CISF Head Constable Ministerial 30 July 2023 (Shift 1) Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is trypanophobia.

• Trypanophobia is an extreme fear of medical procedures involving injections or hypodermic needles.
• It is also referred to as aichmophobia, belonephobia, or enetophobia.
• Trypanophobia was officially recognized in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, 4^th Edition (DSM-IV) in 1994.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 271.

• Indian Penal Code-
• The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the official criminal code of India which is intended to cover all substantial aspects of criminal law.
• It was drafted on the recommendations of first law commission of India established in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833 chaired by Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay.

Key Points

• Section 271 of Indian Penal Code- 
• Section 271 of the Indian Penal Code is one such provision that requires compliance of quarantine orders which are imposed by the government and proposes punishment for disobedience of the orders.
• Anyone who disobeys a quarantine rule as mentioned under Section 271 of the Indian Penal Code can be charged with simple or severe imprisonment up to 6 months or fine or both.

The Correct Answer is ₹12.

Key Points

• Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is applicable to individuals with bank accounts between the ages of 18 and 70 years (Indian Resident or NRI).
• It has an annual tax-exclusive premium of ₹12. The Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is removed from GST. Automatically, the balance is debited from the account.
• This insurance policy will be covered for one year from 1 June to 31 May and will be sold by banks and managed by the general insurance companies of the public sector.
• The payout to the nominee would be ₹2 lakh in the case of sudden death or complete disability and ₹1 lakh in the case of partial permanent disability.
• The policy is offered by the Public Sector General Insurance Company or some other General Insurance Company which is willing to sell the product with the requisite approvals on similar terms and to be connected to the banks for this reason.

Important Points

• The annual premium rate for PMJJBY has been increased to Rs 1.25 per day.
• This premium, which was earlier Rs 330 annually, will now increase to Rs 436. Apart from this, the annual premium for PMSBY has been increased from Rs 12 to Rs 20.
• These new premium rates will be effective from June 1, 2022.

The Correct Answer is Sourav Ganguly.

Key Points

• A Century is Not Enough: My Roller-coaster Ride to Success (2018) is an English autobiography written by former Indian cricketer and captain Sourav Ganguly.
• The novel was first released on 24 February 2018 by Juggernaut. Ganguly talked in-depth about his cricketing career in this book.
• He has addressed various phases of his career in cricketing, including several international tours, World Cups, and the IPL.

Important Points

• Sourav Ganguly, who was the 39^th President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, is an Indian cricket administrator, commentator and former national cricket team captain. As of October 2023, Roger Binny is the incumbent BCCI president
• Ganguly established himself as one of the world's leading batsmen during his playing career and also as one of the Indian national cricket team's most influential captains.
• He was particularly prolific through the off side while batting, earning himself the nickname God of the Off Side for his elegant square of the wicket stroke play and through the covers.
• In 2019, he was elected as President of the BCCI and President of the Wisden India Editorial Board.

The Correct Answer is IIT Gandhinagar.

Key Points

• Project Isaac has been launched by the Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar (IITGN) to engage its students in innovative projects to develop their critical skills when they are confined to their homes due to the Coronavirus.
• The project is inspired by Sir Isaac Newton, who, because of the Great Plague of London in 1665, was similarly sent home by Trinity College, Cambridge.
• Newton, then a 22-year-old college student, made some of his most profound discoveries during this year, including early calculus, as well as his optical and gravity theories.
• As part of the initiative, IIT, Gandhinagar, is organizing four different competitions to develop new skills among students in writing, painting, coding, music, creative expression, and so on.
• Students may compete online in competitions. Almost 40 per cent of IITGN students are now involved in a number of fully voluntary activities.

The Correct Answer is Calorimeter.

Key Points

• A calorimeter is an object used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as the heat potential for calorimetry, or the method of measuring it.
• Among the most popular types are differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters and accelerated rate calorimeters.
• A basic calorimeter is essentially a thermometer that is connected to a metal container full of water suspended over a chamber of combustion.
• It is one of the measurement instruments used in thermodynamics, chemistry, and biochemistry science.

Important Points 

• A manometer is a pressure measurement device. A typical simple manometer is made up of a glass U-shaped tube filled with some liquid. Because of its high density, the liquid is usually mercury.
• A hygrometer is a device used to determine the quantity of water vapour in enclosed spaces, air, or soil.
• A colourimeter is a device that calculates the absorption by a particular solution of specific wavelengths of light used in colourimetry.

The Correct Answer is 20.

Key Points

• Fahrenheit is a scale popularly used in the United States to measure temperatures.
• To measure temperatures in most of the world, Celsius, or centigrade, is used. At 0° Celsius, water freezes and boils at 100° Celsius.
• Formula:

T(°C) = (T(°F) - 32) × 5/9

T(°C) = (68 - 32) x 5/9

T(°C) = (36) x 5/9

T(°C) = 20 oC

The Correct Answer is shift rightward.

Key Points

• Following a change in the underlying determinant of demand, the direction of the demand curve will shift to the left or right.
• Increases in demand are illustrated in the demand curve by a change to the right. This may be caused by a variety of factors, including an increase in sales, an increase in a substitute's price or a decrease in a supplement's price.
• A change in demand to the right implies a rise in the sum requested at any price. Conversely, for a variety of reasons, demand will decrease and cause a change to the left of the demand curve, including a decline in sales, assuming that a good is a normal good, a drop in the price of a replacement, and an increase in the price of a supplement.
• Following a shift in one or more of the underlying determinants of supply, the direction of a supply curve can change. For instance, a cost adjustment, such as a change in the cost of labor or raw materials, can shift the direction of the supply curve.
• The Production Possibility Curve (PPC) is the locus of different combinations of two commodities that can be generated with a given amount of resources and technology (the direction of a moving point). It's also known as the curve of transformation.

The Correct Answer is Panini.

Key Points

• Ashtadhyayi, Sanskrit Aṣṭādhyāyī("Eight Chapters"), a Sanskrit grammar treatise written by the Indian grammarian Panini in the 6^th to 5^th century BCE. The linguistic standards for Classical Sanskrit were set by this work. The science of phonetics and grammar that had developed in the Vedic religion was summed up in 4,000 sutras. His work was divided into eight chapters by Panini, each of which is further divided into four chapters.
• Ashtadhyayi distinguishes between use in the spoken language and use that is unique to the language of the sacred texts, beyond describing the morphology and syntax of the Sanskrit language.

Important Points

• An ancient Sanskrit philologist, grammarian, and a respected scholar in ancient India were Pānini, variously dated between the 4^th century BCE and the 6^th to 5^th century BCE.
• Pānini has been considered the "first descriptive linguist" and also labelled as "the father of linguistics" since the discovery and publication of his work by European scholars in the nineteenth century.

Additional Information

• Bāṇabhaṭṭa was a Sanskrit prose writer and poet from India in the seventh century.
• Shudraka was the king and playwright of India. He is ascribed to three Sanskrit plays - Mrichchhakatika (The Little Clay Cart), Vinavasavadatta, and Padmaprabhritaka, a bhana (short one-act monologue).
• In ancient India, Patañjali was a sage who was thought to be the author of a number of Sanskrit works.

The Correct Answer is worship.

