CISF Head Constable Ministerial 30 July 2023 (Shift 2) Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The Correct Answer is Raman Lamba.

Key Points

• Raman Lamba died at the Post Graduate Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on 23 February 1998, after being struck by a cricket ball hit by Mehrab Hossain on the temple by his left arm spinner Saifullah Khan while fielding on his short forward shoulder.
• In four Tests and 32 One Day Internationals, Raman played primarily as a batsman. In Bangladesh's Dhaka Premier League, he was a famous player and also represented Ireland in unofficial One Day International matches.
• Lamba died as a result of an internal haemorrhage after falling into a coma, three days after being struck by a cricket ball on the temporal bone while fielding in Bangladesh's league cricket.

Important Points 

• Prithipal Singh was an Indian field hockey player called by hockey commentators as the "King of the Short Corner." He played three times in Olympic field hockey, scoring the highest number of goals as a single-player each time.
• Syed Modi was an Indian singles badminton player. He (1980-87) was the eight-time National Badminton champion.
• Krishanu Dey was an Indian footballer from Kolkata. He was an attacking midfielder and, because of his footballing ability and playing style, was known as the "Indian Maradona" by his fans.

The correct answer is Bangladesh.

Key Points 

• In recent years, this 75-mile stretch on the Bangladeshi coast i.e Cox's Bazar beach, the world's longest 'natural sand' beach, has attracted massive amounts of development across its three major beaches: Laboni, Humchari, and Inani beach.

Additional Information 

• Cox's Bazar has become a major international tourist destination in Bangladesh because of quiet sunsets, and fine white sands.
• President of Bangladesh- Mohammed Shahabuddin (Feb 2023)
• Prime Minister- Sheikh Hasina
• Capital- Dhaka
• Currency- Taka

The Correct Answer is Jahangir.

Key Points

• Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English East India Company to establish their factory in 1613 at Surat.
• The British East India Company came to India for trading in spices, an important commodity in Europe back then and as it was used to preserve meat.
• Apart from this, they primarily do trading in silk, cotton, indigo dye, tea, and opium.
• Mughal emperor Jahangir granted a Farman to Captain William Hawkins permitting the English to erect a factory at Surat in 1613.
• In 1615, Thomas Roe, the Ambassador to James I, got an imperial Farman from Jahangir for doing trading and establish factories all across the Mughal empire.
• In 1616, the company established its first factory in the south in Masulipattanam.
• Soon, the Vijaynagara Empire will also give the company permission to open a factory in Madras and the British company started to eclipse out the other European trading companies in their rising power.
• The 'East India Company' was formed in 1600.

Additional Information 

• Jahangir was born to Maryam-uz-Zamani and Akbar on August 30, 1569.
• He was named Sultan Muhammad Salim after Shaikh Salim Chishti of Fatehpur Sikri.
• Akbar called him Sheik Babu.
• After his coronation, he assumed the title of Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Badshah Ghazi.
• Jahangir was the only surviving son of Akbar who after his father’s death ascended the throne in 1605, at the age of 34 years.

The Correct Answer is forelimb / upper limb.

Concept:

• Forelimb / upper limb bones include the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, and metacarpals.
• The upper limb is divided into three parts. These parts consist of the arm, located between the shoulder and elbow joints, the forearm, which is in between the elbow and wrist joints, and the hand, which is located distal to the wrist.
• There are 30 bones in each upper limb.

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Additional Information 

• The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm, and the ulna (medially) and the radius (laterally) are the paired bones of the forearm.
• The base of the hand contains eight bones, each called a carpal bone, and the palm of the hand is formed by five bones, each called a metacarpal bone.
• The fingers and thumb contain a total of 14 bones, each of which is a phalanx bone of the hand.
• Auxiliary nerve, Radial, Median, Ulnar and Musculocutaneous are 5 major nerve intervention in arm

The Correct Answer is 4 August 2009.

Key Points 

• The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE), is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009.
• This law describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21a of the Indian Constitution.
• India became one of the 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the Act came into force on 1 April 2010.
• This Act also provides that no child shall be held back, expelled, or required to pass a board examination until the completion of elementary education.
• There is also a provision for special training of school drop-outs to bring them up to par with students of the same age.
• This  RTE Act is the first legislation in the world that puts the responsibility of ensuring enrolment, attendance, and completion on the Government.
• This Act lays down specific responsibilities for the centre, state and local bodies for its implementation.
• The Ministry of HRD set up a high-level, 14-member National Advisory Council (NAC) for implementation of the Act.
• The members included Kiran Karnik, former president of NASSCOM; Krishna Kumar, former director of the NCERT, Mrinal Miri, former vice-chancellor of North-East Hill University, Yogendra Yadav – social scientist. India.

The Correct Answer is Punjab National Bank.

Key Points 

• The Union Cabinet has approved the amalgamation of 10 public sector banks, including Allahabad Bank, Andhra Bank and OBC, with effect from 1 April, to create four major state-owned lenders.
• There were seven major public sector banks (PSBs) following the restructuring and five smaller ones. In 2017, there were as many as 27 PSBs.
• Oriental Bank of Commerce and United Bank of India have been merged into Punjab National Bank, Syndicate Bank into Canara Bank, Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank into Union Bank of India, and Allahabad Bank into Indian Bank, as per the mega consolidation strategy.

Important Points 

• The merger results in the formation of seven large PSBs with size and national scope, with businesses of over Rs 8 lakh crore per amalgamated entity.
• The implementation of best practices across merging organisations will enable banks to enhance their cost efficiency and risk management, as well as boost the objective of broader financial inclusion.

The correct answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• The Hirakud Dam was constructed across the Mahanadi River, 15 kilometers (9 mi) from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha.
• Hirakud Reservoir, 55 km long, extends behind the dam. It is one of the first major multipurpose projects in the river valley that started after India's independence.
• Sir M. Visvesvaraya suggested a thorough investigation of the storage reservoirs in the Mahanadi basin after the devastating floods of 1936 in the Mahanadi basin.
• In 1945, Labor member Dr. B.B. R. Ambedkar agreed to invest in the potential benefits of controlling the Mahanadi for multi-purpose use.
• The foundation stone of the Hirakud Dam was laid on 15 March 1946 by the Governor of Odisha, Sir Hawthorne Lewis.
• In June 1947, a project report was sent to the government. The first batch of concrete was laid by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 12 April 1948.
• The dam was completed in 1953 and officially inaugurated by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 January 1957. In 1957, the total cost of the project was 1,000.2 million rupees.

The Correct Answer is Dilwara Temple.

Key Points 

• The Dilwara Temples are a group of Jain svetambara temples situated about 2.5 kilometres from the settlement of Mount Abu, the only hill station in Rajasthan.
• The earliest were built by Vimal Shah and allegedly planned or at least funded by Vastupala, Dholka's Jain minister.
• They date from the 11th and 16th centuries, creating some of the most prominent monuments in the architectural style of Māru-Gurjara, renowned for their use of very pure white marble and intricate carvings of marble. Among the most renowned Jain temples are the five Dilwara Temples.

