of "driven" to match the subject "factors." Additionally, "most increased flexibility" should be changed to "increased flexibility" for clarity and proper phrasing.
• Option 1) and option 2) are already correct in the original extract.
• Option 4) is the continuation of the original sentence and does not address the error in syntax/structure.
• Therefore, option 3) provides the correct alternative to fix the error and maintain the intended meaning of the sentence.

The most appropriate option to fill in the blanks is: differences; leading; learned

Key Points 

• The completed sentence would be:
• I do not wish to suggest that because we were one nation, we had no differences, but it is submitted that our leading men travelled throughout India either on foot or in bullock carts. They learned one another's languages, and there was no aloofness amongst them.
• This option provides the best fit in terms of maintaining the coherence and meaning of the sentence. It acknowledges the presence of differences, describes the men as leading figures, and highlights their ability to learn different languages, promoting harmony and eliminating any sense of isolation.
• Here are the meanings of the words provided in option 3:

differences - The state or quality of being dissimilar or distinct; variations or contrasts between things.

leading - Occupying a position of prominence or influence; being at the forefront or in a superior position.

learned - Having acquired knowledge or skill through study, experience, or education; knowledgeable or well-informed.

The correct alternative to correct the error in syntax/structure is: When Hurricane Harvey loomed off the coast of my home State of Texas.

 Key Points

The corrected sentence would be:

When Hurricane Harvey loomed off the coast of my home State of Texas, it seemed to fill the entire Gulf of Mexico. When it roared on land, it pummeled the towns of Rockfort and Port Aransas, whose tawny beaches I have walked with my kids, pointing out the indigo sails of Portuguese man O war jellyfish.

In the original extract, the error is in the phrase "When Hurricane Harvey was being looming off the coast of my home State of Texas." The word "being" is unnecessary and disrupts the correct syntax of the sentence.

Option 1) "When it had been roared on land" introduces a past perfect tense which is not necessary in this context.

Option 2) "it seemed to be filling" changes the tense and does not align with the intended meaning of the original sentence.

Option 3) "whose tawny beaches I have been walking with my kids" introduces a continuous aspect which is not necessary in this context.

Therefore, option 4) provides the correct alternative to fix the error and maintain the intended meaning of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'inspiring; pause; imitation'.

Key Points 

The completed sentence would be:

There’s more than the 101-seater dining table at the Falaknuma palace that is awe inspiring. The library done in rosewood and mahogany is a place that will force anyone to pause, if only to admire the fine original polish, the furniture, and the walnut carved high roof. The last is supposedly an imitation of the one at Windsor Castle.

Option 1) provides the most suitable words to convey the intended meaning, describing the dining table and library as inspiring and prompting a pause to admire them. Additionally, it suggests that the library is an imitation of the one at Windsor Castle.

inspiring - Evoking or generating feelings of inspiration, motivation, or awe; serving as a source of inspiration. In the context of the sentence, it suggests that there are elements in the Falaknuma palace that are awe-inspiring or capable of inspiring admiration or wonder.

pause - A temporary break or cessation in activity; a momentary stop or hesitation. In the sentence, it suggests that the library in the palace is so impressive that it would make anyone pause or momentarily stop to appreciate its beauty.

imitation - The act of replicating or mimicking something, often with the intention of resembling or copying the original. Here, it refers to the fact that the high roof in the palace is designed to resemble or imitate the one found in Windsor Castle.

Therefore, the correct option 1) "inspiring; pause; imitation" accurately conveys the intended meaning of the sentence. It describes elements in the palace that inspire awe, invites one to pause and admire, and highlights the imitation of the high roof as a design element.

The most appropriate meaning of the given proverb "If it ain't broke, don't fix it" is: If something works well already, don't bother trying to change it.

Key Points 

• This proverb implies that if something is functioning properly or effectively, there is no need to attempt to alter or repair it.
• It suggests that unnecessary changes or interventions could potentially introduce problems or complications.
• Therefore, the best interpretation is option 2) "If something works well already, don't bother trying to change it."

The correct answer is 'has lived'.

Key Points 

• The most appropriate option to fill in the blank is: has lived
• The completed sentence would be: She has lived here all her life.
• The use of the present perfect tense "has lived" indicates that the action of living in a specific place started in the past and continues up to the present. This tense is suitable to convey the idea that the person has resided in that place for the entirety of their life.
• Options 1) "live," 2) "lives," and 3) "is living" do not accurately convey the intended meaning of a continuous duration of living in the same place throughout one's life.

Therefore, option 4) "has lived" provides the most appropriate choice to fill in the blank.

The most appropriate antonym of the word "Kindred" is: Unrelated

Key Points 

• The word "kindred" typically refers to a sense of similarity or connection, often used to describe familial or close relationships. (समान; संबंधित; सजातीय; सदृश)
• Its antonym, "unrelated," suggests a lack of connection or similarity. (असंबद्ध; जुड़ा हुआ नहीं)
• Therefore, option 2) "Unrelated" is the most suitable choice as an antonym for "kindred."

Additional Information

• Congenial: This word means having a pleasant or friendly disposition, compatible or well-suited. (प्रीति कर, सौहार्दपूर्ण)
• While it relates to positive relationships, it does not directly convey the opposite meaning of "kindred."
• Affiliated: This word describes being connected or associated with a particular group or organization. (संबद्घ) 
• ​While it implies some form of connection, it does not precisely convey the opposite meaning of "kindred."
• Relative: This word refers to someone who is connected by blood or marriage, indicating a family relationship. (किसी अन्‍य व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु से तुलना करने पर अन्‍य व्‍यक्ति, वस्‍तु; सापेक्ष)
• While it is related to familial connections, it does not directly convey the opposite meaning of "kindred."

The correct answer is 'power; exert; discoveries'.

Key Points

• In this sentence, we are looking for a word that describes the essence or nature of art. The word that best fits here is "power." Art possesses a certain power that allows it to convey messages, emotions, and ideas, and it has the ability to leave a lasting impact on individuals and societies over time. So, the blank should be filled with "power."
• Furthermore, the sentence talks about how great works of art continue to maintain their influence over the ages. The appropriate word to fill the second blank is "exert." Great works of art exert their influence by continuing to inspire and influence people even long after they were created.
• "Scientific ______, which are of major importance at the time when they are made, are superseded."
• This sentence is referring to scientific advancements or achievements that eventually become outdated or replaced. The best word to fill this blank is "discoveries." Scientific discoveries refer to new findings, knowledge, or breakthroughs in various fields of study. Over time, new discoveries are made, and older ones may be surpassed or rendered less relevant. Therefore, the appropriate word to fill the blank is "discoveries."
• So, the most appropriate option to fill in the blanks is: power; exert; discoveries

The most appropriate option to fill in the blanks is: accustomed; wielding

Key Points

• The completed sentence would be:
• Dictators are accustomed to wielding power against their opponents ruthlessly.
• Option 1) provides the most suitable words to convey the intended meaning. "Accustomed" indicates familiarity or being used to a particular situation, while "wielding" suggests exercising or using power or authority. Together, they convey the idea that dictators are accustomed to utilizing their power to act ruthlessly against their opponents.
• Options 2) "exhausted; wreaking," 3) "accosted; welding," and 4) "accused; yielding" do not accurately convey the intended meaning of dictators using power against their opponents.
• Therefore, option 1) "accustomed; wielding" is the most appropriate choice to fill in the blanks.

The correct answer is 'the'.

Key Points

• The completed sentence would be:
• He hit me on the back.
• In this sentence, the definite article "the" is used because it refers to a specific back, likely the back of the person speaking.
• The use of "the" implies a specific and known back rather than a general or indefinite back.
• Therefore, option 1) "the" is the most appropriate choice to fill in the blank.

The correct answer is 'and increase the resilience of applications once they are deployed along with enhanced security'.

Key Points

• The correct alternative to correct the error in syntax/structure is:
• and increase the resilience of applications once they are deployed along with enhanced security
• The corrected sentence would be:
• The cloud offers great promise for developers, especially as it can increase the speed at which they develop software features and increase the resilience of applications once they are deployed, along with enhanced security through the use of multiple server locations.
• In the original extract, the error is in the phrase "increasingly the resilience of applications once with they are deployed along by enhanced security." The correct phrasing should be "increase the resilience of applications once they are deployed, along with enhanced security" to properly convey the intended meaning and maintain correct syntax.
• Option 1) and option 3) are already correct in the original extract.
• Option 4) "The cloud offers great promise for developers especially, as it can increase the speed at which they develop software features" does not address the error in syntax/structure and is part of the original extract.
• Therefore, option 2) provides the correct alternative to fix the error and maintain the intended meaning of the sentence.