Key Points

• The Preamble of the Constitution of India provides for the liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship.
• Freedom means the absence of restraint or supremacy over an individual's activities, such as freedom from slavery, servitude, imprisonment, despotism, etc.
• Equality implies that there are no advantages or prejudice against any part of society. The feeling of brotherhood suggests fraternity.
• The Preamble seeks to foster brotherhood among citizens, ensuring the dignity of the citizen and the nation's unity and integrity.
• After the majority of the Constitution was already adopted, the Preamble was added to the Constitution.

Important Points

• The Preamble ensures justice, democracy and equality for all the people of India and promotes fraternity among the people.
• The Preamble's Four Components are:
• The Preamble states that the Constitution's source of authority lies with the people of India.
• It declares that India is a country that is Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic.
• It sets out its priorities of maintaining justice, freedom and equality for all people and fostering fraternity in order to preserve the nation's unity and dignity.
• It cites the date on which the constitution was adopted (November 26, 1949).

The Correct Answer is Purvamimansa.

Key Points

• The Vedanga are six Hinduism auxiliary disciplines that originated in ancient times and were related to the study of the Vedas.
• One of the most significant ancient Hindu philosophical texts is the Purva Mimamsa Sutras, written by Rishi Jaimini.
• It forms the basis of Mimamsa, the earliest of Indian philosophy's six orthodox schools (darshanas). The sage Jaimini was one of the disciples of the sage Veda Vyasa, the author of the Mahabharata, according to tradition.
• The job is split into 12 adhyayas (chapters), which are further split into sixty padas (sections).

Important Points

• Kalpa means "proper, fit" and is one of the six disciplines connected with the Vedas-the scriptures of Hinduism-in the Vedānga, or ancillary science.
• Nirukta is one of the six ancient Vedangas, the scriptures of Hinduism, or ancillary science linked to the Vedas.
• Shiksha is a Sanskrit word meaning "instruction, lesson, learning, the study of skill" It also refers to one of the six Sanskrit phonetics and phonology Vedangas or limbs of Vedic studies.
• Astrology – study of predictions based on the study of planets and constellations
• Verse – study of verses used in the Vedas
• Theology – study of principles and rules related to religion and morality

The Correct Answer is Gulf of Mannar.

Key Points

• The Gulf of Mannar is a wide shallow bay that forms part of the Indian Ocean's Laccadive Sea, with a minimum depth of 5.8 m.
• It lies in the Coromandel Coast area, between the west coast of Sri Lanka and the southeastern tip of India.
• The low island and reef chain is known as Adam's Bridge (also known as Rama Sethu in India), which includes Mannar Island, separates Palk Bay from the Gulf of Mannar, which lies between Sri Lanka and India to the north.
• Sri Lanka's Malvathu Oya (Malvathu River) and the estuaries of South India's Thamirabarani River and Vaippar River flow into the Gulf.

Important Points

• The Sundarbans is a delta mangrove region created in the Bay of Bengal by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers. The mangrove forest of the Sundarbans occupies an area of approximately 10,000 km2, of which forests stretch over 6,017 km2 in Bangladesh's Khulna Division and 4,260 km2 in West Bengal across the districts of South 24 Parganas and North 24 Parganas.
• Pachmarhi is a hill station in central India's Hoshangabad district of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is commonly known as Satpura ki Rani settled in a valley of the Satpura Range in the Hoshangabad district at an altitude of 1067 m. Dhupgarh, Madhya Pradesh's highest point (1,352 m) and the Satpura range are located here. It is a member of the Biosphere Reserve of Satpura.
• In the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills ranges of South India, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is an International Biosphere Reserve. In the states of Tamil Nadu (2537.6 km2), Karnataka (1527.4 km2) and Kerala (1455.4 km2), the reserve occupies 5,520 km2.

The Correct Answer is Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

Key Points

• Atal Bihari Vajpayee was an Indian statesman who served three terms as India's Prime Minister, first in 1996 for a period of 13 days, then from 1998 to 1999 for a period of 13 months, followed by a full term from 1999 to 2004.
• Vajpayee was one of the co-founders of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a senior leader (BJP).
• He was the first Indian prime minister to serve a full term of office outside of the Indian National Congress.
• For more than five decades, he was a member of the Indian Parliament, being elected ten times to the Lok Sabha, the lower house, and twice to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house.
• In 2014, Narendra Modi's administration announced that Vajpayee's birthday, 25 December, will be marked as Good Governance Day.

Important Points

• Morarji Ranchhodji Desai served as India's 4^th Prime Minister from 1977 to 1979 and led the government established by the Janata Party.
• Rajiv Gandhi was an Indian politician who served from 1984 to 1989 as India's 6^th prime minister.
• Inder Kumar Gujral was an Indian diplomat, politician, and activist for independence who served from April 1997 to March 1998 as India's 12^th Prime Minister.

The Correct Answer is Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

Key Points

• Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was an Indian lawyer and politician who served from 1974 to 1977 as India's fifth President.
• Also, he was India's second President to die in office. Ahmed was elected by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to the presidency in 1974 and became the second Muslim to be elected President of India on 20 August 1974.
• By signing the papers at midnight after a meeting with Indira Gandhi the same day, he is known to have issued the declaration of emergency.
• He used his constitutional authority as head of state to allow him, once the Emergency in India was declared in 1975, to rule by decree. On 11 February 1977, he was the second Indian President to die in office.
• His death occurred while preparing to attend his daily Namaz prayer after he collapsed in his office.

Important Points

• From 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974, Varahagiri Venkata Giri was the 4^th president of India. He was the first president to be an independent nominee to be elected. He was succeeded as president in 1974 by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.
• Ramaswamy Venkataraman, who served as the Union Minister and the eighth President of India, was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician.
• Rajendra Prasad, from 1950 to 1962, was an Indian independence leader, advocate, scholar and, subsequently, the first President of India.

The correct answer is Almora.

• Almora, located in the Indian state of Uttrakhand, is famous for its alluring beauty, panoramic view of the Himalayas, rich cultural heritage, unique handicrafts.
• Almora is located on a ridge at the southern edge of the Kumaon Hills of the Himalaya range.
• Almora was founded in 1568 by King Kalyan Chand.
• Some of the famous hill stations of the state of Uttrakhand include - Nainital, Mussoorie, Chopta. Auli, Lansdowne, Ranikhet, Sankari, Kausani, etc.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Kerala.

• NITI Aayog released the second edition of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) India Index in 2019  which broadly documents the progress made by India’s States and Union Territories towards achieving the 2030 SDG targets.

Key Points

• This index has been developed in collaboration with the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), the United Nations in India, and the Global Green Growth Institute.
• Kerala achieved the first rank in the SDG Index followed by Himachal Pradesh. Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu.
• The biggest improved state since 2018 was UP, Orissa and Sikkim.

The correct answer is Lalit Modi.

Key Points

• Lalit Modi was the founder & first Chairman and Commissioner of the Indian Premier League (IPL), and ran the tournament for three years until 2010.
• In 2010 he was announced as the second most powerful person in Indian Sports by Sports Illustrated.
• Arun Dhumal is the present Chairman of the Indian Premier League in the year 2024.
• There have been thirteen seasons of the IPL tournament. The current IPL title holders are the Mumbai Indians, who won the 2020 season.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Bleaching powder.

• Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OCl)_2.