 

Important Points

• The five temples are:
• Vimal Vasahi: This temple dedicated to the first Jain Tirthankara, Shri Adinatha
• Luna Vasahi: This temple dedicated to the 22nd Jain Tirthankara, Shri Neminatha
• Pittalhar: This temple dedicated to the first Jain Tirthankar, Shri Adinatha
• Parshvanath: This temple dedicated to the 23rd Jain Tirthankara, Shri Parshvanatha
• Mahavir Swami: This temple dedicated to the last Jain Tirthankara, Shri Mahaviraswami

Additional Information 

• Saheliyon-ki-Bari is a large garden and a popular tourist spot in Udaipur, Rajasthan.
• At the edge of the Aravalli Hills stands Nahargarh Fort, overlooking the city of Jaipur in Rajasthan.
• In the town of Bansberia in Hooghly District, West Bengal, Hanseswari temple is a Hindu temple of the goddess Hangseswari (the goddess who came in the dream of Raja Nrisingha Deb Roy Mahasay).

The Correct Answer is Kashmir.

Key Points

• Kahwa chai is a traditional form of tea from Kashmir.
• Kahwah is a traditional preparation of green tea (Camellia sinensis) consumed in Pakistan, Afghanistan, some Central Asian regions, and in northern India, especially in the Kashmir Valley.
• The tea is made to add a great fragrance by boiling green tea leaves with saffron cultivated in Kashmir, cinnamon bark, cardamom pods, and sometimes Kashmiri roses.
• Kashmiri Hindus have often referred to Mogul chai as kahwa. That means that this tea was introduced back then by the Mughal emperors in the valley.
• In Kashmir, the term Kahwah means "sweetened tea" although the word also tends to be synonymous with the Turkish word for coffee (kahveh), which may, in turn, be derived from the Arabic word "qahwah."

The Correct Answer is Dalhousie.

Key Points

• Dalhousie  is a hill station in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh in the Chamba district. It is located on five hills and has an elevation above sea level of 1,970 m (6,460 ft).
• Dalhousie Town was named after The Earl of Dalhousie who, while creating this place as a summer retreat, was the British Governor-General in India.
• During the season, the average night temperature is around 4 °C (39 °F), while the high is close to 11 °C (52 °F). Snowfall here is quite a popular feature, which adds to the town's bitter cold.

 

Important Points

• Binsar hill station is located in the Indian state Uttarakhand.
• Nainital is a famous hill station in Uttarakhand. It is the judicial capital of Uttarakhand, where the State High Court is situated and is the headquarters of the division of Kumaon and the eponymous district.
• Lansdowne, in Pauri Garhwal district, in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, is a cantonment town. Lansdowne is a town and hill station in Uttarakhand, India, situated on the Kotdwar-Pauri road at an altitude of 1,780 m.

The Correct Answer is Exposure to UV radiation.

 Key Points

• Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is naturally produced by the sun, while the UV from the sunbeds is artificial. Our skin is affected by 2 major forms of UV rays.
• Skin cancer can be caused by both types:
• UVB is responsible for most sunburns.
• Deep in the skin, UVA penetrates. The skin ages, but it contributes much less to sunburn.
• The most harmful of all may be a third form of UV ray, UVC, but it is filtered out by the ozone layer and does not hit the surface of the earth.
• The genetic material (DNA) in your skin cells may be affected by too much UV radiation from the sun or sunbeds.
• It may cause cells to start growing out of control if enough DNA damage builds up over time, which can lead to skin cancer.
• Sunburn is a short-term warning of possible long-term DNA damage and is a direct indication that too much UV radiation has weakened the DNA in your skin cells. Sunburn is skin damage and the reaction of your body to try to restore it.

The correct answer is Wind.

Key Points 

• Anemophily’ is a form of abiotic pollination in which pollen is distributed by wind.
• It is also called as a wind pollination which is predominant in grasses, most conifers and many deciduous trees.
• Other common anemophilous plants are oaks, sweet chestnuts, alders etc.

Additional Information 

• Pollination is a process carried out by all flowering plants in which the matured pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma in flowering plants.
• There are two types of pollination:
• Self-Pollination:  When the pollen grains from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant.
• Cross-Pollination: When the pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one flower into the stigma of another flower of different plants of the same species.

The Correct Answer is 1925.

Key Points 

• Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) was the apex governing body of field hockey in India formed on 7 November 1925 in Gwalior.
• It is the first Non-European Country which was a part of International Hockey Federation
• As a member of the International Hockey Federation, it represented India in all international matches under the former leadership of KPS Gill & the secretary of the federation, K.Jyothikumaran.
• The women's team was directed by the Indian Women's Hockey Federation.
• R. K. Shetty was elected as a new IHF president in 2010.

The correct answer is Raghunath Rao

Important Points 

• The first Anglo-Maratha war(1775-82) was started with the Treaty of Surat in 1775. It was signed in Bombay.
• According to this treaty, the Raghunath Rao will be helped by the English. The English will send 2500 soldiers to help Rao to become Peshwa.
• In return, the English wanted that Rao should surrender Bassein and Salsetteto to them. And also to give revenues from Bharuch and Surat.
• He was born in 1734 in Satara. He was preceded by Narayanrao and succeeded by Madhavarao Narayan.
• The war ended with the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.

The correct answer is Green Revolution

The concept of Minimum Support Price (MSP) for crops was announced for the first time by the Government of India after the Green Revolution

Important Points

• Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs announces Minimum Support Price.
• MSP is announced on the basis of recommendations given by the Commission on Agricultural Costs and Price (CACP).
• In formulating the recommendations for MSP, CACP considers a number of things like the cost of production, input-output price parity, demand, and supply, etc.
• MSP is a kind of insurance that the government provides to farmers in case of a bumper production of a crop and a fall in prices.
• The government is bound to buy the crop at MSP from farmers if the price of the crop falls critically due to excessive supply.
• Pricing for sugarcane is governed under Sugarcane (control) order, 1997, and Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) is provided for it.
• Currently, MSP is provided for 14 Kharif crops, 6 Rabi crops, and 2 other commercial crops while FRP is provided for Sugarcane.

Additional Information

• The green revolution is referred to as a period when Indian agriculture was converted into an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and technologies.
• Indian agriculture made a transition from old and manual methods and new, innovative and technological methods.
• It included the use of products like high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers which were either not used or used on a very limited scale.
• The Indian Green Revolution was the brainchild of M.S. Swaminathan.
• The Indian Green Revolution was a part of the larger and global Green Revolution started by Norman Borlaug.
• Norman Borlaug is called the “Father of Green Revolution”.
• Norman Borlaug has also conferred the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his contribution in saving over 1 billion people worldwide from dying of starvation.
• The revolution led to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.

The correct answer is A Wizard of Earthsea

Key Points

• A Wizard of Earthsea is not written by J.K. Rowling. It is a fantasy novel by Ursula K. Le Guin, first published in 1968. It is the first book in the Earthsea series and is highly acclaimed for its imaginative world-building and compelling storytelling.
• The other three options are indeed works by J.K. Rowling:
• Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them: This book is written under the pseudonym Newt Scamander and is part of the Harry Potter universe. It explores the magical creatures in the wizarding world.
• The Casual Vacancy: This is J.K. Rowling's first novel written for an adult audience, published in 2012. It is a social and political commentary that departs from her fantasy fiction work.
• The Tales of Beedle the Bard: This book is a collection of fairy tales mentioned in the Harry Potter series. It was also written by J.K. Rowling and published in 2008.