The option that has a spelling error is: The rivers originating in the Himalayas are perennial.

Key Points

• The correct spelling is "perennial," not "perrenial." Therefore, the correct sentence should be:
• The rivers originating in the Himalayas are perennial.
• "Perennial" is an adjective that means lasting or existing for a long or indefinite period of time. It is often used to describe plants that live for multiple years, coming back year after year.
• In the sentence, the word "perennial" is used to describe the rivers originating in the Himalayas, implying that they flow continuously throughout the year, regardless of the season.
• "Perennial" means lasting or existing for a long or indefinite period of time, typically used to describe plants that live for multiple years.

The most appropriate synonym of the word "Ignominious" is: Dishonourable

Key Points

• "Ignominious" is an adjective that describes something as disgraceful, shameful, or bringing about a loss of reputation.
• "Dishonourable" carries a similar meaning, suggesting behavior or actions that are lacking in honor, integrity, or respectability.
• Therefore, option 3) "Dishonourable" is the most suitable synonym for "Ignominious."

Additional Information

• Distinguished: This word has an opposite meaning to "Ignominious." "Distinguished" refers to being respected, admired, or recognized for one's achievements or qualities. It is not a synonym for "Ignominious."
• Illiterate: This word has a different meaning than "Ignominious." "Illiterate" refers to a person's inability to read or write, which is unrelated to the concept of disgrace or shame.
• Dishonourable: This option provides an appropriate synonym for "Ignominious." "Dishonourable" describes behavior or actions that are lacking in honor, integrity, or respectability. It aligns well with the meaning of "Ignominious."
• Creditable: This word has a different meaning than "Ignominious." "Creditable" means deserving of praise, recognition, or admiration. It does not carry the negative connotation associated with "Ignominious."

The most appropriate option to fill in the blanks is: quislings; indomitable

Key Points 

• The completed sentence would be:
• The Mughals and the English always depended on quislings to defeat their indomitable enemies.
• Option 4) provides the best fit in terms of maintaining the coherence and meaning of the sentence. "Quislings" refers to traitors or collaborators who side with the enemy, and "indomitable" means unable to be conquered or defeated. The sentence implies that the Mughals and the English relied on traitors to help them overcome their formidable enemies.
• Options 1) "ascetics; amateur," 2) "hypocrites; gregarious," and 3) "novices; benevolent" do not accurately convey the intended meaning of depending on specific individuals or traits to defeat powerful enemies.
• Therefore, option 4) "quislings; indomitable" is the most appropriate choice to fill in the blanks.

The correct answer is 'the'.

Key Points

• The completed sentence would be:
• On the contrary, you performed the rituals exactly against the customs.
• In this sentence, "the" is used before "contrary" to specify a particular opposing idea or viewpoint. "The contrary" refers to the opposite or contrasting perspective to what has been previously stated or expected.

Additional Information

• a: The indefinite article "a" is used before singular countable nouns when referring to a non-specific or unidentified item. In this sentence, "the contrary" refers to a specific opposing idea, so the indefinite article "a" is not the most appropriate choice.
• the: The definite article "the" is used before singular or plural countable nouns to refer to specific or previously mentioned items. In this sentence, "on the contrary" introduces a specific opposing viewpoint or idea, so the definite article "the" is the most suitable choice.
• an: The indefinite article "an" is used before singular countable nouns that begin with a vowel sound. In this sentence, "the contrary" starts with a consonant sound, so the indefinite article "an" is not the correct choice.
• No article required: In some cases, no article is required before certain nouns or phrases. However, in this sentence, the use of "the" before "contrary" helps specify a particular opposing viewpoint, so the option of no article is not the most appropriate choice.

In summary, option 2) "the" is the most suitable article to fill in the blank because it accurately indicates a specific opposing idea.

The most appropriate option to fill in the blank is: thoughtfully

Key Points 

• The completed sentence would be: Sonu acted thoughtfully.
• Option 2) "thoughtfully" provides the best fit in terms of maintaining the coherence and meaning of the sentence. It describes how Sonu acted, indicating that he acted in a considerate, deliberate, or reflective manner.
• Options 1) "with thought," 3) "thoughtless," and 4) "thoughtful" do not accurately convey the intended meaning.
• Option 1) is a phrase that does not properly modify the verb "acted," while options 3) and 4) convey different meanings related to lacking thought or being considerate.
• Therefore, option 2) "thoughtfully" is the most appropriate choice to fill in the blank.

The most appropriate preposition to fill in the blank is: with

Key Points 

• The completed sentence would be:
• I reasoned with him but could not bring him round.
• In this sentence, the preposition "with" is used to indicate the manner or method of reasoning.
• It suggests that the speaker engaged in a process of logical thinking or persuasion in conjunction with the person mentioned.

The correct answer is 'To take unauthorized leave'.

Key Points

• The meaning of the given idiom is:
• French leave means go away without telling anyone. (बिना किसी को बताए चले जाना।)
• Example: He went on a french leave and was summoned by the direction the next day.
• By the above meaning and example, we can say that 'absence without permission' is the correct answer.

Hence option 1 is the appropriate answer. 

Additional Information 

• Let's learn about the origin of the given idiom:
• This expression stems from the custom prevalent in 18th century France of leaving a reception or entertainment without saying goodbye to your host or hostess.

The option that is the opposite of the word 'breach' is: Observance

Key Points 

• The word 'breach' refers to a violation or failure to adhere to a law, rule, or agreement. It implies a breaking or crossing of boundaries or limits. The opposite of 'breach' would be 'observance', which means the act of following or complying with rules, laws, or agreements.
• Options 1) 'Transgression' and 2) 'Contravention' are synonyms of 'breach', as they also imply violation or non-compliance.
• Option 4) 'Noncompliance' is similar in meaning to 'breach' and does not represent the opposite.
• Therefore, option 3) 'Observance' is the most appropriate choice as the opposite of 'breach'.

The most appropriate central theme of the passage is: Preventive measures for cyber security breaches

Key Points

• The passage discusses various solutions and measures being suggested or tried to address the market failure in cyber security.
• It mentions increasing transparency about data losses, helping consumers and firms make more informed decisions, shedding light on how ISPs tackle malware infections, using liability laws to produce safer codes, breach laws and their impact on insurance coverage, and the idea of creating a Cyber Security Board to investigate breaches and share information.
• These measures focus on preventing and mitigating cyber security breaches.
• Therefore, option 2) "Preventive measures for cyber security breaches" is the most suitable central theme of the passage.

The word in the passage that means 'not identified by name (of a person)' is: Anonymous

Key Points

• In the context of the passage, the word "anonymous" refers to individuals or entities whose identity is not disclosed or known.
• It is used to describe hacking groups that carry out cyber attacks without revealing their identities.
• Therefore, option 1) "Anonymous" is the correct word that means 'not identified by name (of a person).'

The good idea for a company to invest in to prevent cyber threats would be: Hiring a cyber insurer to advise on defensive tactics

Key Points

• In the passage, it is mentioned that cyber insurers can advise companies on defensive tactics and how to minimize damage in case of cyber incidents. By hiring a cyber insurer, a company can benefit from their expertise and guidance to enhance their cybersecurity measures and protect against cyber threats. This aligns with the suggested solutions in the passage, such as shedding more light on how ISPs tackle malware infections and using liability laws to produce safer codes.
• Option 1) paying the Cyber Security Board $50 m is not mentioned as an investment idea in the passage. It refers to the threshold for the Cyber Security Board to investigate breaches.
• Option 2) creating a National Transportation Safety Board in the company is not a relevant suggestion for preventing cyber threats as it pertains to investigating serious accidents in the transportation industry.
• Option 3) hiring anonymous hacking groups to spy on others is not a legitimate or ethical approach to cybersecurity. It is important to focus on defensive tactics and protective measures rather than engaging in malicious activities.

Therefore, option 4) hiring a cyber insurer to advise on defensive tactics is the most appropriate investment idea mentioned in the passage.

The option that is not a relevant solution for cybersecurity threats is: Making the cyber insurance market smaller.

Key Points

• In the passage, various solutions for addressing cybersecurity threats are discussed, including enforcing laws related to producing safer codes, compelling ISPs to tackle malware infections, and creating more transparency about data losses. These solutions aim to enhance cybersecurity practices, increase accountability, and promote informed decision-making.
• However, making the cyber insurance market smaller is not mentioned as a solution in the passage. The focus of the passage is on preventive measures, information sharing, and regulatory efforts rather than reducing the size of the cyber insurance market. Therefore, option 3) is the one that is not a relevant solution for cybersecurity threats.