Key Points

• It is commonly referred to as bleaching powder or calcium oxychloride.
• It is produced industrially by treating lime (Ca(OH)₂₎ with chlorine gas.
• It is very stable and can be stored for an extended period of time.
• This compound is the main ingredient of commercial products such as bleaching powder, chlorine powder and chlorinated lime which are used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent.
• It is also used in the sanitization of public swimming pools and to disinfect drinking water.

Additional Information

• Vinegar:
• Dominant chemical: Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH).
• Properties: Weak organic acid, sour taste, pungent smell.
• Household uses:
• Cooking (flavoring, preservation).
• Cleaning (removes limescale and mineral deposits).
• Mild disinfectant.
• Detergent Powder:
• Dominant chemicals: Synthetic surfactants, mostly sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates + fillers (like sodium carbonate).
• Properties: Lower surface tension of water, emulsify grease.
• Household uses:
• Washing clothes and utensils.
• Industrial cleaning.
• Baking Soda:
• Chemical name: Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO₃).
• Properties: Mild alkaline, releases CO₂ when heated or with acid.
• Household uses:
• Baking (leavening agent).
• Antacid (relieves acidity).
• Cleaning agent and deodorizer.

The correct answer is 108.

• In total, 108 hand-stitched double stitches are used to cover the baseball.
• The stitches, seams and their orientations can make the airflow around these balls complex and unpredictable.
• At the MLB (Major League Baseball) level, these red stitches and the rest of what is used in a baseball are stored in temperature-controlled facilities.

Additional Information

• Baseball is a game played with a bat, a ball, and gloves between two teams of nine players each on a field with four bases laid out in a diamond.
• The United States is credited with developing several popular sports like baseball, gridiron, football, and basketball.
• Baseball is the national sports of the countries like - United States, Venezuela, Taiwan, Cuba, Dominic Republic, etc.
• The terms used in baseball Some common baseball terms that most people know are strikeout, base, walk, home run, hit, bat, batter, etc.

The correct answer is II.

Key Points

• Part II of the Constitution of India which includes Articles 5-11 deals with the Citizenship of India.
• The articles mentioned in Part II are listed below-
• Article 5- Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution
• Article 6 -Rights of citizenship of the persons who have migrated from Pakistan to India.
• Article 7- Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.
• Article 8 - Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin resident outside India
• Article 9 - Persons acquiring citizenship of a foreign State voluntarily
• Article 10 - Continuance of the rights of citizenship
• Article 11- Regulation of citizenship by the Parliament through law.

The correct answer is 2011.

• Mahendra Singh Dhoni is a former Indian international cricketer and the captain of the Indian national team.

Key Points

• He was born in Ranchi, Jharkhand.
• He made his ODI debut on 23 December 2004 against Bangladesh.
• He has been the recipient of many awards, including the ICC ODI Player of the Year award the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2007, the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan.

Important Points

• The Indian Territorial Army conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel to Mahendra Singh Dhoni on 1 November 2011.
• Thus, he became the second Indian cricketer after Kapil Dev to receive this honour.

The correct answer is Vinoba Bhave.

• Vinayak Narahari "Vinoba" Bhave was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights.
• On 11 September 1895, Vinoba Bhave was born in Gagode village, Raigad, Maharashtra.
• In 1951, Bhave started the Bhoodan Movement in Pochampally, Telangana.
• The movement saw landowners gifting land to the landless.
• This movement went on for 13 years during which time Bhave travelled all over India.

Important Points

• The Bhoodan Movement Land Gift Movement attempted to persuade wealthy landowners to voluntarily give a percentage of their land to landless people.
• In 1954, he started the Gramdan movement which involved the voluntary donation of whole villages.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Aman.

• West Bengal produces 15-16 million tonnes of paddy every year across the three seasons which are aus, aman and boro.

Key Points

• The Kharif paddy i.e aus and aman output accounts for about 70 per cent of the total production and Boro paddy is usually cultivated on land-dependent on the canal and the irrigation facility.
• Aman is a  variety of rice sown in the rainy season and harvested during winter.
• It is grown under rainfed lowland conditions in shallow, semi-deep, deep and flooded conditions.

The correct answer is Verghese Kurien.

Key Points

• Operation Flood launched in 1970.
• It was a project of India's National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).
• It was the world's biggest dairy development program.
• In 30 years, it doubled milk available per person and made dairy farming India's largest self-sustainable rural employment generator.
• Verghese Kurien, the chairman and founder of Amul, was named the chairman of NDDB by the then Prime Minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri.
• He was known as the father of Operation flood.

Additional Information

• Morarji Desai holds the record of presenting the maximum number of Budgets, including two Interim Budgets.
• He tabled the Union Budget for 10 times from 1959 to 1963.
• The First Deputy Prime Minister of India was Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. 
• The seventh and last deputy Prime Minister of India was L. K. Advani.
• He took on the role in addition to his home Ministership from 2002 to 2004 in Atal Bihari Vajpayee's government

The correct answer is the dobson unit.

Key Points

• The Dobson Unit is a way to describe how much ozone there would be in the column if it were all squeezed into a single layer.
• The average amount of ozone in the atmosphere is roughly 300 Dobson Units, equivalent to a layer 3 millimetres (0.12 inches) thick.
• One Dobson Unit is the equivalent of 2.69 × 1016 molecules of ozone per square centimetre.
• Alternatively, 1 Dobson unit corresponds to a layer of ozone 10 μm thick, if the ozone were held at standard temperature and pressure (273 K, 1 atm pressure).

Additional Information

• The concentration of a certain trace gas, for example, ozone and SO2, in a column of air in the earth's atmosphere is often given in the Dobson Unit.
• The "Dobson Unit" is named after professor G.M.B. Dobson (1889 - 1976), who has from the 1920s onwards done research on the ozone layer.
• The "Dobson Unit" indicates how much of a given trace gas there is in the air above a certain point on Earth.
• A proper unit in the International System of Units would thus be "kilogram per square meter".

Shortcut Trick

Work Equating: 28(2M + 7W) = 11(6M + 16W)

⇒ 56M + 196W = 66M + 176W ⇒ 10M = 20W ⇒ 1M = 2W

Total Work = (2 × 2 + 7 × 1) × 28 = 308 units

Required Efficiency (5M + 4W) = 5(2) + 4(1) = 14 units

Days = 308 ÷ 14 = 22 days.

∴ The correct answer is 22 days.

Alternate Method

Given: Group 1 (2M + 7W) in 28 days and Group 2 (6M + 16W) in 11 days.

⇒ Total Work = LCM(28, 11) = 308 units.

⇒ 2M + 7W = 11 --- (i)

⇒ 6M + 16W = 28 --- (ii)

⇒ Multiplying (i) by 3: 6M + 21W = 33 --- (iii)

⇒ Subtracting (ii) from (iii): 5W = 5 ⇒ W = 1

⇒ Substituting W=1 in (i): 2M + 7 = 11 ⇒ 2M = 4 ⇒ M = 2

⇒ Efficiency of (5M + 4W) = 5(2) + 4(1) = 14 units/day

⇒ Time required = 308 ÷ 14 = 22 days.

∴ The correct answer is 22 days.

Additional Information

Work-Efficiency Relation

Total Work = Efficiency × Time. If work is constant, efficiency is inversely proportional to time.

Man-Days Concept

For multiple groups, M₁D₁ = M₂D₂ is used when the amount of work remains the same.

Combined Efficiency

When different types of workers (men, women, children) work together, their individual efficiencies are summed up to find the total rate.