Additional InformationBooks by J.K. Rowling:

• Harry Potter Series:
• Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (1997)
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998)
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999)
• Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000)
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003)
• Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2005)
• Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007)
• Fantastic Beasts Series:
• Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald – The Original Screenplay (2018)
• Under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith:
• The Cuckoo's Calling (2013)
• The Silkworm (2014)
• Career of Evil (2015)
• Lethal White (2018)
• Troubled Blood (2020)

The correct answer is Nagaland.

• The Sonakong forms a part of the ethnic culture from Nagaland.
• Sonakong means ‘call of log drum’ of Naga people.
• Culture is defined as the learned and shared behaviours, beliefs, attitudes, values, and material objects that characterize a particular group or society.
• Ethnicity is the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition

Additional Information

• Nagaland has formed the 16th state of India on 1 December 1963.
• 70% of the state's economy is based on agriculture activity and other important economic activities of the state are forestry, tourism, insurance, real estate, and miscellaneous cottage industries.
• In Nagaland legislature held 60 seats and one seat for Lok sabha and also one seat for Rajya sabha.
• Kohima is the capital city of Nagaland.
• Dimapur is the largest city in Nagaland.
• After independence, the area of Nagaland was a part of the province of Assam.

The correct answer is Baji Rao II.

Key Points

• The last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire was Baji Rao II.
• Baji Rao II, the son of the former Peshwa Raghunathrao, was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire and ruled from 1795 to 1818.
• Nana Sahib, also known as Dhondup Pant, was the adopted son of the last Peshwa Baji Rao II.
• Indian Peshwa of the Maratha empire, Nana Sahib led the rebellion in Kanpur by motivating the rebels against British rule.

The correct answer is three

Octopuses have three hearts, a systemic heart that circulates blood around the body and two branchial hearts that pump it through each of the two gills.

Key Points

• The systemic heart is inactive when the animal is swimming and thus it tires quickly and prefers to crawl.
• Octopus blood contains the copper-rich protein hemocyanin to transport oxygen.
• This makes the blood very viscous and it requires considerable pressure to pump it around the body.
• Octopus's blood pressures can exceed 75 mmHg.
• All octopuses are venomous, evidence shows that the animal does not make the venom by itself, but are produced by symbiotic bacteria instead.
• The blue-ringed octopus is the most venomous to humans and they are fatal.
• These sea or marine creatures lack the skeletal system and are grouped into
• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Mollusca
• Class: Cephalopoda
• Genus: Octopus

The correct answer is diamond

The chemical formula of a diamond is 'C'

Key Points

• Diamond is the purest crystalline allotrope of carbon having a number of carbons, linked together tetrahedrally.
• Each carbon atom in a diamond is surrounded by four other carbon atoms and connected to them by strong covalent bonds - the strongest type of chemical bond.
• The colourless diamonds are used in making gems and coloured diamonds like black diamonds are used in glass cutting and in making rock drilling machines.
• The allotropes of carbon like a diamond, graphite coal, etc are crystalline solid but wood, stone are non-crystalline solid.

The Correct Answer is Carbon dioxide.

Key Points 

• During respiration, yeast produces carbon dioxide.
• When active yeast has both sugar and oxygen available in it, it 'breathes' by a process known as aerobic respiration.
• Anaerobic respiration involves the breakdown of carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen.
• Yeast reproduces rapidly and produces carbon dioxide during respiration.
• It is reproduced through budding.
• It also produces water during this reaction.
• Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. It is an excellent source of protein and vitamins, especially the B-complex vitamins.
• A type of yeast called Brewer’s yeast has been used as a nutritional supplement for years.

The correct answer is 3mm

The ozone layer over the earth's surface is approximately 3mm thick.

Additional Information

• The ozone layer is found in the upper part of the atmosphere called the stratosphere.
• It acts as a shield absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
• UV rays are highly injurious to living organisms since the DNA and proteins of living organisms preferentially absorb UV rays, and it's high energy breaks the chemical bonds within these molecules.
• The thickness of the ozone in a column of air from the ground to the top of the atmosphere is measured in terms of Dobson units (DU).
• Ozone gas is continuously formed by the action of UV rays on molecular oxygen and also degraded into molecular oxygen in the stratosphere.
• The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty, was agreed on 16th September 1987, and entered into force on 1st January 1989, designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
• International Day for the preservation of Ozone Layer is celebrated on 16th September every year.

The correct answer is Allahabad Bank

• Allahabad Bank was merged with Indian Bank from April 1, 2020.

Important Points

• The government plans to merge 10 public sector banks into 4.
• The number of nationalized banks in the country becomes 27 in 2017 to 12 at present.
• In a first three-way amalgamation, Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank will merge with Bank of Baroda (BoB) from April 1, 2019, to create the third-largest lender of the country.

Additional Information

• New mergers include:
• Punjab National Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, and the United Bank of India will combine to form the nation’s second-largest lender. Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank.
• Union Bank of India will amalgamate with Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank.

The correct answer is acrophobia

Intense fear of heights that can cause significant anxiety and panic is described in Acrophobia.

Important Points

The Correct Answer is Sucrose.

Key Points

• Sucrose is a natural sweetener.
• Sucrose is crystallized white sugar produced by the sugar cane plant and can be found in households and foods worldwide.
  

It is a disaccharide made up of 50% glucose and 50% fructose and is broken down rapidly into its constituent parts.

• The formulae for ;sucrose is C12H22O11.
• The carbohydrates obtained from fruits, plants, seeds, roots, and nuts are natural sweeteners.
• Honey, molasses, maple syrup, cocoa sugar, agave nectar, date sugar, and xylitol are widely used natural sweeteners.

Additional Information

Aspartame:-

• Aspartame is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener.
• It is 200 times sweeter than sugar, commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages.

Sucralose:-

• It is a zero-calorie artificial sweetener.
• Splenda is the most common sucralose-based product.
• It is made by sugar in a multistep chemical process in which three hydrogen-oxygen groups are replaced with chlorine atoms

Saccharin:-

• It is an artificial sweetener.
• It has effectively no food energy.
• It is about 300 to 400 times as sweet as sucrose but it has a bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at very high concentrations.
• It is used to sweeten products such as drinks, candies, cookies, and medicines.

Given :

The number of three consecutive numbers = 87

Calculation :

Let the three consecutive natural numbers be x , (x + 1) , (x + 2)

According to the question,

x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 87

⇒ 3x + 3 = 87

⇒ 3x = 87 - 3

⇒ 3x = 84

⇒ x = 28

Middle term = x+1 

⇒ 28 + 1 = 29

∴ The middle number is 29.

Calculation:

LCM of 3, 6, 9, and 15 is 90.

Therefore,

(1/3) × 90 = 30

(4/15) × 90 = 24

(8/9) × 90 = 80

(5/6) × 90 = 75

∴ The greatest fraction $\frac{8}{9}$

Formula Used:

(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

Calculation:

$3 \frac{3}{5} \times 3 \frac{3}{5}+2 \times 3 \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{2}{5}+\frac{2}{5} \times \frac{2}{5}$

On comparing it with the above formula,

$a = 3\frac{3}{5}, \ b = \frac{2}{5}$

We can write this as

$( 3\frac{3}{5}+ \frac{2}{5} )^2 =(\frac{18}{5}+\frac{2}{5})^2 = (\frac{20}{5})^2 = 4^2 = 16$

$\therefore 3 \frac{3}{5} \times 3 \frac{3}{5}+2 \times 3 \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{2}{5}+\frac{2}{5} \times \frac{2}{5} = 16$

Concept:

Place value: It is the value represented by a digit in a number on the basis of its position in the number.