The correct answer is 2013.

• The National Food Security Act (NFSA) was passed on July 5, 2013.

Key Points

• It aimed at strengthening food security for the people.
• It made the right to food’ legal liability for three-fourth of the rural population and half of the urban population approximately.
• It provides food security by providing cereals and pulses at subsidy prices and is distributed to the common people through Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS).
• Chhattisgarh government was the first who took the initiative to pass the first food security act in the country.

The answer is Leaves.

Key Points

• Tendrils are modified leaves that are used for climbing or support.
• They are usually slender and thread-like, and they can coil around objects to help the plant climb.
• Tendrils can be found in many different types of plants, including peas, beans, and vines.
• Here are some additional information about tendrils:
• Tendrils are formed from the apical meristem of the leaf.
• They are sensitive to touch and can coil around objects in response to contact.
• Tendrils can help plants to reach sunlight, avoid predators, and find water.

Additional Information

• Fruits are the ripened ovaries of a flowering plant.
• Stems are the main supporting structures of a plant.
• Roots are the underground parts of a plant that anchor it in the soil and absorb water and nutrients.

The correct answer is Delhi.

In News

• Recently, the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) has issued directions to ban the use of coal in industrial, domestic and other miscellaneous applications in the entire Delhi-NCR region from 1st January 2023.

Key Points

• Coal is one of the most abundantly found fossil fuels. It is used as a domestic fuel, in industries such as iron and steel, steam engines and to generate electricity. Electricity from coal is called thermal power.
• The coal which we are using today was formed millions of years ago when giant ferns and swamps got buried under the layers of earth. Coal is therefore referred to as Buried Sunshine.
• The leading coal producers of the world include China, India, US, Indonesia, Australia.
• China is the largest coal-producing country in the world, with production reaching 3,942 million tonnes, a 2.5% growth.
• The coal producing areas of India include Raniganj, Jharia, Dhanbad and Bokaro in Jharkhand.
• Coal is also classified into four ranks: anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite. The ranking depends on the types and amounts of carbon the coal contains and on the amount of heat energy the coal can produce.

The correct answer is ‘8.7 percent’

Key Points

• India's real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2021-22 was 8.7% while the GDP in 2020-21 had contracted by 6.6%.
• An economic growth of 8.7% after adjusting for inflation sounds pretty good on its own, until we take the base effect into account.
• Hence, for a fair comparison, we need to compare the GDP of 2021-22 with the pre-pandemic GDP of 2019-20.
• The GDP in 2021-22 was at ₹147.35 trillion, which is just 1.5% more than the GDP of ₹145.16 trillion achieved in 2019-20.
• Meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has projected India’s GDP growth rate to be 7.2 percent for 2022-23.
• According to NSO, nominal GDP or GDP at current prices in 2021-22 was estimated to attain a level of Rs 236.44 lakh crore, as against Rs 198.01 lakh crore in 2020-21, showing a growth rate of 19.4 percent.
• During 2021-22, the per capita income (based on net national income) was Rs 1.5 lakh per annum at current price, showing a growth rate of 18.3 percent from 1,26,855 in 2020-21.

The Correct answer is 40th. 

Key Points

• The 40th Indian point to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List is located in Gujarat.
• While Dholavira came to the fourth point from Gujarat and 40th from India to make the list, it's the first point of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation( IVC) in India to get the label.
• In total, there are 121 monuments listed in UNESCO spots, across 167 countries.
• The oldest point of the Indus Valley Civilization, Bhirrana, and the largest point Rakhigarhi are located in the Indian state of Haryana.
• Further, 90 of the inscribed objects and seals discovered were set up at ancient civic centres along the Indus swash in Pakistan, substantially Harappa( Punjab) and Mohenjo- Daro( Sindh).

Additional Information 

• Dholavira is an archaeological point at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat in western India.
• Also known locally as Kotada timba, the point contains remains of a megacity of the ancient Indus Valley civilization.
• Dholavira’s position is on the Tropic of Cancer.
• It's one of the five largest Harappan spots and the most prominent of archaeological spots in India belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The point was" officially" discovered in 1967- 68 by J.P. Joshi, one of the Archaeological Survey of India( ASI).

Important Points 

• UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization( UNESCO) was established on 16 November 1945.
• UNESCO has 195 Members and 8 Associate Members and is controlled by the General Conference and the Executive Board.
• A World Heritage Site is a corner or area with legal protection by a transnational convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization( UNESCO).
• World Heritage spots are designated by UNESCO for having artistic, literal, scientific, or other forms of significance.
• Aux Meadows National Historic Park, was the first UNESCO world heritage point.
• The “ World Heritage Convention ” classifies the world heritage of humankind into two orders,' artistic heritage' and' natural heritage', easily indicated in the title of the convention.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key PointsNine Rasas(Navarasa):

• The Navarasa, in India’s traditional arts and literature, refers to the nine expressions or human emotions that humans show.
• These are the nine emotions that are known to evoke an audience during an experience of a dance, music, or drama performance according to the Natyashastra.
• The nine rasas are:
• Shringaara(Love)
• Roudra (Anger)
• Bibhitsa (Disgust) Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• Veera (Heroism)
• Shaant (Peace & Tranquility)
• Hasya (Laughter & Comedy)
• Karuna(Tragedy)
• Bhayanak (Horror)
• Adbhuta (Wonder)
• Just as life without rasas is incomplete, literature or film without rasas in proper proportion is deficient.

The correct answer is December 2022.

In News 

• The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Second Amendment) Bill, 2022 was passed in the Lok Sabha on December 16, 2022, and in the Rajya Sabha on December 22, 2022​​.

Additional Information 

• The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Second Amendment) Bill, 2022 is a bill introduced in the Indian Parliament that seeks to amend the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950. This order lists the tribal communities that are recognized as Scheduled Tribes in various states and Union territories of India.
• The amendment bill is often used to include or exclude certain communities in or from the list of Scheduled Tribes, based on various socio-economic and cultural factors. The precise details of what communities were affected by this specific amendment in 2022 would require further research.
• The recognition of a community as a Scheduled Tribe provides access to specific benefits and protections under the Indian constitution and various laws, intended to assist in the social, educational, and economic development of these traditionally marginalized and disadvantaged communities.

The correct answer is 25.57 crore.

Key Points

• The total enrolments and enrolments of boys and girls for the years 2018-19 to 2021-22 for different levels of education namely, pre-primary, primary, upper primary, secondary and higher secondary are as follows:
• The total enrolment in 2021-22 from primary to higher secondary levels of school education was a little over 25.57 Crore.
• Enrolment for boys was 13.28 Crore and that of the girls was 12.28 Crore.
• This was an increase by more than 19 lakhs over 2020-21.
• Total enrolment in schools (Class 1 to 12) has increased by 0.76 % in 2021-22 as compared to 2020-21.
• 

Important Points

• Number of Teachers:
• The total number of teachers has declined by 1.95 % in 2021-22 compared to 2020-21.
• Total number of teachers in 2021-22 was 95.07 lakh, which decreased from 97.87 lakh in 2020-21.
• The decrease in teachers during 2021-22 vis-àvis 2020-21 was 0.9% in Government schools, 1.45% in Government Aided Schools, 2.94 % in Private School and 8.3 % in Other schools.

The correct answer is 40.

Key Points

• In Himachal Pradesh, any party or alliance needs 35 assembly seats to form a stable government.
• Legislative Assembly elections were held in Himachal Pradesh on 12 November 2022 to elect 68 members of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
• After the delimitation of Assembly seats in the year 1971-72, the number of Members in the Assembly now stands at 68.
• The Congress has won 40 assembly seats in Himachal Pradesh while BJP emerged victorious in 25 constituencies.
• The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), which ran in the assembly election in Himachal Pradesh for the first time, came up empty-handed with only 1.10% of the vote.

Additional Information

• On 18 December 1970 the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25 January 1971.
• Thus Himachal Pradesh emerged as the eighteenth state of the Indian Union.
• Himachal Pradesh as a state has two capitals that include Shimla as the summer capital and Dharamshala as the winter capital.
• The decision to make Dharamshala the second capital of Himachal Pradesh was taken in 2017 by CM Virbhadra Singh to unite the whole state and bring parity between the lower and upper regions.

The correct answer is Sitar.