The correct answer is circumcentre.

Explanation:

Here, P(x, y) is the circumcentre of Triangle

a) Incentre: The incentre of a triangle is the point where the angle bisectors of the triangle intersect. It's the center of the inscribed circle (incircle) that touches all the sides of the triangle.

b) Orthocentre: The orthocentre of a triangle is the point of intersection of any two of three altitudes of a triangle (an altitude is a line segment drawn from a vertex of the triangle perpendicular to the opposite side of the line that contains the opposite side).

c) Midpoint: In the context of a triangle, a midpoint isn't a point of intersection of certain lines like the previous ones. Rather, the midpoint of a side of a triangle is the point that divides that side into two equal segments.

d) circumcentre: The point at which the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle meet is called the triangle's

Given Data:

Cost Price (CP) of 10 meters of cloth = Rs. 11

Selling Price (SP) of 11 meters of cloth = Rs. 10

Formula Used:

The profit or loss percentage = (Profit or Loss / Cost Price) x 100.

Calculation:

Cost Price (CP) for 1 meter of cloth = Rs. 11 / 10 = Rs. 1.1

Selling Price (SP) for 1 meter of cloth = Rs. 10 / 11 = Rs. 0.909

Here, CP > SP, so there's a loss.

Loss = CP - SP = Rs. 1.1 - Rs. 0.909 = Rs. 0.191

Loss% = (Loss / CP) x 100 = (Rs. 0.191 / Rs. 1.1) x 100 = 17.36%

Therefore, the percentage of loss is approximately 17.35%.

Calculation:

We have 75% of 75% 

This can be written as

(75/100) × (75/100) 

5625/10000 = 0.5625

∴ 75% of 75% = 0.5625

Shortcut Trick

Apply the MDH formula: M₁ × D₁ × H₁ = M₂ × D₂ × H₂

24 × 18 × 8 = 36 × D₂ × 12

D₂ = (24 × 18 × 8) ÷ (36 × 12)

D₂ = (2 × 18 × 8) ÷ 36 = 36 × 8 ÷ 36 = 8

∴ The correct answer is 8 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial condition: Men (M₁) = 24, Hours (H₁) = 8, Days (D₁) = 18

Final condition: Men (M₂) = 36, Hours (H₂) = 12, Days (D₂) = ?

Formula Used:

The total work remains constant, so we use the Chain Rule: (M₁ × D₁ × H₁) / W₁ = (M₂ × D₂ × H₂) / W₂

Calculations:

⇒ 24 × 18 × 8 = 36 × D₂ × 12

⇒ 3456 = 432 × D₂

⇒ D₂ = 3456 ÷ 432

⇒ D₂ = 8

∴ The correct answer is 8 days.

Additional Information

Chain Rule Concept

It relates the number of workers, time, and work done. If M men work for D days and H hours to finish W work with E efficiency, then (M₁D₁H₁E₁)/W₁ = (M₂D₂H₂E₂)/W₂.

Inverse Proportionality

For a constant amount of work, the number of men is inversely proportional to the time taken (days or hours). If the number of men increases, the days required decreases.

Total Work in Units

Total work can often be considered as 1 unit or as the product of all parameters (Man-days-hours). Total units of work = 24 × 18 × 8 = 3456 units.

Formula Used:

Volume of sphere = 4/3 π r3

Calculation:

The radius of a bigger sphere R = 4 cm

And radius of the smaller sphere = 2 cm

Let x small spheres be made by the bigger sphere.

According to the question

4/3 π r3 × (x) = 4/3 π R3

4/3 × π × 23 × (x) = 4/3 × π × 43

8 × (x) = 64

x = 8

∴ 8 such spheres can be made.

Formula Used:

Volume of hemisphere = (2/3) πr³

Radius = Diameter / 2

Calculation:

Here, diameter = 6 cm

Radius = 6/2 = 3 cm³

Volume = (2/3) × π × 27

Volume = 18π 

∴ The volume of a hemisphere whose diameter is 6 cm is 18π.

Given:

6 bells toll at intervals of 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 12 seconds

Concept used:

Here we will use the LCM method

Calculation:

LCM of 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 12 is 168.

Hence, all the bells toll together at an interval of 168 sec.

Shortcut Trick

Sum of the first 5 natural numbers = 5 × 3 = 15

New sum after adding the number 2 = 15 + 2 = 17

New total number of observations = 5 + 1 = 6

New average = 17 ÷ 6 ≈ 2.83

∴ The correct answer is 2.83.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average of the first five natural numbers = 3

The new number to be added = 2

Formula Used:

Average = Sum of all observations ÷ Total number of observations

Calculations:

⇒ The first five natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

⇒ Initial Sum = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15

⇒ Total count of numbers initially = 5

⇒ New Sum after adding the number 2 = 15 + 2 = 17

⇒ New total count of numbers = 5 + 1 = 6

⇒ New Average = New Sum ÷ New Count

⇒ New Average = 17 ÷ 6 = 2.833...

⇒ New Average ≈ 2.83

∴ The correct answer is 2.83.

Additional Information

Average Formula

Average = Sum of all observations ÷ Total number of observations.

Sum of First 'n' Natural Numbers

The sum of the first 'n' natural numbers can be directly calculated using the formula: S = n × (n + 1) ÷ 2.

Combined Average

When combining multiple groups or adding new values, the new average is evaluated as (Total Old Sum + New Values Sum) ÷ (Total Old Count + New Count).

Calculation:

We have \(9\frac{1}{11}\)

This can be written as (11 × 9 + 1)/11

⇒ 100/11

⇒ 9.09

∴ \(9\frac{1}{11}\) = 9.09

Calculation:

We have 8%

⇒ 8/100

⇒ (4 × 2)/(4 × 25)

⇒ 2/25

∴ 8% = \(\frac{2}{25}\)

Calculation:

Let the required number be n.

According to the question

(35/100) × n =  63

n = (63 × 100) / (35) 

∴ n = 180

∴ The required number is 180.

Formula Used:

S.I = PRT/100

S.I = A - P

Calculation:

Simple Interest for 2 years = Rs. 600 - Rs. 500 = Rs. 100

Principal Amount = Rs. 500 - (Rs. 100 / 2) × 3 = Rs. 350

Now, using the above formula

100 = (350 × r × 2)/100

r = (100 × 100) / (350 × 2) = 100/7

∴ r = \(14 \frac{2}{7} % \)

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Rohan's age to Nikhil's age = 2 : 1

Difference in ratio parts = 2 − 1 = 1 part

Given that Nikhil is 8 years younger, 1 part = 8 years

Rohan's age = 2 parts = 2 × 8 = 16 years

∴ The correct answer is 16 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Nikhil is 8 years younger than Rohan.

Rohan is twice the age of Nikhil.

Calculations:

Let Nikhil's age be x years.

⇒ Rohan's age = (x + 8) years

According to the given condition, Rohan's age = 2 × Nikhil's age

⇒ x + 8 = 2x

⇒ 2x − x = 8

⇒ x = 8

So, Nikhil's age is 8 years.

⇒ Rohan's age = 2 × x = 2 × 8 = 16 years

∴ The correct answer is 16 years.

Additional Information

Age Difference Rule

The age difference between two individuals always remains constant at any point in time (past, present, or future).

Ratio Method for Ages

If the current ratio is a:b and the age difference is given, you can equate the ratio parts gap directly to the actual age difference to find the value of 1 unit quickly.