Calculation:

27.0645 = 20 + 7 + 0.0 + 0.06 + 0.004 + 0.0005

∴ The place value of 4 in the numeral 27.0645 is 0.004

Calculation:

$√{0.9}$ = √(9/10) = 3/√10 = 3/3.16

∴ $√{0.9}$ = 0.948

Concept :

A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of its digits at odd places and the sum of its digits at even places is either 0 or divisible by 11.

Calculation:

For option 1) 28171:

(1 + 1 + 2) - (8 + 7) = 4 - 15 = -11

Since the difference is -11, the number is divisible by 11.

For option 2) 27667:

(2 + 6 + 7) - (7 + 6) = 15 - 13 = 2

The number is not divisible by 11

For option 3) 29817:

(2 + 8 + 7) - (9 + 1) = 17 - 10 = 7

The number is not divisible by 11.

For option 4) 28196:

(2 + 1 + 6) - (8 + 9) = 9 - 17 = -8

The number is not divisible by 11

∴ The number divisible by 11 among the given options is 28171.

Given:

The difference in ages of Rahim and his uncle = 30 years

After 7 years, the sum of their ages = 66 years

Concept used:

Use the given information to set up a system of linear equations and solve for

the unknown variables.

Calculation:

Let the present age of Rahim & his uncle be x & (x + 30) years respectively.

After 7 years,

Rahim's age = (x + 7) years, and

His uncle's age = (x + 30 + 7) years.

According to the given information, 

(x + 7) + (x + 30 + 7) = 66.

x + x + 44 = 66.

2x + 44 = 66.

2x = 22.

x = 11

Rahim's uncle's present age = x + 30 = 11 + 30 = 41 years.

∴ The age of the uncle is 41 years, which corresponds to option 4.

Given:

Hypotenuse of the right-angled triangle = 13 cm

One of the perpendicular sides = 5 cm

Concept used:

The area of a right-angled triangle = (1/2) × base × height

Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c²,

Where a and b are the other two sides, and c is the hypotenuse.

Calculation:

Given a = 5 cm and c = 13 cm,

Using the Pythagorean theorem,

5² + b² = 13²

b² = 13² - 5² = 169 - 25 = 144

b = √144 = 12 cm

The area of the triangle = (1/2) × 5 × 12 = (1/2) × 60

∴ The area of the triangle = 30 cm².

Given:

The number of marble slabs of size 20 cm × 30 cm

Square room side is 3 m

Formula used:

Area of square = side2

Number of marble slabs = Total area of room/Each marbles slabs size

Calculation:

Size of marble slabs = 20 × 30 = 600 cm2

Side length of square room = 3 meters

Area of square = 32 = 9 m2 = 9 × 100 × 100 cm2

The number of marble slab required = (9 × 100 × 100)/600 = 900/6 = 150 marbles

∴ The number of marbles is 150.

Given

SP = Rs.800

Discount% = 12%

Concept used

MP - SP = Discount

Calculation

12% = 3/25

MP : SP = 25 : 22

SP = Rs.880 (Given)

22 unit = 880

1 unit = 40

25 unit = 1000

Mark price = Rs.1000

Given:

The volume of the cylinder (V) is 4400 cubic centimeters.

The diameter of the cylinder (D) is 20 centimeters.

Formula Used:

The volume of a cylinder can be found using the formula

V = πr² h,

Where r is the radius and h is the height of the cylinder.

Calculation:

Radius r = 20 / 2 = 10

Use the formula for the volume of a cylinder,

4400 = (22/7)(10)²h

1400 = 100 h 

h = 14

∴ The height of the cylinder is approximately 14 cm.

Formula used:

A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no divisors other than 1 and itself.

Calculation:

Prime numbers between 30 to 50 are 31, 37, 41, 43, and 47

∴ Total prime numbers = 5

Given:

The length of a rectangle is 5m more than its breadth. The area of the hall is 750 m2

Concept used:

Area of rectangle = Length × Breadth

Calculation:

Let the breadth of the rectangle be x meter

Length of the rectangle will be x + 5 meter

Area of rectangle = x(x + 5)

⇒ x2 + 5x = 750

⇒ x2 + 5x - 750

⇒ x2 + 30x - 25x - 750 = 0

⇒ x(x + 30) -25(x + 30)

⇒ (x + 30) (x - 25)

⇒ x = 25, x = -30

Breadth = 25m

Length = 25 + 5 = 30 m

∴ Length of the rectangle is 30 m.

Shortcut Trick

The time after which all bells ring together is the LCM of their individual ringing intervals.

LCM of 6, 7, 9, and 12 = 252 seconds.

Since the bells ring together every 252 seconds, we check for 252 or its multiples in the options.

Next multiple = 252 × 2 = 504 seconds, which matches an option.

∴ The correct answer is 504 seconds.

Alternate Method

Given:

Intervals at which the four bells ring = 6, 7, 9, and 12 seconds.

Concept Used:

The bells will ring together again after a time that is exactly divisible by all the individual intervals. This specific time represents the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the given numbers. If the exact LCM is not among the options, any integer multiple of the LCM is a valid answer since the bells continue to ring together periodically.

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorization of 6 = 2 × 3

⇒ Prime factorization of 7 = 7

⇒ Prime factorization of 9 = 3²

⇒ Prime factorization of 12 = 2² × 3

⇒ LCM = Product of the highest powers of all present prime factors

⇒ LCM = 2² × 3² × 7

⇒ LCM = 4 × 9 × 7 = 252 seconds

⇒ This means the bells will ring together every 252 seconds (i.e., at 252s, 504s, 756s, etc.).

⇒ Analyzing the given options, we find that 504 is exactly divisible by 252 (252 × 2 = 504).

∴ The correct answer is 504 seconds.

Additional Information

LCM for Periodic Events

For events that repeat at different regular intervals (like bells tolling, traffic lights changing, or runners on a circular track), they will all occur together again at exactly the LCM of their individual intervals.

Multiples of LCM

If the events coincide for the first time at the LCM, they will continue to simultaneously coincide at every successive integer multiple of the LCM (e.g., 2 × LCM, 3 × LCM).

HCF for Maximum Grouping

While LCM is for simultaneous forward occurrences, the Highest Common Factor (HCF) is used when dividing items into the largest possible equal groups without leaving any remainder (e.g., cutting ropes into maximum equal lengths).

Formula Used:

Average = Sum of all observations / total number of observations

Calculation:

The first 9 multiples of 3  are 

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27

Sum = 135

Average = 135 / 9 = 15

∴ The average of the first nine multiples of 3 is 15.

Calculation:

1. 0.55567

2) $\frac{5}{9}$ = 0.5555..

3) $\frac{17}{32}$ = 0.53125

4) $\frac{7}{13}$ = 0.5384

∴ 0.55567 is the biggest value.

Shortcut Trick

Given that 1 ÷ 3.125 = 0.32.