Key Points

• Mehboob Nadeem is the grandson of the legendary Ustad Vilayat Hussain Khan (Pranpiya) and Gayan Samrat Ustad Azmat Hussain Khan (Dilrang).
• He is a widely-respected sitar player who is acknowledged as one of the most accomplished of the present generation of the Vilayatkhani Gharana.
• Mehboob Nadeem is one of the leading Indian classical musicians based in the UK.
• He is an outstanding sitar player and vocalist.

Additional Information

• Indian Music Instruments and Players:
• Mridangam: Palakkad Mani Iyer, T.R. Murthy, Guruvayoor Doraiswami, Karaikudi R.Mani, Umayalpuram Shivaraman, Velloor A. Ramabhadran, Mavelikara Krishnan Kutty Nair.
• Sitar: Ravi Shankar, Mushtaq Ali Khan, Vilayat Khan, Uma Shankar Mishra, Nikhil Banerjee, Raiz Khan, Harashankar Bhattacharya, Budhaditya Mukherjee, Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan
• Sarod : Amjad Ali Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Rajiv Taranath.
• Violin : V.G. Jog, Lalgudi Jayaraman, T.N. Krishnan, Yehudi Mennuhin, M. S. Gopalakrishnan, Kunnukkudi Vaidyanathan, Kalyana Krishna Bhagavatar, L. Subramaniam, Chandayya, Kantha Devi, Gajannan Rao Joshi (Hindustani), Zubin Mehta (Western).
• Santoor: Shiv Kumar Sharma, Tarun Bhattacharya, Bhajan Sopperi.
• Flute: N. Ramani, Hariprasad Chaurasia, T.R. Mahalingam, Pannalal Ghosh, T. S. Shankaran, Sikkil Sisters.
• Mandolin: U. Srinivas, S. Balamurali Krishna.
• Piano : Surojeet Chatterji, Kaikhosh Shapurji, Sorabjee.
• Shehnai: Bismillah Khan, Bagheshwari Gamar, Bade Gulam Ali.
• Tabla: Alla Rakha, Zakir Hussian, Shankar Ghosh, Abad Mistry, Rimba Shiva, Santha Prasad, Sheikh Dawood, Sharafat Ahmed Khan, Kishan Maharaj, Ahmed, Tirkuva, Pt. Samta Prasad.

The correct answer is Port Blair.

Key Points

• In 1872, Lord Mayo, the Viceroy of India was assassinated at Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar by Sher Ali.
• Sher Ali was given life imprisonment at the penal settlement in the Andaman Islands when he stabbed and killed Lord Mayo.
• In February 1872, Lord Mayo was on a vice-regal visit to the Province of British Burma, which, since the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852, had been administered by a Chief Commissioner as part of the East India Company's (EIC) domains headquartered in Calcutta.

Additional Information

• Lord Mayo (1869-1872)
• Opening of the Rajkot College in Kathiawar and the Mayo College at Ajmer for political training of Indian princes.
• Establishment of Statistical Survey of India.
• Establishment of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce.
• Introduction of state railways.

The correct answer is 382/km².

Key Points

• India is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.
• The population density of India as per the 2011 Census was 382 persons per square kilometer.
• The worldwide average population density was approximately 15 people per sq. km.
• Bihar has the highest population density (1106 people per square kilometer), followed by Bengal (1028) and Kerala (860).
• The state with the lowest population density is Arunachal Pradesh (17 persons/sq) and the Union Territory with the lowest density of population is Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Additional Information

• The Census of India 2011 was organized in two stages trails of House listing and Housing Census and Population Enumeration.
• The population of India has been augmented by more than 181 million during the decade 2001-2011.
• As per the 2011 Census population report of India is pegged at 1.21 billion, a surge of more than 181 million in the last 10 years.

 Highlights of the 2011 Census of India

• The population of the nation as per the provisional figures of Census 2011 is 1210.19 million of which 623.7 million (51.54%) are males and 586.46 million (48.46%) are females.
• Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India its population is more than the population of Brazil.

The correct answer is Rohit Gurunath Sharma.

Key Points

• Dinesh Jawahar Lad has earned a niche in the world of willow and wickets by bagging the Dronacharya Award in the year 2022 for grooming many young cricketers, including heavyweights like Rohit Sharma and Shardul Thakur.
• The Dronacharya Award in the lifetime category for his contributions: Dinesh Jawahar Lad (Cricket), Bimal Prafulla Ghosh (Football), and Raj Singh (Wrestling).
• The Dronacharya Award for outstanding coaches in the Sports and Games Regular category went to Jiwanjot Singh Teja in Archery and Mohammad Ali Qamar in Boxing.
• The same award also went to Suma Siddharth Shirur (Para Shooting) and Sujeet Maan (Wrestling).

Additional Information

• ​Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar 2022: TransStadia Enterprises Private Limited, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Ladakh Ski & Snowboard Association.
• Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games 2022: Ashwini Akkunji C (Athletics), Dharamvir Singh (Hockey), BC Suresh (Kabaddi), Nir Bahadur Gurung (Para Athletics).

The correct answer is 120/80 mmHg.

Blood pressure:

• Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries and veins.
• It is expressed in terms of systolic and diastolic pressure.
• It is measured as millimetres of mercury above atmospheric pressure.

Key Points

• Ideal blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg.
• high blood pressure is considered to be 140/90mmHg or higher.
• low blood pressure is considered to be 90/60mmHg or lower.

Thus, the normal blood pressure of a human is 120  - 80 mm Hg.

Additional Information

• The blood pressure is measured by an instrument known as a sphygmomanometer.
• The study of blood is known as Haematology.
• The normal volume of blood in an adult human being is 4.7 to 5 litres.
• William Harvey was the first scientist to describe accurately how blood is pumped around the body by the heart.
• Karl Landsteiner classified the blood of human beings into A, B, AB, and O.
• Blood is purified mainly by the lungs which remove gaseous impurities like CO2 and kidneys which remove other impurities.

The correct answer is Rana Sanga. 

Key Points

• The Battle of Khanwa was fought in the year 1527.
• It was fought between the Mughal Emperor Babur and the Rajput King Rana Sanga of Mewar.
• Babur defeated Rana Sanga in the battle of Khanwa.
• It was fought in the village of Khanwa near Bharatpur, Rajasthan.

Additional Information

• Babur was the founder of the Mughal empire in the Indian subcontinent.
• He ruled the Mughal dynasty from 1526 to 1530.
• Babur came to India from Ferghana.
• Babur succeeded to the throne of Ferghana in 1494 when he was only 12 years old.
• He was forced to leave his ancestral throne due to the invasion of the Uzbeks(Mongol group).
• He was a descendant of Timur from his father's side and a descendant of Chengiz Khan from his mother's side.
• He defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat and captured Delhi and Agra in 1526.
• Rana Sanga - 
• He ruled between 1509 and 1527. A scion of the Sisodia clan of Suryavanshi Rajputs, Rana Sanga succeeded his father, Rana Raimal, as king of Mewar in 1509.
• He fought against the Mughals in the Battle of Khanwa, which ended with the Mughal victory, and died shortly thereafter on March 17, 1527.​
• Pratap Singh I, popularly known as Maharana Pratap, was a king of Mewar from the Sisodia dynasty.
• Pratap became a folk hero for his military resistance against the expansionism of the Mughal Empire under Akbar through guerrilla warfare which proved against the expansionism of the Mughal Empire under Akbar through guerrilla warfareagainst Mughals including Shivaji.
• The Battle of Haldighati was a battle fought on 18 June 1576 between the armies of the Rana of Mewar, Maharana Pratap, and the Mughal emperor Akbar's forces

The correct answer is Bank of Punjab.

Key Points

Additional Information

Bank of Baroda:

• Bank of Baroda (BOB or BoB) is an Indian nationalized banking and financial services company headquartered in Vadodara, Gujarat.
• It is the third largest nationalised bank in India, with 132 million customers, a total business of US$218 billion, and a global presence of 100 overseas offices.
• In the amalgamation process of the nationalized bank, the Vijaya Bank and the Dena Bank were merged with the Bank of Baroda on April 1, 2019.

The correct answer is Indian Institute of Science.

Key Points

• The Divecha Centre for Climate Change was established in January 2009 at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India.
• The centre is funded by the Government of India and the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment.
• The centre's mission is to understand the causes and impacts of climate change, and to develop solutions to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
• The centre has a strong research focus, and its scientists are working on a wide range of topics related to climate change, including:
• The causes of climate change
• The impacts of climate change on the environment
• The development of mitigation and adaptation strategies
• The communication of climate change science to the public
• The centre also has a strong outreach program, and its scientists are actively engaged in communicating climate change science to the public, policymakers, and the media.
• The Divecha Centre for Climate Change is a leading research institute in India that is working to understand and address the challenges of climate change.