Sum and Difference Formula

If the sum (S) and difference (D) of ages are provided: Greater Age = (S + D) ÷ 2 | Smaller Age = (S − D) ÷ 2.

Concept:

A Pythagorean triplet is a set of three positive integers a, b, and c that fit the

c = largest number, a and b are other two number 

rule a² + b² = c².

c = largest number, a and b are other two number 

This is the equation form of the Pythagorean Theorem.

Calculation:

9, 40, 41

⇒ 9² + 40² = 41²

⇒ 81 + 1600 = 1681

⇒ 1681 = 1681 

∴ 9, 40, 41 is a Pythagorean triplet whose smallest number is 9.

Given:

Dimension of brick= 25 cm × 11.25 cm × 6 cm

Formula used:

Volume of cuboid =  Length × width × height

Number of brick required = \(\frac{Volume\ of\ wall}{volume\ of\ brick}\)

Calculation:

The volume of the brick

Volume of Brick = 25 cm × 11.25 cm × 6 cm

⇒1687.5 \(cm^3\)

The volume of the wall( to be constructed) is,

Volume of wall = 8 m × 6 m × 22.5 cm

(Change the values of dimension in 'cm' as it is given in 'm')

Volume of wall = 800 cm × 600 cm × 22.5 cm      ----(1 m = 100 cm )

⇒ \(108 \times 10^5 cm^3\)

Number of brick required = \(\frac{Volume\ of\ wall}{volume\ of\ brick}\)

⇒ \(\frac{108 \times 10^5 }{1687.5}\) = 6400

∴ The number of bricks required is 6400.

Given:

The cost price of shoes = 850

The sales tax = 5%

Concept:

Total Amount = Cost price + Sale charges

Sale Charges = Cost price × tax percentage

Calculation:

Let's assume the bill amount is X

⇒ X = 850 + 850 × (5/100)

⇒ X = 850 + (850 × 0.05)

⇒ 850 + 42.5 = 892.5

The bill amount = 892.5

∴ The required result will be 892.5.

Given:

The curved surface area of a cylinder is 440 sq cm. The circumference of its base is 44 cm.

Radius of the cylinder = 7 cm.

Formula Used:

Curved surface area of cylinder = 2πrh

Calculation:

According to the question.

So, 2πrh = 440

⇒ 2 × (22/7) × 7 × h = 440

⇒ h = 440/44

⇒ h = 10

The volume of the cylinder

⇒ πr2h = (22/7) × 72 × 10

⇒ 1540 cm3.

∴ It's Volume is 1540 cm³.

Shortcut Trick

A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.

Testing the options by calculating the digit sum:

3915 → 3 + 9 + 1 + 5 = 18.

Since 18 is divisible by 9, the number 3915 is also divisible by 9.

∴ The correct answer is 3915.

Alternate Method

Given: Numbers (1) 3739, (2) 3661, (3) 3659, (4) 3915.

Formula Used: Divisibility rule of 9 ⇒ Sum of digits must be a multiple of 9.

⇒ Option 1: 3 + 7 + 3 + 9 = 22 (Not divisible by 9)

⇒ Option 2: 3 + 6 + 6 + 1 = 16 (Not divisible by 9)

⇒ Option 3: 3 + 6 + 5 + 9 = 23 (Not divisible by 9)

⇒ Option 4: 3 + 9 + 1 + 5 = 18 (18 ÷ 9 = 2, exactly divisible)

∴ The correct answer is 3915.

Additional Information

Divisibility by 3

A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. For example, 123 (1+2+3=6) is divisible by 3.

Divisibility by 11

The difference between the sum of digits at odd places and even places must be 0 or a multiple of 11.

Divisibility by 4

A number is divisible by 4 if its last two digits form a number that is divisible by 4. For example, 512 is divisible by 4 as 12 is divisible by 4.

Given:

First 20 natural numbers

Concept used:

Sum of first n natural numbers = n/2 × {2a + (n – 1)d}

where a is first term and d is common difference

Calculation:

Sum of first 20 natural numbers

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ........ + 20

n = 20, a = 1, d = 2 - 1 = 1

20/2 × {2 × 1 + (20 – 1) × 1}

⇒ 10 × (2 + 19)

⇒ 210

∴ The correct answer is 210.

Calculation:

LCM of 7, 8, 11 is 616.

Therefore,

(5/7) × 616 = 440

(9/11) × 616 = 504

(7/8) × 616 = 539

∴ Ascending order is \(\frac{5}{7}, \frac{9}{11}, \frac{7}{8} \)

Given:

1980 ÷ 9 + [-77 + {-1980 + (1/4 of 7920)}]

Concept used:

BODMAS rule

Calculations:

1980 ÷ 9 + [-77 + {-1980 + (1/4 × 7920)}]

⇒ 1980 ÷ 9 + [-77 + {-1980 + (7920/4)}]

⇒ 1980 ÷ 9+ [-77 + {-1980 + (1980)}]

⇒ 1980 ÷ 9+ [-77 + {-1980 + 1980}]

⇒ 1980 ÷ 9 + [-77 + {0}]

⇒ 220 + [-77]

⇒ 220 - 77 = 143

∴ The simplified value of the equation is 143.

Given:

one digit number should 1008 be divided so that the quotient becomes a prefect square

Concept Used:

Find the Factor of given number

Calculation:

Factors of 1008

1008 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7

To make resultant number perfect square we have to divide the number by 7.

Hence, required number is 7.

Given:

 \(\sqrt{5^x}\) = 15625

Concept Used:

a^m = aⁿ, Then m = n

25³ = 15625

Calculation:

 \(\sqrt{5^x}\) = 15625

⇒ (5^x)^1/2 = 25³

⇒ 5^x/2 = (5²)³

⇒ 5^x/2 = 5⁶

According to the concept,

⇒ x/2 = 6

⇒ x = 12

∴ The value of x is 12.

Concept Used: 

Divisibility law of 2∶ A number divisible by 2 if its last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8.

Divisibility law of 3∶ A number divisible by 3, if the sum of its digit is divisible by 3

Divisibility laws of 4∶ A number divisible by 4, if its last 2 digit divisible by 4.

Divisibility laws of 11∶ If the difference of the alternating sum of digits of the number is a multiple of 11 (e.g. 2343 is divisible by 11 because 2 - 3 + 4 - 3 = 0, which is a multiple of 11)

Calculation:

The number 23474 is divisible by 2 because its last digit is 4.

Sum of digit of the number 23474 = 2 + 3 + 4 + 7 + 4 = 20

The number 23474 is not divisible by 3 because the sum of its digit not divisible by 3.

The number 23474 is not divisible by 4 because its last 2 digit 74 not divisible by 4.

The number divisible by 11 because

2 - 3 + 4 - 7 + 4 = 0

10 - 10 = 0

0 = 0

∴ The number 23474 divisible by 2 and 11 only.

The logic followed is:

Checking each option one by one:

Given the equation: 8 * 8 * 1 * 7 = 8

1) × ÷ + →

8 × 8 ÷ 1 + 7 = 8

= 8 × 8 + 7

= 64 + 7

= 71 ≠ 8

2) + ÷ × →

8 + 8 ÷ 1 × 7 = 8

= 8 + 8 × 7

= 8 + 56

= 64 ≠ 8

3) ÷ × + →

8 ÷ 8 × 1 + 7 = 8

= 1 × 1 + 7

= 1 + 7

= 8 = 8

4) + × ÷ →

8 + 8 × 1 ÷ 7 = 8

= 9 + 8/7

= 9 + 1.14

= 10.14 ≠ 8

Hence, the correct answer is "÷ × +".