The denominator 0.0003125 is obtained by shifting the decimal point of 3.125 four places to the left.

This means 0.0003125 = 3.125 ÷ 10,000.

Substituting this in the target expression: 1 ÷ (3.125 ÷ 10,000) = (1 ÷ 3.125) × 10,000.

Value = 0.32 × 10,000 = 3200.

∴ The correct answer is 3200.

Alternate Method

Given:

1 ÷ 3.125 = 0.32

To find:

1 ÷ 0.0003125

Calculations:

⇒ 1 ÷ 0.0003125 = 1 ÷ (3.125 × 10⁻⁴)

⇒ 1 ÷ 0.0003125 = (1 ÷ 3.125) × (1 ÷ 10⁻⁴)

⇒ 1 ÷ 0.0003125 = (1 ÷ 3.125) × 10⁴

⇒ Substituting the value of 1 ÷ 3.125 = 0.32

⇒ 0.32 × 10,000

⇒ 3200

∴ The correct answer is 3200.

Additional Information

Decimal Shifting Property

When the decimal point in the denominator is moved n places to the left, the overall value of the fraction is multiplied by 10ⁿ.

Scientific Notation

Writing numbers in the form a × 10ⁿ simplifies division and multiplication by large or small numbers. Here, 0.0003125 is 3.125 × 10⁻⁴.

BODMAS Rule

Always follow the order of Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction during simplification tasks.

Calculation:

Number of hours in 1 day = 24

Given number hour = 2

Required % = (2/24) × 100 = 25/3 

∴ Required % = $8 \frac{1}{3} \%$

Formula Used:

S.I = PRT/100 = A - P

Calculation:

Given that,

P = 1860, A = 2641.20, R = 12 %

By using the above formula,

2641.20 - 1860 = (1860 × 12 × T)/100

781.2 × 100 = 1860 × 12 × T

T = (781.2 × 100) /(1860 × 12)

∴ T = 3.5 = $3 \frac{1}{2}$ years.

Calculation:

A' can do $\frac{1}{6}$ of work in 5 days. So,

A can do 1 unit of work in 30 days

Similarly,

B can do 1 unit of work in 20 days

In 1 day, they can complete (1/30) + (1/20) = 1/12 unit work

So, the total work will be completed in 12 days.

Calculation:

Let the efficiency of pipe A be 1 unit/hour

Efficiency of pipe B = 3 units/hour

Efficiency of C = 6 units/hour

Total efficiency of A, B, and C = 1 + 3 + 6 = 10

They finish in 4 hours

⇒ Total work = (1 + 3 + 6) × 4 = 40 units

Pipe A alone can fill the whole tank in = 40/1 = 40 hrs.

∴ The correct answer is 40 hours.

Shortcut Trick LCM of 20 and 12 = 60 eggs. Cost Price (CP) of 60 eggs = 3 × ₹7 = ₹21. Selling Price (SP) of 60 eggs = 5 × ₹7.20 = ₹36. Profit earned on 60 eggs = ₹36 − ₹21 = ₹15. Since ₹15 profit is on 60 eggs, ₹30 profit will be on (60 ÷ 15) × 30 = 120 eggs. ∴ The correct answer is 120 eggs.

Alternate Method Given: Cost Price (CP) of 20 eggs = ₹7 Selling Price (SP) of 12 eggs = ₹7.20 Total Profit earned = ₹30

Formula: Profit = Selling Price (SP) − Cost Price (CP) ⇒ CP of 1 egg = 7 ÷ 20 = ₹0.35 ⇒ SP of 1 egg = 7.20 ÷ 12 = ₹0.60 ⇒ Profit earned on 1 egg = 0.60 − 0.35 = ₹0.25 ⇒ Let the number of eggs bought be 'n'. ⇒ Total Profit = n × Profit per egg ⇒ 30 = n × 0.25 ⇒ n = 30 ÷ 0.25 ⇒ n = 3000 ÷ 25 ⇒ n = 120 Thus, the total number of eggs bought by Meena is 120, which corresponds to Option (2). ∴ The correct answer is 120 eggs.

Additional Information Unitary Method in Profit & Loss Always calculate the CP and SP for a single unit to simplify calculations when quantities for buying and selling are different. Profit Percentage Formula Profit % = (Profit ÷ Cost Price) × 100. In this case, Profit % = (0.25 ÷ 0.35) × 100 ≈ 71.42%. Relationship between CP, SP and Profit If SP > CP, it is a Profit. If CP > SP, it is a Loss. Total Profit = Quantity × (SP per unit − CP per unit).

Formula Used:

% Change = (|Final - Initial| / Initial ) × 100

Calculation:

Initial price = Rs. 14 per liter

Final price = Rs . 15.40 per liter

% Change = [(15.4 - 14)/ 14] × 100

% Change = (1.4/ 14) × 100 = 10 %

∴ The required value is 10%.

Concept:

Theorem - If M1 Persons can do a work W1 in D1 days after doing work for H1 hour in a day with E1 efficiency and M2 Persons can do a work W2 in D2 days after doing H2 hour per day with E2 efficiency. Then we have a general formula in this case.

$\frac{{{M_1}{D_1}{H_1}{E_1}}}{{{W_1}}} = \frac{{{M_2}{D_{2;}}{H_2}{E_2}}}{{{W_2}}}$

(M1× D1× H1) = (M2 × D2 × H2)

Calculation:

M1 = 8, D1 = 5, 

M2 = ?, D2 = 4, 

So, using the above formula, we get,

8 × 5 = M₂ × 4 

M₂ = $\frac{{40}}{4} = 10$

Shortcut Trick

Path area when width 4m is inside a circle of radius 23m:

Area = π × width × (2 × Outer Radius − width)

Area = (22/7) × 4 × (2 × 23 − 4) = (22/7) × 4 × 42 = 22 × 4 × 6 = 528 m²

Cost = Area × Rate = 528 × 500 = Rs. 2,64,000

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 2,64,000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Outer radius (R) = 23 m

Path width (w) = 4 m

Rate of paving = Rs. 500/m²

Formula Used:

Area of circular path = πR² − πr² = π(R² − r²)

Calculations:

⇒ Inner radius (r) = Outer radius − Path width

⇒ r = 23 − 4 = 19 m

⇒ Area of the path = π × (23² − 19²)

⇒ Area = (22/7) × (529 − 361)

⇒ Area = (22/7) × 168

⇒ Area = 22 × 24 = 528 m²

⇒ Total Cost = Area × Rate

⇒ Total Cost = 528 × 500 = Rs. 2,64,000

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 2,64,000.

Additional Information

Area of a Circular Ring

The area of the region between two concentric circles is given by π(R² − r²) or π(R + r)(R − r).

Inner vs Outer Path

For a path inside: r = R − width. For a path outside: R = r + width.

Circumference of Circle

The distance around the circle is 2πr, where r is the radius of the circle.

The pattern follows here is;

Hence, "805" is the correct answer.

Given:

XUVMRSTMWNVWOPMWUVACWMV

M's are there in the above series which are immediately preceded by 'W' and immediately followed by 'V'

W M V

So;

XUVMRSTMWNVWOPMWUVACWMV

So, there is only one pair in the above arrangement.

Hence, the correct answer is "1".

According to the English alphabet series and its positional value:

The logic follows here is: 

Similarly;

Hence,  the correct answer is "QCOQ"

These years have been written in ascending order.