Additional Information

• Indian Institute of Technology Delhi is a public technical and research university located in Delhi, India.
• It was established in 1961 and is one of the IITs, a group of premier engineering and technology institutes in India.
• The institute offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs in engineering, science, and technology.
• Delhi Technological University is a public technical and research university located in Delhi, India.
• It was established in 1921 and is one of the oldest engineering colleges in India.
• The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs in engineering, technology, and management.
• Birla Institute of Technology is a private technical and research university located in Pilani, India.
• It was established in 1950 and is one of the Birla Institutes, a group of premier engineering and technology institutes in India.
• The institute offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs in engineering, science, and technology.

The correct answer is Dr. VijayaKant Sharma.

Key Points

• The names of 11 scientists, who received the country’s highest science award Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for science and technology 2021 were announced on 26 September 2021.
• The prize is given to Indian scientists below the age of 45 for outstanding research in seven fields—Biology, Chemistry, Environment Science, Engineering, Mathematics, Medicine, and Physics.

Important Points

The correct answer is 'Rajasthan'.

Key Points 

• Rajasthan recorded the highest number of rape cases in the country in 2021, according to data recently released by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).
• As per the numbers, the crime rate in the country has increased by more than 19 per cent compared to the previous year (2020).
• While it ranks second after Uttar Pradesh in overall crime against women, it continues to be ahead in rape cases.
• Of the total 31,677 rape cases registered in the country, as many as 6,337 were in Rajasthan, while Uttar Pradesh reported 2,845.
• In the year 2020, the registered cases of rape in Rajasthanwere 5,310, which saw a 19.34 per cent rise in 2021.
• A total of 4,28,278 cases of crime against women were registered across the country in the year 2021. While Uttar Pradesh tops with 56,083 cases, it is followed by Rajasthan where 40,738 cases have been registered, Maharashtra ranked third with 39,526 cases and West Bengal fourth with 35,884 cases.

Additional Information 

• The National Crime Records Bureau, abbreviated to NCRB, is an Indian government agency responsible for collecting and analyzing crime data as defined by the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Special and Local Laws (SLL).
• NCRB is headquartered in New Delhi and is part of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India.
• The current Director of National Crime Record Bureau is Ramphal Pawar (IPS).
• NCRB was set-up in 1986 to function as a repository of information on crime and criminals so as to assist the investigators in linking crime to the perpetrators.

The correct answer is Hilton Young Commission.

Key Points 

• The Reserve Bank of India was set up on the basis of the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance also known as the Hilton-Young Commission.
• The Reserve Bank of India was established following the Reserve Bank of India Act of 1934. After that, RBI started its operations on 1 April 1935.
• Headquarters of RBI- Mumbai.
• The nationalization of RBI took place in 1949 and from January 1, 1949, RBI started working as a government-owned bank.
• First Governor: Sir Osborne Smith
• First Indian Governor: C.D. Deshmukh
• Current Governor: sanjay malhotra

Additional Information The main functions of RBI are:

• Note issuing organization and determine monetary policy,
• RBI controls the credit operations of banks through quantitative and qualitative tools,
• Holds the cash reserves of all the scheduled banks,
• Controls the banking system through the system of licensing,
• Acts as the lender of the last resort.

The correct answer is Tummalapalle mine.

Key Points

• The Tummalapalle Mine is a uranium mine found in Tumalapalli hamlet in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.
• The results of studies undertaken by India's Atomic Energy Commission in 2011 led analysts to believe that this mine may hold one of the world's greatest uranium reserves.
• On July 19, 2011, Dr. S. Banerjee, Secretary of the Department of Atomic Energy and Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India, confirmed 49,000 tonnes of uranium reserves and speculated that there could be three times that amount, making Tummalapalle the world's largest uranium mine.

Important Points

• The Jaduguda Mine is a uranium mine located in Jaduguda village, Purbi Singhbhum district, Jharkhand, India.
• Since April 1995, the Narwapahar Mine has been the first completely mechanized mine in operation.
• The Bhatin Mine is a tiny underground mine 3 kilometers from Jaduguda. It uses Jaduguda Mine's infrastructure for the most part.

The correct answer is Isolator.

Key Points

• Isolator: This term does not refer to a specific component within a standard battery.
• In general, an "isolator" might be used in various electrical or electronic contexts to separate different parts of a system, but it's not a component you'd find in the list of parts for a typical chemical battery.
• Separator: This is a barrier that separates the two electrodes (anode and cathode) inside the battery.
• Its primary purpose is to prevent a short circuit between the electrodes while allowing the flow of ionic charge carriers that are needed to carry current through the battery during discharging and charging.
• Electrolyte: This is the medium through which ions move between the electrodes during charging and discharging.
• In other words, it's the chemical medium that facilitates the flow of electric charge between the cathode and anode.
• Electrodes: These are the parts of the battery where the reactions take place.
• They consist of the anode (negative electrode) and the cathode (positive electrode).
• The anode is where oxidation occurs (loss of electrons), and the cathode is where reduction occurs (gain of electrons).

The correct answer is Uday Umesh Lalit.

Key Points

• Justice DY Chandrachud to Take Oath As New Chief Justice of India.
• Dhananjaya Yashwant Chandrachud is an Senior-most Supreme Court judge who is serving as the 50th and current Chief Justice of India since 9 November 2022.
• He succeed U. U. Lalit, who served as 49th CJI from 27 August to 8 November 2022.
• D. Y. Chandrachuda has been part of several Constitution benches and landmark verdicts of the top court including on matters relating to the Ayodhya land dispute, the right to privacy and adultery.
• Justice Chandrachud was also part of the benches which delivered path-breaking judgements on decriminalising same-sex relations after it partially struck down Section 377 of the IPC, the validity of the Aadhaar scheme and the Sabarimala issue.
• Kamal Narain Singh was the 22nd Chief Justice of India having the shortest tenure of 17 days as Chief Justice of India.
• U. U. Lalit has tenure of 80 days.

The correct answer is Lata Mangeshkar.

Key Points 

• Lata Mangeshkar is the singer who received France's highest civilian award, Officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour, in 2007.
• Lata Mangeshkar is one of the best-known and most respected playback singers in India.
• She has recorded songs for over a thousand Hindi films and has sung songs in over thirty-six regional Indian languages and foreign languages.
• In 2007, the French government awarded her with the "Officier de la Légion d'Honneur" ("Officer of the Legion of Honour"), which is the highest civilian award in France.
• The award was given in recognition of her exceptional career in the field of music and her contribution to enhancing India's cultural presence in the world.

Additional Information 

• M.S. Subbulakshmi: An iconic Indian Carnatic singer. She was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor.
• S.P. Balasubrahmanyam: An acclaimed Indian musician, playback singer, music director, actor, and film producer in South Indian cinema.
• He won the Guinness World Record for recording the highest number of songs.
• Girija Devi: An eminent Indian classical singer of the Seniya and Banaras gharanas.
• She performed classical and light classical music and helped elevate the profile of thumri (a light classical form).

The correct answer is Article 28.

Key Points

• Article 28: Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.
• This Article mandates that No religious instruction would be imparted in the state-funded educational institutions.
• The State will be the administrator of educational institutions but that was established under any endowment or trust which requires that religious instruction shall be imparted in such institutions that are exempt from the above clause.

Important Points

According to the given information:

So, Dinesh is 3km far from the starting point.

Hence, "3 km" is the correct answer.

Family Chart:

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Given: ‘C @ F × K + D'

So, C is the husband of F. F is the mother of K. K is the father of D.

Hence, C is the 'Father' of K.

The pattern followed is,

Option (1): DANCE : DBPFI

Option (2): GUIDE : GVKGI

Option (3): IMAGE : INCJH

Option (4): BREAD : BSGDH

All follow the same pattern, except ‘IMAGE : INCJH’.

Hence, “IMAGE : INCJH” is the odd one.

The logic follows here is:

Option (1): Dog : Bitch → The opposite gender of a 'dog' is called 'bitch'.

Option (2): Nephew : Niece → The opposite gender of a 'Nephew' is called 'Niece'.

Option (3): Son : Daughter → The opposite gender of a 'Son' is called 'Daughter'.

Option (4): Lion : Den → The opposite gender of a lion is a lioness. A den is where a lion lives or stays.

All options follow the same logic except option (4).

