CISF Head Constable Ministerial 23 July 2023 (Shift 1) Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Ala Singh.

Key Points

• The first ruler of the Patiala dynasty was Ala Singh (1695-1765).
• The rulers of the Patiala dynasty ruled the princely state of Patiala.
• This dynasty ruled from 1761 to 1967.
• The last king of the Patiala dynasty was Yadavindra Singh (1938).
• The most popular king of the Patiala dynasty was Maharaja Bhupinder Singh (1891-1938).
• The kings of Patiala was known for owning the highest cricket ground in Chail.
• They were the first Indian to own a car and aircraft (Wright brothers model-B craft).

Important dynasties in Indian History are as follows:-

The correct answer is World Trade Organization.

Key PointsThe World Trade Organization (WTO)

• It is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.
• It officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, signed by 123 nations on 15 April 1994, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948.
• The Headquarters of WTO in Geneva, Switzerland.
• The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. It is the largest international economic organization in the world.
• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.

The correct answer is Barren Island.

Key Points

• Barren Island is the only active volcano in India located in Andaman and Nicobar island.
• It is located in North and Middle Andaman.
• The first eruption of the volcano took place in 1787 since then the volcano has erupted more than 10 times.
• The recent eruptions were in 2017.
• Andaman and Nicobar island (Union Territory)
• Capital: Sri Vijaya Puram.
• Governor: D. K. Joshi. (February 2021)
• The number of islands: 572 islands out of which only 37 islands are permanently inhabited.
• Folk dance: Nicobari dance.
• Famous festival: Pig festival.
• Division Channel: 10-degree channel divides Andaman and Nicobar Island.
• Long Island is located in New York state.
• Neil island is located in the Andaman and Nicobar island famous for sunset views, coral reefs, etc.
• The other name of Neil island is Sir Hugh Rose island.

The correct answer is 1951.

Key Points

• Finance Commission is a Constitutional body that defines the financial relationship between the Central Government and the State Government.
• The first Finance Commission came into existence on 22nd November 1951 and its Chairman was Kshitish Chandra Neogy.
• The headquarters of the Finance Commission is in New Delhi.
• Arvind Panagariya is the Chairman of the current 16th Finance Commision.

Additional Information

• The President of India constitutes the Finance Commission every five years which consists of a chairman and four other members.
• Article 280 of the Constitution of India deals with the Finance Commission and Article 243I deals with the State Finance Commission.
• The bodies which are mentioned in the Indian Constitution and are considered more powerful and Independent are known as Constitutional bodies, and those which are not mentioned in the Constitution are known as Non-Constitutional bodies. Finance Commission is a Constitutional body.
• Governor constitutes Finance Commission every five years to review the financial position of Panchayats and Municipalities.

The correct answer is Babur.

• The First Battle of Panipat was fought in the year 1526 between the forces of Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi in which Lodhi was defeated and Mughal rule was established in India.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1.5.

Important Points

• According to Article 112 of the Constitution of India, the Union budget also known as the Annual Financial Statement is a statement showing the estimated revenue and expenditure of the Government for a period of one year.
• The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is the minimum price set by the Government for agricultural produce.
• It is the price at which agricultural products must be purchased directly from the farmers so that farmers can get minimum profit on their harvest whatever may be the open market price.
• The Minimum Support Price is set on the recommendation of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) since 2009 taking into consideration the following factors:
• Demand for Product.
• Supply of Product.
• Cost of Production.
• Fluctuations in prices.
• Trends of market prices.
• Various costs and prices of the international market.
• Agricultural wage rate.
• The Minimum Support Price mechanism in total covers 23 commodities they are as follows:-
• Paddy
• Wheat
• Maize
• Sorghum
• Pearl millet
• Barley
• Ragi
• Gram
• Tur
• Moong
• Urad
• Lentil
• Peanut
• Rapeseed
• Soybean
• Sesame
• Sunflower
• Safflower
• Niger seed
• Copra
• Sugarcane
• Cotton
• Raw Jute
• As announced in the Union Budget, 2018-19, the Government of India fixes the Minimum Support Price (MSP) of crops at a level of at least 1.5 times of the all India weighted average cost of production.

The correct answer is West Bengal.

Key Points

• Cyclone Bulbul came in the areas of Odisha and West Bengal.
• 35 National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) teams have been assigned to these states to combat the cyclone.
• The districts put on alert include Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur, Ganjam, Puri, Gajapati, Malkangir Malkangiri, Koraput, Rayagada, Nabarangpur, Kalahandi, Kandhamal, Boudh and Nuapada.