Year - Period of twelve months

Lustrum - Period of five years

Decade - Period of ten years

Century - Period of hundred years

Millennium - Period of thousand years

So, the correct order is;

3. Year

1. Lustrum

5. Decade

2. Century

4. Millennium

Hence, the correct answer is "3, 1, 5, 2, 4".

LOGIC: Sum of Bottom Numbers - Upper Number = Middle Number

In Figure (1) →

(8 + 4) - 3 = 12 - 3 =9

And;

In Figure (2) →

(6 + 5) - 4 = 11 - 4 = 7

Similarly;

In Figure (3) →

(9 + 3) - 5 = 12 - 5 = 7

Hence, the correct answer is "7".

1. Sameer is older than Milon but not as old as Arjun.

Arjun > Sameer > Milon

2. Priya is older than Sam but not as old as Milon. 

Milon > Priya > Sam

Combining both the statements;

Arjun > Sameer > Milon > Priya > Sam

Arjun is oldest among all of them.

Hence, the correct answer is "Arjun".

The pattern follows here is;

Hence, the correct answer is "84".

The pattern followed here is;

Hence, the correct answer is "22".

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this is as follows;

Hence, the correct answer is "G".

The key characteristic that sets "Horse" apart from the other options is that it is a domesticated animal used for transportation, work, and recreational purposes.

While;

"Dog," "Wolf," and "Jackal" are all members of the canine family and share similar characteristics, such as being wild animals, carnivores, and having similar physical appearances and behaviors.

Hence, the correct answer is "Horse".

According to the English alphabet series and its positional value:

The logic follows here is: 

Similarly;

Hence,  the correct answer is "WB"

"Odometer", "Thermometer", and "Barometer" are all instruments used to measure something (distance, temperature, and atmospheric pressure respectively).

While;

"Degree" is a unit of measurement but not an instrument.

Hence, the correct answer is "Degree".

Additional Information

Odometer: An odometer is a device that measures the distance traveled by a vehicle. It is used in automobiles and other vehicles.

Thermometer: A thermometer is a device used to measure temperature. It usually consists of a bulb containing a liquid (such as mercury or alcohol) that expands or contracts with temperature changes, which are then displayed on a scale.

Degree: A degree is a unit of measurement used to quantify angles or temperatures. In the context of this word list, "degree" is a general term that can refer to various types of measurements, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit.

Barometer: A barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure. It helps in predicting weather changes, especially when it comes to indications of approaching storms or changes in air pressure.

LOGIC: Two Figures of First Image Combine to give second Image.

In Figure (1) and Figure (2) →

Similarly;

In Figure (3) and Figure (4) →

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

In Figure (b), Figure (c), and Figure (d) there are seven (7) Stars.

But;

In Figure (a) there are Nine (9) stars.

So, Figure (a) is different.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

'Waiter' is related to 'Restaurant'.

Because a waiter is typically a worker who serves customers in a restaurant.

Similarly;

The word that completes the analogy is 'Factory.'

'Worker' is commonly associated with a 'Factory' as workers are often employed in factories to carry out manufacturing or production tasks.

Hence, the correct answer is "Factory".

The logic followed is:

Decoding the information, 

 

Given the equation: 23 R 16 V 4 P 2 T 10 = ?

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

= 23 + 16 × 4 ÷ 2 - 10 

= 23 + 16 × 2 - 10

= 23 + 32 - 10

= 55 - 10

= 45

Hence, the correct answer is "45".

The given figure when unfolded is as follows:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The mirror image of this image is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The arrangement of the given words in a logical and meaningful order is as shown below :

The increasing order of universe from core of a planet is shown.

1. Core
2. Surface
3. Atmosphere
4. Galaxy
5. Universe

Hence, the correct answer is "1, 4, 2, 5, 3".

Given, 

Here in the given figure,

2, 3 and 5 spots are shown on the adjacent sides of spot 6 face.

So, only spots 1 and 4 can be the possible answers.

As we have spot 1 only in the option. 

Hence, the correct answer is "1".

Checking each option one by one:

Given equation: 4 × 3 - 2 + 6 = 4

1) × and - →

4 - 3 × 2 + 6 = 4

= 4 - 6 + 6

= 10 - 6

= 4 = R.H.S.

2) - and + →

4 × 3 + 2 - 6 = 4

= 12 + 2 - 6

= 14 - 6

= 8 ≠ R.H.S

3) × and + →

4 + 3 - 2 × 6 = 4

= 4 + 3 - 12 

= 7 - 12

= - 5 ≠ R.H.S.

4) Equation is correct →

4 × 3 - 2 + 6 = 4

= 12 - 2 + 6

= 18 - 2

= 16 ≠ R.H.S

Hence, "+ and -" is the correct answer.

As per the given information;

Finally, he turned to the right hence he is facing in the West direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "West".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

A possible tree diagram will be:

Shyam is Nephew of Kala.

Hence, the correct answer is "Nephew".

Five Girls: R, S, T, P and Q.

1. T is sitting exactly in the middle of the row.

2. Q is sitting to the immediate right and immediate left of P and T respectively.

3. S is not sitting at the extreme end. 

Final Arrangement is;

Q is sitting third to the left of R.

Hence, the correct answer is "Q".

Some Doctor can be Actors.

Some Man are Doctors as well as Actor.

The correct Venn diagram is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (c)".

The correct answer is 'allowance; permission'.

Key Points

• In this context, an 'additional' form of money could mean a variety of things, but based on the options given, 'allowance' is the best fit.
• 'Allowance' is a fixed amount of money given periodically for a specific purpose, such as to cover certain costs or expenses, which matches the concept of an additional sum of money being given each month.
• The phrase 'by the permission of the commissioner' makes the most sense.
• Permission is the act of allowing somebody to do something, especially when this is done by somebody in a position of authority
• The commissioner has the authority to grant such allowances or benefits, and 'permission' indicates that authority.
• The words in the sentence connect logically and meaningfully with 'allowance' and 'permission' creating a sentence that is contextually appropriate and syntactically correct.
• The remaining options don't provide a suitable context or make much sense when inserted into the sentence.

 Additional Information

• 'Pay', 'payment', and 'salary' could be potential alternatives to 'allowance', but they do not fit as well in this context.
• These terms typically refer to wages or salaries for work, while 'allowance' is more suited to an additional, non-work-related benefit.
• The terms 'allowance', 'agreement', and 'admittance' could potentially replace 'permission', but these terms do not make sense when used with the commissioner's authority.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'smells a rat'.

<br> **Key Points**

• The idiom 'smells a rat' means to suspect deception or foul play, which would be a likely reaction to past 'bitter experiences' (दाल में काला लगना) 
• Example:- "When he died, investigators were called in and soon smelt a rat".
• The phrase implies a sense of distrust or skepticism based on previous experiences.
• The sentence as a whole, with the selected phrase, forms a meaningful and logical statement.
• The idiom 'smells a rat' has a figurative meaning, which adds richness to the sentence, making it more expressive and impactful.
• The other options don't provide an idiom which usually makes the sentence more appealing and understandable.
• 'disbelieves', 'sees a danger', and 'suspects foul play' could all potentially fit in the sentence, none have the idiomatic flavor and precise connotation of 'smells a rat'.
• These alternatives are more literal in their meaning and don't convey the sense of suspicion as effectively as the idiom 'smells a rat' does.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'keen'.