We have drawn the figure according to the information given in the question,

(Let the turning points as shown in the figure)

At the end point boy is walking in East Direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "East".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

The Family tree is as follows;

The man is the Cousin of the woman.

Hence, the correct answer is "Cousin".

Let present ages of P and Q be 5k and 8k respectively.

Three years later their ages will be in ration 8 : 11

Then;

(5k + 3)/(8k + 3) = 8/11

→ (5k + 3) × 11 = (8k + 3) × 8

→ 55k + 33 = 64k + 24

→ 64k - 55k = 33 - 24

9k = 9

k = 1

Present age of Q is 8 × 1 = 8 years

Hence, the correct answer is 8.

Book, Pen and Pencil three different things.

The correct Venn diagram is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (c)".

Taking Dice Position (1) and (2):

2 and 4 are common.

So, 5 is opposite to 3.

Taking Dice Position (1) and (3):

4 and 5 are common.

So, 2 is opposite to 1.

It means;

4 is opposite to 6.

In Dice position (3) 4 is at upper surface it means 6 is at the bottom surface.

Hence, the correct answer is "6".

Figure (1) to Figure (2) →

Rotating Figure (1) 90° clockwise and the one line is removed.

Similarly;

Figure (3) to Figure (4) →

Rotating Figure (1) 90° clockwise and the one line is removed.

So, Figure (b) is the correct.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

LOGIC: Number of sides - 2 = Dots

Figure (1) →

3 - 2 = 1

Figure (2) →

4 - 2 = 2

Figure (3) →

4 - 2 = 2

Figure (4) →

6 - 2 = 4 ≠ 5

So, Figure (d) is odd.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The given figure when folded is as follows:

Hence, option (1) is the correct answer.

The mirror image of this image is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The relation between "beetle" and "crawling" is that beetles are known for their mode of movement, which involves crawling on their legs.

Similarly,

The relation between "dog" and another activity is being sought.

One activity that is commonly associated with dogs is "walking."

Dogs are known for their ability to run, chase after objects, play fetch, and engage in various physical activities. 

Therefore, the missing word in the analogy is "walking."

Hence, the correct answer is "walking".

The logic followed is:

Decoding the information, 

Given the equation: 64 ▭ 8 Δ 16 ▢ 4 θ 3 = ?

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

= 64 ÷ 8 + 16 × 4 - 3 

= 8 + 16 × 4 - 3

= 8 + 64 - 3

= 72 - 3

= 69

Hence, the correct answer is "69".

Therefore, the correct systematic order for the given words is:

3. Virus

4. Infection

5. Symptom

6. Remedy

7. Improvement

Correct Sequence: "Virus - Infection - Symptom - Remedy - Improvement."

Hence, the correct answer is "3, 5, 4, 1, 2".

Important PointsTo put the given words in a systematic order, we can consider the typical progression of a medical condition:

Virus: This would be the initial cause of the condition, laying the foundation for subsequent symptoms and infections.

Infection: As a result of the virus, an infection can occur. This refers to the invasion and multiplication of the virus within the body.

Symptom: An infection often leads to the manifestation of various symptoms, which can be specific to the type of virus and infection.

Remedy: Once symptoms are identified and understood, efforts can be made to find a remedy or treatment to alleviate or eliminate the symptoms.

Improvement: With the application of the remedy, improvement can be achieved as the symptoms decrease or disappear.

The logic followed here is:

2 + 8 = 10,

10 + 16 = 26,

26 + 24 = 50,

50 + 32 = 82.

So, '50' will replace the question mark in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

So, 'M' will replace the question mark in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Compassionate, Affection, and Kind all share a positive and caring connotation.

These three words represent qualities of empathy, care, and kindness.

While;

The word that is different from the other three words is "Ruthless."

"Ruthless" has a negative connotation. 

It denotes a lack of mercy, compassion, or empathy and implies a harsh and unfeeling attitude towards others.

Hence, the correct answer is "Ruthless".

The logic followed here is:

6 + 6 = 12,

12 + 8 = 20,

20 + 10 = 30,

30 + 12 = 42,

42 + 14 = 56,

56 + 16 = 72.

So, '42' will replace the question mark in the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Hence, SR is the correct answer.

The words "West," "South," and "South-West" all represent specific compass directions.

However;

"Direction" is a more general term that encompasses all possible directions, including west, south, and south-west.

Therefore, "Direction" stands out as the odd word in this context.

Hence, the correct answer is "Direction".

The pattern followed here is:

The next number in the given series is obtained by adding a consecutive prime number to the previous number.

2 + 2 = 4,

4 + 3 = 7,

7 + 5 = 12,

12 + 7 = 19,

19 + 11 = 30,

30 + 13 = 43

Hence, “43” is the correct answer.

Given numbers: 9 6 3 8 7 0 2

Here, one numbers are not changed their place after arranging in Decreasing order.

Hence, the correct answer is "one".

The logic followed here is:

For, ‘STARK' is written as 'LBFMG’,

For, 'MOBILE' is written as "TNRSPJ,

Similarly, for 'BLAME'

So, 'BLAME' will be written as 'RPFTJ'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The words as they would appear in an English dictionary is shown below:

4. Thunderstrom
5. Thursday 
6. Timber,
7. Tinkle,
8. Tinned,

Hence, '4, 5, 2, 3, 1' is the correct answer.

Additional Information

1 . First of all, check the common letter in all. 2. Arrange them according to the alphabet they come first. 3. When common letters are arranged, then go for the rest.

The logic followed here is:

Logic: Product of the outer numbers ÷ 2 = Inner number in the triangle.

For, 

 → (2 × 3) ÷ 2 → 6 ÷ 2 = 3.

For, 

 → (4 × 3) ÷ 2 → 12 ÷ 2 = 6.

Similarly,

 → (5 × 4) ÷ 2 → 20 ÷ 2 = 10.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

L, M, N and O are brothers.

1. L is darker than O.

O > L

2) N is the fairest of all.

N > _ > _ > _

3. M is fairer than O.

M > O 

Combining all the statements;

(Fairer) N > M > O > L (Darker)

L is the darkest among all.

Hence, the correct answer is "L".

The correct answer is 'He said that he did not wish to see any of them and ordered them to go away.'

Key Points

• The statement 'He said, "I do not wish to see any of you, go away"' is in direct speech.
• When we convert it into indirect speech, we have to make several changes according to the rules.
• In indirect speech, the pronouns in reported speech must be changed according to the subject or object of the reporting verb.
• Here, "you" is changed to "them" because the speaker is talking to the people, hence it will become 'them' in indirect speech.
• The tense is also transformed from present simple (do not wish) to past simple (did not wish) because in reported speech we generally shift back the tenses.
• Lastly, the comma separating the two phrases in direct speech ("I do not wish to see any of you" and "go away") is changed to 'and' and the imperative 'go away' is reported as an order.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'Kiran asked me whether I had seen the cricket match on television the previous night.'