Hence, "Option (4)" is the correct answer.

The image obtained when the paper is unfolded is,

Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

Given letters:

E, N, O, E, D, R, ?

Now we check all the options:

Option (1): H → E, N, O, E, D, R, H → No meaningful word can be created.

Option (2): C → E, N, O, E, D, R, C → 'ENCODER' meaningful word we can create. As C is missing, so C will be the correct answer.

Option (3): G → E, N, O, E, D, R, G →  No meaningful word can be created.

Option (4): A → E, N, O, E, D, R, A →  No meaningful word can be created.

Hence, "Option (2)" is the correct answer.

By using BODMAS rule, we get

27 × 2 + 41.5 × 1.5 + 13.7 × 4.75 

⇒ 54 + 62.25 + 65.075

⇒ 181.325 → Approx. 181.32

Hence, the correct answer is "option (4)".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

• Kamal says, " Khusboo's mother is the only daughter of my mother ".

Hence, Kamal is the 'Maternal uncle' of Khusboo.

Given:

Six girls A, K, S, M, U, and T are sitting around a circle facing the centre.

1. U sits between A and K.

2. A sits second to the left of T.

3. K sits exactly opposite M.

So, "S" sits to the immediate right of T.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1): S".

Given word: "RECOGNIZE"

Condition given:

1. Each vowel in the word is changed to the following letter (Means next letter) in the English alphabetical order.

2. Each consonant is changed to the following letter in the English alphabetical order.

So, 3rd from the right:

Hence, the correct answer is "J".

Six persons M, N, P, Q, R and S going to the Taj Mahal for their vacation on different days starting from Monday and ending on Saturday.

1. Q goes to the Taj Mahal on Thursday.

2. The number of people who go to the Taj Mahal before S is the same as the number of people who go to the Taj Mahal after Q.

3. M goes to the Taj Mahal immediately before S.

4. N goes to the Taj Mahal immediately before R.

5. Only two persons go to the Taj Mahal between P and Q.

So, P goes to the Taj Mahal on "Monday".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)"

Given:

L's age is 4 times A's age.

4 years from now L will be thrice as old as A.

Calculation:

According to the question,

L = 4A      ----(1)

After 4 years, the relation between their age would be:

L + 4 = 3(A + 4)      ----(2)

Putting the value of A from equation (1) to equation (2),

4A + 4 = 3(A + 4)

⇒ 4A – 3A = 12 – 4

⇒ A = 8 years.

So, The present age of A is 8 years. putting this value in eq. 1.

L = 4A = 4 × 8 = 32.

The age of A and L is respectively "8,32".

Hence, the correct answer is "8,32".

The pattern follows here:

The square is rotated 90-degree clockwise direction in each step:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Given:

44.92 - 84.99 ÷ 17.01 + 14.92 × 11.08 = ?

Approximate value:

45 - 85 ÷ 17 + 15 × 11

Calculate the approximate value:

= 45 - 85 ÷ 17 + 15 × 11

= 45 - 5 + 15 × 11

= 45 - 5 + 165

= 210 - 5

= 205

Hence, the correct answer is "205".

Letters which is immediately followed by an odd number and immediately preceded by an even number.

even number → Letter → odd number 

( Left ) N M 1 K T 6 (4 A 9) S P (4 Y 1) 4 U J 9 (8 T 3) X 7 F (6 A 3) Y 5 K 2 Z A G ( Right )

There are four letters that follow the conditions: (4 A 9), (4 Y 1), (8 T 3), (6 A 3)

Hence, 'Four'  is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

• The upper right side shape is shifting to the lower left side.
• After shifting the shape is changed into a mirror image.

• The lower left side shape is shifting to the upper right side.
• After shifting the shape is changed into a new shape.

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, "G750" is the next term in the series.

The logic follow here:

Two previous numbers multiple is the next number.

  

Hence, the correct answer is "6561".

The logic follow here:

Hence, the correct answer is "130".

Given:

1) Rohan is ninth from the left and Kapil is fifteenth from the right.

2) When they exchange their places, Rohan will be eleventh from the left.

<br>

Total number of children = Rohan's new position rank from the left + Rohan's new position rank from the right - 1

= 11 + 15 - 1 = 25

Kapil's new position rank from the right = Total number of children - Kapil's new position rank from the left + 1

= 25 - 9 + 1 = 17

Hence, the correct answer is "Seventeenth".

Given:

 "KABOBS" is written as "LZCNCR"

Similarly,

"EXPORT" is written as

Hence, "EXPORT" is written as "FWQNSS".

This paper look when unfolded:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Given:

Eight friends A, L, O, E, K, S, T and M are sitting around the circle facing the centre.

1. A is sitting opposite O.

2. L is sitting second to the left of O.

3. S is sitting to the opposite of L.

4. E sits exactly between O and L.

5. T is sitting exactly between O and S.

6. K is sitting to the opposite of T.

So, "M" is sitting between A and S.

Hence, the correct answer is "M".

Condition given:

Conditions:

1. If the first and last numbers are odd digit, both are to be coded as "K".
2. If the first and last digit is even, they are to be coded as "A".

Find the code for 2 5 9 4 8 7 3 4.

Here you can see the first and last digit is even, they are to be coded as "A"

So 2 and 4 is code as A

Other numbers is coded as according to the given table.

So,  2 5 9 4 8 7 3 4 is coded as A = ) + ( % - A.

Hence. the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The shaded part represents the people who are both Intelligent and active but NOT lazy.

The letter that represents the people who are both Intelligent and active but NOT lazy is = D

Hence, the correct answer is "D".

Shortcut Trick

Total Work (LCM of 15, 10) = 30 units.

Efficiency: A = 2, B = 3.

Work in 2 days (B + A) = 3 + 2 = 5 units.

Pairs of days needed = 30 ÷ 5 = 6 pairs.

Total days = 6 × 2 = 12 days.

∴ The correct answer is 12 days.

Alternate Method

Given: Time taken by A = 15 days, Time taken by B = 10 days.

Formula Used: Total Work = LCM of individual days; Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time.

⇒ B starts the work on the first day.

⇒ Day 1 (B): 3 units completed.

⇒ Day 2 (A): 2 units completed.

⇒ Work completed in 1 cycle (2 days) = 3 + 2 = 5 units.

⇒ Number of cycles required = Total Work ÷ Work per cycle = 30 ÷ 5 = 6 cycles.

⇒ Total time = 6 cycles × 2 days/cycle = 12 days.

∴ The correct answer is 12 days.

Additional Information

Alternate Day Work

In alternate day problems, the sequence of workers matters. If the total work is not exactly divisible by the cycle sum, the remaining work is handled by the person whose turn it is next.

Efficiency and Time

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a task. Efficiency = Work ÷ Time.

Work and Wages

Wages are generally distributed in the ratio of the actual work done by each individual, which is (Efficiency × Time).

Calculation:

 

∴ The total sales of all seven years are the maximum for 32AH battery.

Shortcut Trick

Calculate the Circumference of the full circle: 2 × (22/7) × 21 = 132 cm.

The Arc Length is 44 cm, which represents 44/132 = 1/3 of the total Circumference.

The Sector Angle is 1/3 of the full circle angle (360°): 1/3 × 360° = 120°.

∴ The correct answer is 120°.

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius (r) = 21 cm

Arc Length (l) = 44 cm

Formula Used:

Arc Length (l) = (θ ÷ 360°) × 2πr

 

 

Calculations:

⇒ 44 = (θ ÷ 360) × 2 × (22 ÷ 7) × 21

⇒ 44 = (θ ÷ 360) × 2 × 22 × 3

⇒ 44 = (θ ÷ 360) × 132

⇒ θ = (44 × 360) ÷ 132

⇒ θ = 360 ÷ 3

⇒ θ = 120°

∴ The correct answer is 120°.

Additional Information

Area of a Sector

The area of a sector can be calculated using the formula Area = (θ ÷ 360) × πr² or Area = (1/2) × r × l.

Perimeter of a Sector

The total boundary length of a sector is given by Perimeter = Arc Length + 2 × Radius.

Radian Measure

If the angle is in radians, the relationship is simply Arc Length (l) = Radius (r) × θ (in radians).

Degree-Radian Conversion

To convert degrees to radians, multiply by π/180. To convert radians to degrees, multiply by 180/π.