<br>

Key Points

• The term 'keen' refers to having a strong interest or desire for something.
• In this context, it signifies that the person is very interested in meeting and befriending foreigners.
• 'Keen' is a common adjective used to describe an enthusiastic and eager attitude towards something, making it the best fit for this sentence.
• The term 'keen' provides a positive connotation, which aligns with the sentiment of the sentence.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1. 

<br>

Additional Information

• 'Find' means to discover something that you want or that you have lost after searching for it. Itdoes not make grammatical sense in this sentence and is not a suitable replacement.
• 'Insistent' suggests a more forceful or demanding attitude, which isn't fitting in this context.
• 'Anxious' often implies worry or unease, which doesn't align with the positive tone of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'into'.

<br>

Key Points

• The verb 'intrude' is typically followed by the preposition 'into' when referring to an unwanted or unexpected involvement in something, such as someone's privacy.
• 'Into' implies a movement or action occurring inside a boundary or limit, which is apt in this context, as privacy is being trespassed or invaded.
• The phrase 'intrude into his privacy' is a common and idiomatic use of the verb 'intrude', making 'into' the best choice.
• The other prepositions 'on' and 'in' do not pair naturally with 'intrude' in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• 'On' would typically be used when referring to a focus or attention being placed on something, not when discussing intrusion.
• 'In' is generally used to denote a state or condition, not a movement or invasion, which 'intrude' implies.

The correct answer is 'to'.

<br>

Key Points

• The phrase 'jump to conclusions' is a well-known idiom meaning to make decisions or form opinions quickly without having all the facts or considering all the details.
• 'To' is the most suitable preposition to use after 'jump' in this context as it indicates a direction or target for the action of jumping (metaphorically, in this case).
• The use of 'to' here shows the transition from a state of contemplation to reaching conclusions, capturing the hasty decision-making process the sentence warns against.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

<br>

Additional Information

• 'For' is typically used when expressing a purpose or intent, which doesn't fit in this context.
• 'At' is typically used when indicating a location or direction, but it's not used in this context.

The correct answer is 'to'.

<br>

Key Points

• When discussing limits or restrictions, 'to' is the appropriate preposition to use. The phrase 'limit to' signifies a boundary or a maximum extent that can or should not be exceeded.
• In this context, using 'to' suggests that man's desires or wants have no upper bound, which aligns with the intended meaning of the sentence.
• 'To' is widely used in such contexts and forms a grammatically correct and meaningful sentence.
• None of the other options appropriately convey the concept of a limit or boundary in the same way.

<br>

Additional Information

• 'For' is typically used to indicate the intended recipient or beneficiary of something, which doesn't align with the concept of a limit.
• 'Of' typically denotes possession or association, which isn't the meaning being conveyed in this sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'Nothing can stop something unpleasant happening to Moti'.

Key Points

• The phrase 'his fate had been sealed' implies that a decision or judgment has been made and cannot be changed, usually leading to an adverse outcome.
• In this context, after Moti chewed the straps off Dadaji's sandals, it is implied that something unpleasant or punitive will likely happen to Moti because of this action.
• Dadaji's anger and question "Where is Moti?" also hints at some form of upcoming punishment or reaction towards Moti.
• The other options are not supported by the text, as they are either not in line with the circumstances or contradict the text.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'Dadaji gave in to someone's argument'.

Key Points

• The text describes this particular behavior of reclining on his chair with a newspaper as typical of Dadaji when he concedes someone's argument.
• In this instance, Dadaji does this after his daughter-in-law presents a cogent argument about the usefulness of the puppy.
• The statement 'Let's see' indicates his willingness to observe and judge the situation further, an indication of conceding to the argument presented.
• The other options are not supported by the text as they either distort or misrepresent the behavior of Dadaji described in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Moti was a thoroughbred'.

Key Points

• The term 'pedigreed' refers to an animal, especially a dog or cat, that is descended from a line of ancestors with documented pedigree, meaning they are a pure breed.
• So when it says "He was not a pedigreed one", it means Moti was not a pure breed or a thoroughbred.
• This does not comment on Moti's skills, health or status, it simply refers to his breed.
• The other options do not accurately capture the meaning of 'not pedigreed', they suggest training, health, or social status which is not what the phrase implies.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'The night when Moti chewed the straps off Dadaji’s sandals'.

Key Points

• The passage later elaborates on what occurred on that 'fateful night', describing how Moti chewed the leather straps off Dadaji's sandals.
• The word 'fateful' is often used to describe a moment or event that has significant, usually adverse, consequences.
• In this case, Moti's actions led to Dadaji's rage.
• The other options are not supported by the text, as they either add events not described in the passage or misrepresent the event that actually occurred.
• The usage of the phrase 'fateful night' adds to the sense of impending doom that is later confirmed by Dadaji's reaction to the destroyed sandals.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'accepted by everyone with no disagreement'.

Key Points

• The phrase 'a truth universally acknowledged' is a formal and slightly humorous way of saying that something is widely accepted or agreed upon.
• In this case, the belief that every happy home should have a dog is presented as something that is universally accepted, meaning there is general agreement about it.
• The phrase does not indicate that there has been a lot of debate about this idea, that it is not accepted by many or anyone, which makes the other options incorrect.
• The phrase, borrowed from the opening line of Jane Austen's novel "Pride and Prejudice", is often used to introduce a common belief or perception in a slightly ironic or humorous manner.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'include'.

<br>

Key Points

• The term 'comprise' (सम्मिलित होना) generally means to consist of or be made up of.
• Example: The committee is comprised of representatives from all the major industries.
• In this context, 'include' (शामिल करना) is the nearest in meaning because it also means to contain or have as part of a whole.
• Example: The price includes dinner and entertainment.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

<br>

Additional Information

• 'None' (कोई नहीं) is used to denote the absence of something.
• 'Yield' (उपज) typically means to produce or provide something.
• 'Separate' (अलग करना) implies to cause to move apart or divide.

The correct answer is 'qualified'.

<br>

Key Points

• The term 'capable' (सक्षम) refers to having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve a specified thing.
• Example: She's a very capable woman who can handle any situation.
• 'Qualified' (योग्य) is the nearest in meaning as it also denotes that someone has the necessary skills or knowledge to do something.
• Example: She is qualified to teach English.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• 'Comfortable' (आरामदायक) means providing physical ease and relaxation.
• 'Libel' (मानहानि) refers to a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation.

The correct answer is 'evaluate'.

<br>

Key Points

• The term 'calculate' (गणना करना) generally refers to determining something mathematically, or more broadly, to consider something carefully.
• Example: He calculated the cost of the trip to be around $200.
• 'Evaluate' (मूल्यांकन करना) is the nearest in meaning as it also involves making a judgement about the amount, number, or value of something.
• Example: The teacher will evaluate the students' performances at the end of the semester.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

<br>

Additional Information

• 'Depth' (गहराई) refers to the distance from the top or surface to the bottom of something.
• 'Hole' (छेद) is a hollow place in a solid body or surface.

The correct answer is 'Pleasure'.