Key Points

• The statement 'Kiran asked, "Did you see the cricket match on television last night?"' is in direct speech.
• When we transform it into indirect speech, we have to make several changes as per the rules.
• We begin with 'Kiran asked me' in indirect speech because it's a question and we change the structure to a statement.
• In indirect speech, 'did you see' changes to 'I had seen' as we generally backshift the tense.
• Here, simple past tense changes into past perfect tense.
• To change questions (which can be answered in yes or no) into indirect speech, word if or whether is used before the question in indirect speech.
• Direct questions (Questions which can be answered in YES/NO) are usually transformed into indirect statements by inserting conjunctions like 'whether' or 'if'.
• So, 'Did you see' becomes 'whether I had seen'.
• The time reference 'last night' changes to 'the previous night' because in indirect speech, words indicating nearness in time or place often undergo a change to express distance.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'A new airport is going to be built near the old one.'

Key Points 

The sentence is given in the active form, we need to change it into a passive voice.

• The instructions given below should be followed while changing an assertive sentence to a passive voice.
• Find the subject and object of the sentence and exchange their places; make changes in their cases as well if subject and object are pronouns.
• Use the preposition 'by' before the agent.
• Use an appropriate helping verb in passive form according to the tense of the active form.
• Always use the third form of the main verb in passive form.
• At last line up the remaining part.
• Let us look at the following sentence- 'They are going to build a new airport near the old one.'
• In this sentence, 'they' is the subject and 'a new airport' is the object.
• The presence of 1^st form of the verb (build) indicates the presence of the active voice in present indefinite tense.
• Now, 'build' shall change into is + 3^rd form of the verb (built) i.e. is built, with 'a new airport' being placed at the subject position.
• Now, the usage of 'going to' shall be effectively utilized in the construction by placing it after the primary helping verb (is), similar to the case of active voice.
• So, the final passive sentence is 'A new airport is going to be built near the old one.'

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'Could the salt be passed?'

Key Points

• The sentence 'Could you pass the salt?' is an interrogative sentence in active voice.
• In order to change it into passive voice, we need to shift the focus from the subject to the object.
• The subject in active voice, 'you', is not mentioned in the passive voice as it's not important who is performing the action.
• The verb 'pass' changes to 'be passed' following the rule of transforming active voice into passive where 'be + past participle' form is used.
• The structure of the sentence also changes from 'Could you pass the salt?' to 'Could the salt be passed?' following the rules of passive voice.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'The animals should not be subjected to cruelty.'

Key Points

• The original sentence, 'Don't subject the animals to cruelty,' is in active voice and is a directive.
• In this case, the speaker is instructing someone not to be cruel to animals.
• When transforming this active sentence into passive, we must change the form of the verb to a passive construction.
• The sentences is of Suggestion/ Advice type it’s the passive structure will be as follows- sub+should+be+V3
• The verb phrase 'subject...to cruelty' becomes 'be subjected to cruelty' in its passive form.
• The object of the active sentence 'the animals' becomes the subject in the passive voice.
• The prohibition 'Don't' transforms into 'should not' in the passive voice to maintain the modal verb expressing duty or obligation.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Oppose'

Key Points

• The word 'Contradict' means to assert the opposite of a statement made by (someone).
• It involves a direct denial of the truth or accuracy of what another person has said. (विपरीत कहना)
• Example Sentence: "Her version of events directly contradicts his."
• 'Oppose' means to disagree with something or someone, often by speaking or fighting against it, them, or someone. (विरोध करना)
• Hence, the word nearest in meaning to the given word is 'Oppose'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• 'Include' means to contain or have as part of a whole. (शामिल करना)
• 'Suit' means to be right for a particular person, situation, or occasion. (उपयुक्त होना)

The correct answer is 'Outcome'

Key Points

• The word 'Consequence' refers to a result or effect of an action or condition.
• It signifies something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions. (परिणाम)
• Example Sentence: "The consequence of his negligence was a severe injury."
• 'Outcome' means a result or effect of an action or event. (नतीजा)
• The word nearest in meaning to the given word 'Consequence' is 'Outcome'.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• 'Compact' refers to closely and neatly packed together; dense. (संक्षिप्त)
• 'Peace' refers to freedom from disturbance; tranquility. (शांति)

The correct answer is 'Permit'

Key Points

• The word 'Consent' refers to permission for something to happen or agreement to do something.
• It implies an approval or agreement especially that is given by someone with authority. (सहमति)
• Example Sentence: "They had entered the country without official consent."
• 'Permit' means to allow something to happen, especially by an official decision, rule, or law. (अनुमति)
• Hence, the word nearest in meaning to the given word is 'permit'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• 'Aware' means having knowledge or perception of a situation or fact. (जागरूक)
• 'Oppose' means to disagree with something or someone, often by speaking or fighting against it, them, or someone. (विरोध करना)

The correct answer is 'Invincible'

Key Points

• The word 'Vulnerable' refers to a state or condition of being open to harm, damage, or attack.
• It could mean physical, emotional, or psychological harm. (संवेदनशील)
• Example Sentence: "Children are often the most vulnerable members of our society."
• 'Invincible' means too powerful to be defeated or overcome. (अपराजेय)
• Hence, the word 'invincible' is closest to the opposite in meaning of the bold word or phrase.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• 'Famous' means known about by many people. (प्रसिद्ध)
• 'Remote' means situated far from the main centers of population; distant. (दूरस्थ)
• 'Important' means of great significance or value. (महत्वपूर्ण)

The correct answer is 'Integration'

Key Points

• The term 'Racial Segregation' refers to the systemic separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. It can occur in various aspects such as housing, education, employment, etc. (जातीय विभाजन) 
• Example Sentence: "The policy of racial segregation has been abolished in many countries."
• 'Integration' refers to the process by which individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society. (समाहित करना)
• Hence, 'integration' is closest to the opposite in meaning of the bold word or phrase.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• 'Subordination' means the action of making something secondary or less important. (अधीनस्थता)
• 'Inferiority' means the condition of being lower in status or quality than another or others. (हीनता)
• 'Domination' means the exercise of control or influence over someone or something. (प्रभुत्व)

The correct answer is 'To turn failure to best advantage'

Key Points

• The phrase 'Make the best of a bad bargain' refers to the practice of doing the best one can with a given situation, especially when it's not particularly favorable or ideal. (बुरे हालातों में भी सबसे अच्छा करना)
• Example Sentence: "Even though the team lost, they decided to make the best of a bad bargain and learn from their mistakes."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• 'To make the best bargain' means to negotiate the most favorable terms in a deal.
• 'To make a bad bargain' refers to entering into an agreement or negotiation that turns out to be unfavorable.
• 'To make a bargain' means to enter into an agreement or negotiation with someone.

The correct answer is 'Accept defeat'

Key Points

• The phrase 'Throw up one's cards' is an idiom that means to surrender, give up, or admit defeat.
• It is often used in reference to card games, where throwing up one's cards would signal that one is conceding the game. (हार मान लेना)
• Example Sentence: "After struggling with the new software for hours, he finally threw up his cards and called tech support."
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Sterilise'

Key Points

• The action 'To free anything from germs' refers to the process of making something free from bacteria or other living microorganisms.
• It involves a process of cleaning which can kill or remove all types of life and other biological agents. (किसी चीज को रोगाणुमुक्त करना)
• Example Sentence: "The surgical instruments must be sterilised before use."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2

Additional Information

• 'Cauterise' refers to the practice of burning the skin or flesh of a wound with a heated instrument or caustic substance, typically to stop bleeding or prevent the wound from becoming infected.
• 'Antiseptic' is a substance that prevents infection in a wound by killing bacteria.
• 'Antivirus' refers to software designed to detect and destroy computer viruses.