Calculation:

Given that,

9 × x2 × 52 = 625

⇒ x² = 625/ (9 × 5²)

⇒ x2 = 625/ (9 × 25)

⇒ x2 = 25/ 9

⇒ x = 5/3

Therefore 

3x + 5 = 3 × (5/3) + 5

∴ 3x + 5 = 10

Formula Used:

Profit percentage = (Profit/Cost price) x 100

Calculation:

Let's assume the marked price of each pencil is Rs. 1. So, the retailer buys 75 pencils for Rs. 60.

Now, if the marked price of each pen is Rs. 1, then

Selling price = 1 - 6/100 = 0.94

The selling price of 75 pencils = 75 x 0.94 = Rs. 70.5

The cost price of 75 pencils is Rs. 60. So, the profit made by the retailer is:

Profit = Selling price - Cost price

Profit = 70.5 - 60 = Rs. 10.5

Profit percentage = (10.5/60) x 100

Profit percentage = 17.5%

Therefore, the profit percentage for the retailer is 17.5%.

Shortcut Trick

Net percentage change when a value is increased by x% and then decreased by y% is given by: x − y − (x × y)/100.

Here, Markup (x) = 21% and Discount (y) = 12%.

Net Profit % = 21 − 12 − (21 × 12) / 100

Net Profit % = 9 − 2.52 = 6.48%

∴ The correct answer is 6.48%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Markup percentage = 21%

Discount percentage = 12%

Calculations:

Let the Cost Price (CP) of the article be 100.

⇒ Marked Price (MP) = CP + 21% of CP = 100 + 21 = 121

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount

⇒ SP = 121 − (12% of 121)

⇒ SP = 121 − (12 / 100 × 121)

⇒ SP = 121 − 14.52 = 106.48

⇒ Actual Profit = SP − CP = 106.48 − 100 = 6.48

⇒ Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100 = (6.48 / 100) × 100 = 6.48%

Markup: +21%

-12%

Profit %

CP 100

SP 106.48

MP 121

Actual Profit = 6.48%

∴ The correct answer is 6.48%.

Additional Information

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). The basic relationship is: Selling Price = MP − (Discount % × MP / 100).

Successive Percentage Change

When a quantity changes by x% and then by y%, the overall net change percentage is given by the formula [x + y + (x × y)/100]%. Use negative signs to denote discounts or losses.

Relation between CP, SP, and MP

A very useful direct ratio formula to find unknown values quickly is: MP / CP = (100 + Profit %) / (100 − Discount %).

Formula used:

a² - b² = (a - b)(a  + b)

Calculation:

x = (0.052)² - (0.025)² = (0.052 - 0.025)(0.052 + 0.025)

⇒ x = $\frac{(0.52 - 0.25)(0.52 + 0.25)}{ 100}$

⇒ y = (0.52)² - (0.25)² = (0.52 - 0.25)(0.52 + 0.25)

⇒ y/x =  $\frac{ (0.52 - 0.25)(0.52 + 0.25)}{ (0.52 - 0.25)(0.52 + 0.25)}\times 100$

⇒ y/x = 100

Therefore, the value of y/x is 100.

Formula used:

S.I = P × R × T/ 100

Calculation:

Total amount (A) after 3 years = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (S.I)

⇒ 17,360 = 14,000 + S.I

⇒ S.I = 17,360 - 14,000

⇒ S.I = 3,360

But S.I = (P × R × T) / 100

⇒ 3,360 = (14,000 × R × 3) / 100

⇒ 336 = 42 × R

⇒ R = 336 / 42

⇒ R = 8

∴ The rate of interest offered is 8%.

Formula used:

Area of triangle = (1/2) × Base × Height

The perimeter of the triangle = Sum of all sides

Calculation:

The ratio of sides = 6 : 8 : 10

Perimeter = Sum of sides

(6 + 8 + 10) unit = 12cm

24 unit = 12 cm

1 unit = 0.5 cm

Sides of the triangle are

6 × 0.5 = 3, 8 × 0.5 = 4, 10 × 0.5 = 5

Therefore, the sides of a triangle are 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm which is a Pythagorean triple in which 5 cm will be the hypotenuse.

Area = (1/2) × Base × height

Area = (1/2) × 3 × 4 = 6 cm²

Formula used:

Average = Sum of observations / Total number of observations

Calculation:

Average of sales A, C, E, and F branches for the years 2020

A₁ = (65 + 75 + 59 + 81) / 4 = 280 /4 = 70

A₂ = (72 + 88 + 63 + 88) / 4 = 311 /4 = 77.75

A₁ :A₂ = 70 : 77.75 = 14 : 15.55

∴ The required ratio is 14 : 15.5.

Formula used:

Average speed = Total distance / Total time taken

Calculation:

Total distance = 171 km + 84 km + 160 km = 415 km

Total time taken = (D₁ / S₁) + (D₂ / S₂) + (D₃ / S₃)

⇒ (171 km / 57 km/h) + (84 km / 42 km/h) + (160 km / 40 km/h)

⇒ 3 hours + 2 hours + 4 hours = 9 hours

Now, let's calculate the average speed:

Average speed = Total distance / Total time taken

∴ Average Speed =  415 km / 9  = $46\frac{1}{9}$ hours

Formula used:

Average Speed = Total distance / Total time

Speed = Distance / Time

Calculation:

Let the required speed is V & total distance is D.

We know that

Average Speed = Total distance / Total time

⇒ 54 = $\frac{d}{\frac{d}{3 × 48}+\frac{2d}{3 × V}}$

⇒ 54 = $\frac{1}{\frac{1}{3× 48}+\frac{2}{3V}}$

⇒ $\frac{1}{3 × 48}+\frac{2}{3V} = \frac{1}{54}$

⇒ $\frac{1}{ 48}+\frac{2}{V} = \frac{1}{18}$

⇒ $\frac{2}{V} = \frac{1}{18}-\frac{1}{ 48} = \frac{8-3}{144}$

⇒ 2/V = 5/144 

⇒ V = (144 × 2)/5 = 57.6 km/hr

Therefore, Ramesh's speed for the rest of the distance is 57.6 km/h.

Shortcut Trick

Sum of lengths = 260 + 220 = 480 m

Relative speed (Opposite) = 480 ÷ 4 = 120 m/s

Relative speed (Same) = 480 ÷ 8 = 60 m/s

Speed of slower train = (120 − 60) ÷ 2 = 30 m/s

In kmph = 30 × (18 ÷ 5) = 108 kmph

∴ The correct answer is 108 kmph.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of Train 1 (L₁) = 260 m

Length of Train 2 (L₂) = 220 m

Time in opposite direction (T_o) = 4 seconds

Time in same direction (T_s) = 8 seconds

Formula Used:

Relative Speed = (L₁ + L₂) ÷ Time

Speed of slower train = (V₁ − V₂) ÷ 2 where V₁ and V₂ are relative speeds.

Calculations:

⇒ Total distance to be covered = 260 + 220 = 480 m

⇒ Let speeds of trains be u and v ( v)

⇒ Relative speed in opposite direction (u + v) = 480 ÷ 4 = 120 m/s

⇒ Relative speed in same direction (u − v) = 480 ÷ 8 = 60 m/s

⇒ Subtracting the equations: (u + v) − (u − v) = 120 − 60

⇒ 2v = 60 ⇒ v = 30 m/s

⇒ Speed in kmph = 30 × (18 ÷ 5) = 108 kmph

∴ The correct answer is 108 kmph.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concept

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed is the difference of their speeds. In opposite directions, it is the sum of their speeds.

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5. To convert from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18.

Train Crossing Rule

When a train crosses another train, the total distance covered is always the sum of the lengths of both trains, regardless of direction.

Formulas used:

Compound Interest = Amount - Principal 

Amount = Principal × (1 + r/100)n

Note: For half-yearly compound interest, the time is doubled and the rate is divided by two

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100 

Calculation:

We know that

Compound Interest = Amount - Principal 

⇒ 2496 = P × (1 + 16/200)^{2 × 1} - P

⇒ 2496 = P [(1 + 2/25)² - 1]

⇒ 2496 = P [(27/25)2 - 1]

⇒ 2496 = P [(27 × 27 - 25 × 25) / (25 × 25)]

⇒ 2496 = P [(729 - 625) / 625]

⇒ 2496 = P [(104) / 625]

⇒ P = (2496 × 625)  / 104 = 15000

Now simple interest on 15000 with a rate of interest 16% for 2 years 

S.I = (15000 × 16 × 2)/100 = 4800

∴ The required value is 4800.

Calculation:

Let's assume A's initial capital is 3x and B's initial capital is 5x.