<br>

Key Points

• 'Agony' (यातना) is a word that signifies intense feelings of suffering - the suffering can be mental or physical. It's used to indicate extreme discomfort or pain.
• Example: He was in agony after the accident.
• The opposite of suffering or pain would be feelings of enjoyment or satisfaction, which is captured by the word 'Pleasure' (आनंद).
• Example: It's a pleasure to meet you.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

<br>

Additional Information

• 'Irritation' (चिढ़) is a feeling of annoyance.
• 'Anger' (क्रोध) is a strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.
• 'Rage' (क्रोध) is violent, uncontrollable anger.

The correct answer is 'Joyous'.

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Key Points

• 'Mournful' (शोकमय) means feeling, expressing, or inducing sadness, regret, or grief.
• Example: She had a mournful expression on her face.
• The opposite of feeling sad or grief-stricken would be feelings of happiness and delight, which is captured by the word 'Joyous' (हर्षित).
• Example: The joyous celebration lasted late into the night.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

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Additional Information

• 'Playful' (खेलनेवाला) refers to someone who is full of energy and fun.
• 'Laughable' (हंसी का पात्र) refers to something so ridiculous or unlikely as to be amusing.
• 'Humorous' (हास्यमय) means causing lighthearted laughter and amusement; comic.

The correct answer is 'rush in all directions and suffer much harassment'.

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Key Points

• The idiom 'from pillar to post' (स्तम्भ से स्तम्भ तक) means to go from one place to another in a haphazard manner, often without achieving anything or finding what you are looking for.
• Example: She was sent from pillar to post in search of the right department to handle her case.
• In the context of the sentence, it means that despite running around in all directions or making efforts, getting what you want is not possible without giving a bribe.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 Additional Information

• Being very busy: This means having a lot to do, but does not necessarily involve going from one place to another in a futile manner.
• Going to all post offices or many offices and post letters: These are literal interpretations of the idiom and do not convey its figurative meaning.

The correct answer is 'cheerful'.

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Key Points

• Being 'in high spirits' (उत्तेजित होना) means to be in a very happy mood or feeling very cheerful.
• Example: The team was in high spirits after their win.
• So, if someone is always in high spirits at a party, they are always cheerful at parties.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• Talkative: Refers to someone who talks a lot, but this does not necessarily imply being cheerful.
• Drunk: This refers to the physical state of being intoxicated by alcohol, which is not what 'in high spirits' is referring to here.
• Uncontrollable: This means not being able to be controlled, and does not imply cheerfulness.

The correct answer is 'Recluse'.

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Key Points

• A 'Recluse' (संन्यासी) is a person who lives a solitary life and tends to avoid other people.
• Example: He became a recluse after his wife died.
• So, a person who lives by himself can be called a recluse.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• Monk: While monks do live a life of solitude, they often live in monastic communities, and their solitude is usually for religious reasons.
• Extrovert: This is a person who is outgoing and socially confident, which is the opposite of someone who lives by themselves.
• Prophet: A prophet is a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God, and this doesn't necessarily mean they live by themselves.

The correct answer is 'Null'.

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Key Points

• Null: To reduce to nothing. Having or associated with the value zero.
• This means having no legal or binding force; invalid, but it's used more as an adjective rather than a verb to imply an action.
• Example: ​"They declared the deal null and void"

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 Additional Information

• 'Annul': to declare invalid (an official agreement, decision, or result).  void or to obliterate.
• 'Lull': This is a temporary period of quiet or rest.
• 'Cull': reduce the population of (a wild animal) by selective slaughter.

The correct answer is 'He exclaimed that it was a very cold day.'

 Key Points

• The given sentence is a direct speech, which is a direct quotation of someone's words.
• When changing it into indirect speech, we need to follow the rules of reported speech.
• 'What a cold day!' is an exclamation, and exclamations are reported with verbs like exclaimed, cried, remarked, etc.
• The specific exclamation 'what' generally changes to 'how' or 'what a' changes to 'very' in indirect speech.
• In Exclamatory sentences that express (grief, sorrow, happiness, applaud) Interjections are removed and the sentence is changed to an assertive sentence.
  

Direct speech to indirect speech examples

● Direct: She said, “Alas! I am undone.”

● Indirect: She exclaimed sadly that she was broke.

• The sentence 'He exclaimed that it was a very cold day' correctly adheres to the rules of turning an exclamation into indirect speech.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'The tailor asked him if he would have the suit ready by the next evening.'

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Key Points

• The given sentence is a question in direct speech.
• When turning questions into indirect speech, we typically use verbs like 'asked', 'inquired', etc. followed by 'if' or 'whether'.
• Also, 'Will you' should change to 'would he' and 'tomorrow' should change to 'the next day'.
• Future Changes to Present Conditional in indirect speech:
  

Direct to indirect speech example:

● Direct: She said, “I will be in Scotland tomorrow.”

● Indirect: She said that she would be in Scotland the next day

• The sentence 'The tailor asked him if he would have the suit ready by the next evening.' is the only option that correctly follows these rules.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Today my task was accomplished successfully.'

Key Points

The sentence is in active form, we need to change it into passive form.

The instructions given below should be followed while changing an assertive sentence to a passive voice.

• Find the subject and object of the sentence and exchange their places; make changes in their cases as well if subject and object are pronouns.
• Use the preposition 'by' before the agent. (It will not apply in this sentence)
• Use an appropriate helping verb in passive form according to the tense of the active form.
• Always use the third form of the main verb in passive form.
• At last line up the remaining part.

Now let us look at the above given sentence:

• The presence of the 2nd form of the verb (accomplished) indicates the presence of the active voice in past indefinite tense.
• Now, 'accomplished' shall change into was + 3rd form of the verb (accomplished) i.e. was accomplished.
• So, the final answer is 'Today my task was accomplished successfully.'

Hence, the correct answer is option 3

The correct answer is 'Look! The door has been painted.'

Key Points

The above sentence in the question is in active voice, we need to change it into passive voice.

The instructions given below should be followed while changing an assertive sentence to a passive voice.

• Find the subject and object of the sentence and exchange their places; make changes in their cases as well if subject and object are pronouns.
• Use preposition 'by' before the agent.
• Use an appropriate helping verb in passive form according to the tense of the active form. (Present perfect - has/have + been)
• Always use the third form of the main verb in passive form.
• At last line up the remaining part.

Now let us look at the sentence given in the question: "Look! They have painted the door."

• In this sentence, 'they' is the subject and 'the door' is the object.
• The presence of have + 3rd form of verb (painted) indicates the presence of the active voice in the past perfect tense.
• Now, 'have painted' shall change into has/have + been + 3rd form of verb (painted) i.e. has/have been painted, with 'the door' being placed at the subject position.
• Now, due to the shifting of the singular object at subjective case position, has been painted is correct construction.
• So, the final sentence is- 'Look! The door has been painted.'

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'The doctor advised her 15 days' rest after her surgery.'

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Key Points

• The given sentence is in the passive voice, which means the subject of the sentence is acted upon by the verb.
• In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb.
• When converting a sentence from passive to active, the object of the passive sentence becomes the subject of the active sentence.
• Here, "She" becomes "The doctor."
• The verb "was advised" should be changed to "advised" in the active voice.
• The sentence 'The doctor advised her 15 days' rest after her surgery.' correctly adheres to the rules of turning a passive voice into an active voice.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.