The correct answer is 'Aquarium'

Key Points

• An 'Aquarium' is a transparent tank of water in which fish and other water creatures and plants are kept.
• It is specifically designed for the purpose of housing fish and other aquatic animals and plants. (एक जलाशय जहां मछलियाँ और अन्य जलीय प्राणी और पौधे रखे जाते हैं)
• Example Sentence: "She has a beautiful aquarium at her home filled with colorful fishes."
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• 'Aviary' is a large cage or a house or enclosure in which birds are kept. (एवियरी एक बड़ा पिंजरा या एक घर या घेरा है जिसमें पक्षी रखे जाते हैं।)
• 'House' is a building for human habitation, especially one that consists of a ground floor and one or more upper storeys. (घर एक इमारत होती है जो मानव निवास के लिए होती है, विशेष रूप से वह जिसमें एक भूमि तल और एक या अधिक ऊपरी मंजिलें होती हैं।)
• 'Apiary' is a place where bees are kept; a collection of beehives. (मधुमक्खियों को रखने की जगह; मधुमक्खी छत्तानों का संग्रह।)

The correct answer is 'Food and shelter in winter'

Key Points

• In the passage, it is clear that Soapy, the character in focus, does not aspire for grand things in life.
• His most pressing concern is survival, particularly during the harsh winter months.
• What Soapy wants most in life is to secure food and shelter during winter. This is evident in the

Statement:

"Three months of food every day and a bed every night, three months safe from the cold north wind and safe from cops. This is what Soapy wanted most in the world."

• He considers three months of stay at Blackwell's Island prison as a suitable solution to his needs.
• The prison would provide him with regular food and a warm bed, protecting him from the elements.
• Therefore, his primary desire is not a matter of pride, adventure, or seeking a gentleman's life, but it is essentially the basic necessities of life.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'Sailing on ships'

Key Points

• The passage mentions several signs that indicate the approach of winter.
• These include birds flying south, people buying warm clothes, and the falling of dead leaves.
• However, 'sailing on ships' is not indicated in the passage as a sign of winter. This is an action that Soapy is not considering to do, but it does not serve as an indicator that winter is coming.
• It's also worth mentioning that sailing on ships is not typically associated with the arrival of winter. It could be a seasonal activity, but it is not an universally acknowledged sign of the approaching winter season.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'Self-respecting'

Key Points

• The passage gives us an insight into Soapy's character.
• He is presented as someone who is proud and values his own dignity, as is evident from the

Statement:

"Soapy's spirit was proud."

• Even in his tough situation, he chooses not to ask for help from the places in the city where he could get food and a bed because he doesn't want to answer questions about his life or pay in some way for the help.
• The option that best encapsulates Soapy's personality, as presented in the text, is 'Self-respecting.'
• This term implies that Soapy has a certain sense of personal dignity and respects himself enough to not want to justify his existence or actions to anyone.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Madison Square'

Key Points

• At the beginning of the passage, it is stated that "Soapy moved restlessly on his seat in Madison Square."
• The entire narrative then revolves around Soapy's plans for the approaching winter while he is at Madison Square.
• Hence, Soapy is currently in Madison Square.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'He would have to answer questions about his life'

Key Points

• The passage explains that Soapy had the option to ask for food and shelter in places within the city. However, he chooses not to do so.
• The reason for his choice is stated: "If he went to any of these places, there were certain things he had to do. In one way or the other, he would have to pay for what they gave him. They would not ask him for money but they would make him wash himself well and answer questions. They would want to know everything about his life."
• Therefore, Soapy doesn't want to ask for help because he would have to answer questions about his life.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'intelligent'

Key Points

• In this sentence, we need an adjective that can describe a quality that prevents someone from being easily deceived.
• The adjective 'intelligent' fits this context perfectly.
• The sentence "He is too 'intelligent' to be deceived easily" states that the individual being referred to possesses a high level of intelligence, making it difficult for others to trick or mislead them.
• Being 'strong', 'modern', or 'kind' does not necessarily protect someone from deception.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• 'Strong' (Option a) refers to physical or emotional strength, which doesn't directly relate to being easily deceived.
• 'Modern' (Option b) is about being current or up-to-date, not about discernment or being hard to deceive.
• 'Kind' (Option c) refers to a person's benevolent and caring nature, but kind people can be easily deceived due to their trusting nature.
• This cannot be filled in the blank as it states that 'kindness' will prevent someone from being deceived which is not the intended meaning of the sentence.
• A kind person may be more likely to trust others, which could make them more susceptible to deception.

The correct answer is 'flock'

Key Points

• A shepherd is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards herds of sheep, so the correct collective noun to use here is 'flock'.
• 'Flock' is the collective noun for a group of sheep, and it fits perfectly in the context of the sentence.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• 'Crew' (Option a) is a group of people working together, often used in the context of sailors or workers on a ship.
• 'Fleet' (Option c) is used for a group of ships or vehicles.
• 'Gang' (Option d) usually refers to a group of people involved in criminal activities.

The correct answer is 'To; against'

Key Points

• 'To my knowledge' is a phrase used to indicate that something is true according to what the speaker knows or believes.
• 'Against' is the appropriate preposition to use with 'prejudice'.
• When someone is prejudiced against a group, it means they have an unfounded bias or negative preconception about the group.
• The correct prepositions to use in this sentence are 'to' and 'against'.
• The sentence would read: "To my knowledge, Mr. Ashok was a prejudice against foreigners."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2

The correct answer is 'of'

Key Points

• The correct preposition to use in this sentence is 'of'.
• In English, the verb "absolve" is typically followed by the preposition "of."
• The phrase "absolve of" means to set someone free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt.
• When someone is "absolved of" charges, they are declared free from blame or responsibility related to those charges.
• Therefore, the correct choice to fill in the blank in your sentence is: "The court has absolved him of all the charges levelled against him."
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'at'

Key Points

• The correct preposition to use in this context is 'at'.
• When we "glance at" something, it means we take a quick look at it.
• This makes sense in the context of the sentence as the person was in a hurry and did not have time to read the letter thoroughly.
• The sentence would read: "He was in a hurry and just glanced at the letter."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• 'Over' (Option 1) is typically used when one goes through content in a thorough manner. Since the person is in a hurry, he would not 'glance over' the letter.
• 'Through' (Option 3) implies a complete and thorough examination or reading, which contradicts the context of the sentence where the person is in a hurry.
• 'With' (Option 4) is not the correct preposition to use with 'glanced'.

The correct answer is 'over'

Key Points

• The correct preposition to use in this context is 'over'.
• The sentence would read: "Nowadays, rich people enjoy influence over the police authorities."
• 'Influence over' something or someone means having the power to change or affect that thing or person.
• This fits the context of the sentence, as it refers to the power or sway that rich people may have over police authorities.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• 'With' (Option a) would not be the correct preposition to use here. You can have influence 'with' a group of people, but not 'with' an authority or power.
• 'On' (Option d) is also not the correct preposition to use here. While 'on' can be used in some contexts to show influence, it is more commonly used with 'impact' or 'effect', not 'influence'.