Ratio of investment

⇒ (4 × 3x + 8 × 2 × 3x) : (4 × 5x + 8 × 0.6 × 5x)

⇒ (12x + 48x) : (20x + 24x)

⇒ 60x: 44x = 15 : 11

B's share can be calculated as (11/26) × 34  = 14.38 lakhs.

Formula used:

L.C.M × H.C.F = Product of two numbers 

Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder 

Calculation:

Let's assume the two numbers are x and y

The sum of their LCM and HCF is 400

L + H = 400

But, L= 24 × H

⇒ 25 H = 400 or

⇒ H = 16

L = 24 × 16

⇒ L = 384

Since, Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder 

⇒ x = 7 × 6 + 6

⇒ x = 48

Now by using the property

L.C.M × H.C.F = Product of two numbers 

⇒ 384 × 16 = 48 × y

⇒ y = 128

⇒ x + y = 48 + 128 = 176

⇒ 176 = 1 + 7 + 6 = 14

∴ The sum of digits of the sum of two given numbers is 14.

Shortcut Trick

Total Distance = 100 + 120 + 150 = 370 km

Total Time = (100 ÷ 50) + (120 ÷ 40) + (150 ÷ 60) = 2 + 3 + 2.5 = 7.5 hours

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time = 370 ÷ 7.5 = 740 ÷ 15 = 148 ÷ 3 = 49(1/3) km/h

∴ The correct answer is 49(1/3) km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

First segment: Distance (d₁) = 100 km, Speed (s₁) = 50 km/h

Second segment: Distance (d₂) = 120 km, Speed (s₂) = 40 km/h

Third segment: Distance (d₃) = 150 km, Speed (s₃) = 60 km/h

Formula Used:

Average Speed = (Total Distance) ÷ (Total Time)

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Time taken for 1^st part (t₁) = 100 ÷ 50 = 2 hours

⇒ Time taken for 2^nd part (t₂) = 120 ÷ 40 = 3 hours

⇒ Time taken for 3^rd part (t₃) = 150 ÷ 60 = 2.5 hours

⇒ Total Time = 2 + 3 + 2.5 = 7.5 hours

⇒ Total Distance = 100 + 120 + 150 = 370 km

⇒ Average Speed = 370 ÷ 7.5

⇒ Average Speed = 370 ÷ (15 ÷ 2) = (370 × 2) ÷ 15

⇒ Average Speed = 740 ÷ 15 = 148 ÷ 3

⇒ Average Speed = 49(1/3) km/h

∴ The correct answer is 49(1/3) km/h.

Additional Information

Average Speed Formula

The average speed for any journey is always calculated as the Total Distance covered divided by the Total Time taken.

Equal Distance Shortcut

If a body travels two equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed is given by (2xy) ÷ (x + y).

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Calculation:

We have $\frac{a^4+b^4+c^4}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}$

Put a = 1, b = 1, c = - 2

$\frac{(1)^4+(1)^4+(-2)^4}{(1)^2(1)^2+(1)^2(-2)^2+(-2)^2(1)^2}$

$\frac{1+1+16}{1+4+4} = \frac{18}{9} =2$

Alternate MethodFormula used:

If a + b + c = 0 then 

a⁴ + b⁴ + c⁴ = 2(a²b² + b²c² + c²a²)

Calculation:

We have $\frac{a^4+b^4+c^4}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}$

By using the above identity

$\frac{2(a^2b^2 + b^2c^2 + c^2a^2)}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}$ = 2

Calculation:

A can do a piece of work in 72 days.

1-day work of A = 1/72

9-day work of A = 9/72 = 1/8

Remaining work  = 1 - 1/8 = 7/8

Now, 7/8 unit work is completed by B in 42 days

1 unit of work completed by B in 42 × (8/7) = 48 days. 

So, A & B can complete the work in 72 days & 48 days respectively. 

Work done by A & B together in 1 day

⇒ (1/48) + (1/72) = (3 + 2)/144 = 5/144

∴ A and B working together, finish the same work in 144/5 or $28\frac{4}{5}$

Concept:

Orthocenter:

• The orthocenter is the intersection point of all three altitudes of a triangle.
• The term "ortho" means "right." Hence, the orthocenter indicates the center of all the right angles from the vertices to the opposite sides i.e., the altitudes.

 

Calculation:

We have lines x = 0, y = 0 and x + y = 9 

Clearly, x =0 is the equation of the y-axis, and y = 0 is the equation of the x-axis.

We know that both the x & y axis are interset at the origin (0, 0)& these lines are ⊥ as well.

Therefore, the orthocenter will be at the origin i.e. (0, 0).

Shortcut Trick

Apply the Successive Percentage Change formula: Net % Change = a + b + (ab/100)

Here, a = −12% (Price decrease) and b = +24% (Sales increase).

Net Change = −12 + 24 + [(−12 × 24) ÷ 100]

Net Change = 12 − 2.88 = 9.12%

Since the result is positive, it indicates an Increase in Total Revenue.

∴ The correct answer is Increase 9.12%.

Alternate Method

Given: Price decrease = 12% | Sales increase = 24%

Formula Used: Revenue = Price × Quantity

⇒ Let the initial Price be ₹100 and initial Quantity Sold be 100 units.

⇒ Initial Total Revenue = 100 × 100 = ₹10,000

⇒ New Price = 100 − 12% of 100 = ₹88

⇒ New Quantity Sold = 100 + 24% of 100 = 124 units

⇒ New Total Revenue = 88 × 124 = ₹10,912

⇒ Change in Revenue = 10,912 − 10,000 = ₹912

⇒ Percentage Change = (912 ÷ 10,000) × 100 = 9.12%

∴ The correct answer is Increase 9.12%.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

When a value is changed by x% and then by y%, the effective change is given by [x + y + (xy/100)]%.

Revenue and Expenditure Relationship

Revenue = Price × Consumption. If the price increases by x%, consumption must decrease by [x/(100+x) × 100]% to keep revenue constant.

Successive Discounts

Two successive discounts of d₁% and d₂% are equivalent to a single discount of [d₁ + d₂ − (d₁d₂/100)]%.

Formula used:

Percentage increase in expenditure = [(New expenditure - Initial expenditure) / Initial expenditure] × 100

Calculation:

Initial consumption = 100 kg

Initial expenditure = Rs. 45/kg × 100 kg = Rs. 4,500

New consumption = 80% of initial consumption = 0.8 × 100 kg = 80 kg

New expenditure = Rs. 63/kg × 80 kg = Rs. 5,040

Percentage increase in expenditure = (New expenditure - Initial expenditure) / Initial expenditure] × 100

⇒  [(Rs. 5,040 - Rs. 4,500) / Rs. 4,500] × 100%

⇒ (540/4500) × 100 = 12%

∴ The required value is 12%.

Formula used:

1. Area of a triangle using the length of 2 sides and an angle between them 

A = (1/2) × ab sin C

2. Area of a triangle when all three sides are given 

A = √S(S - a)(S - b)(S - c)

S = (a + b +  c) / 2

Calculation:

Statement:1 If two sides are 27 units, 77 units, and one angle is 75 degrees.

Here, we don't know which angle is known. So we can not determine the area of a triangle.

Statement:2 If the three sides of the triangle are 24 units, 18 units, and 30 units. 

From this data, we can find the area of the triangle by using the formula 2.

∴ The question can be answered using statement II alone.

Formulas Used:

Perimeter of triangle = sum of all sides

Calculation:

The sides of a triangle are in the ratio =  $\frac{1}{24} : \frac{1}{20} : \frac{1}{15}$

LCM of 24, are 15 = 120

The sides of the triangle are in the ratio

⇒ (1 × 120/24) ∶ (1 × 120/20) ∶ (1 × 120/15) = 5 ∶ 6 ∶ 8

Let the sides of the triangle be 5x, 6x and 8x respectively 

Perimeter of a triangle = 38 cm

5x + 6x + 8x = 38

⇒ 19x = 38

⇒ x = 2

The longest side is 8x = 2 × 8 = 16

∴ The length of the largest side of the triangle is 16 cm.

Calculation:

Let V be Varun's present age.

According to the question, Arun's present age is 2V - 1

We have

Varun age + 5 = (2/3) present age of arun

⇒ V + 5 = (2/3)(2V - 1)

⇒ 3V + 15 = 4V - 2

⇒ V = 17 years

Varun's present age is 17 years

Arun's present age

⇒ A =  2(17) - 1

⇒ A = 33 years.

After 2 years,

V = 17 + 2 = 19 years, A = 33 + 2 = 35 years.

The sum of their ages after 2 years from now is 19 + 35 = 54 years.