Additional Information

• Important cyclones:

The correct answer is 1867.

Key Points

• Prarthana Samaj was founded by Atmaram Pandurang in 1867.
• It was founded in Bombay.
• It was formed to carry out social and religious reforms.
• Dr Atmaram Pandurang was an Indian Physician and Social Reformer.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Bhutan.

• Gangkhar Puensum is the highest point in Bhutan and the highest unclimbed mountain in the world.
• Other important peaks:
• Mount Everest is the world's highest mountain.
• The Sandakphu is the highest peak of West Bengal.
• The Doddabetta is the highest peak of Tamilnadu.
• Deomali is the highest mountain peak of Odhisha.
• The highest Mountain in Victoria is Mount Bogong.
• Kalsubai Shikhar is the highest mountain peak in Maharashtra.
• Nanda Devi is the highest mountain in Uttarakhand.
• Kangchenjunga is the highest peak in India & the third highest summit in the World.

Additional Information

Important Facts about Bhutan

• ​The current king of Bhutan is Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck.
• The official language of Bhutan is Dzongkha.
• The capital of Bhutan is Thimpu.
• The currency of Bhutan is Ngultrum.
• The parliament of Bhutan is known as Tshogdu.
• The founder of Bhutan is Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel.
• The word “Bhutan” translates to “Land of the Thunder Dragon.” It earned the nickname because of the fierce storms that often roll in from the Himalayas.
• The most important Bhutanese festival is Tshechu.
• Ema Datshi is the National dish(Food) of Bhutan.

The correct answer is Carbon dioxide.

Key Points

Carbon dioxide is used in the manufacture of soft drinks because when compared with other gases it is more stable and dissolves better in water.

• It gives drink dizziness which reacts with water and forms carbonic acid which produces a lemonish flavour.
• Carbon dioxide is made up of one atom of carbon and two oxygen atoms. The molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO2.
• When hydrocarbon fuels such as wood, coal, natural gas, gasoline, and oil are burned carbon dioxide is released.
• The percentage of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 0.04%.

Additional Information

Oxygen is the member of the Chalcogen group in the periodic table its symbol is O.

• It is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that instantly reacts with other elements in nature.
• The ozone layer which protects the earth from harmful Ultra Violet rays that cause skin cancer is an allotrope of three oxygen atoms.
• The atomic number of oxygen is 8. In the atmosphere 21% oxygen is present.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a tasteless, highly inflammable, colourless, and odourless gas available in the atmosphere which is less dense than air.

• If carbon monoxide enters the human body then it sticks with oxygen-carrying haemoglobin and creates clotting of blood inside the human body which is very dangerous and leads to death.
• Carbon monoxide is made up of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom. Its molecular formula is CO.
• Carbon monoxide forms when there is partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds i.e in a situation where there is less oxygen to form carbon dioxide for example: operating a stove, incomplete combustion of coal in the fireplace at homes when all doors are closed.

Radon gas is highly used in the treatment of cancer.

• Radon is a Noble gas i.e they are very stable and do not react with any other gas present in the atmosphere.
• The symbol of Radon is Rn and its atomic number is 86.
• It is one of the rarest elements found in nature because it has a life of only 3.8 days.
• It is radioactive in nature.
• Radon gas was discovered by Friedrich Ernst Dorn a German chemist in 1900 when he was studying the decay chain of radium.

The Correct  Answer is 4.

Key Points

• Methane is a chemical substance with the CH4 chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).
• It is a hydride of group-14 and the simplest alkane and is the primary natural gas constituent. The relative abundance of methane on Earth makes it an economically attractive fuel, however, under normal temperature and pressure conditions, extracting and storing it poses technical difficulties due to its gaseous nature.
• Naturally occurring methane, which is produced by both geological and biological processes, is present both below ground and under the seafloor.
• In the form of methane clathrates, the largest source of methane is under the seafloor.
• A one-carbon compound in which four hydrogen atoms are bound to the carbon by single bonds. It is a gas that is colourless, odourless, non-toxic yet flammable (b.p. −161°C).

The Correct Answer is Gorakhpur.

Key Points

• The incident of Chauri Chaura occurred on 4 February 1922 in Chauri Chaura in the United Province district of Gorakhpur (modern Uttar Pradesh) in British India, when a large number of demonstrators involved in the Non-cooperation campaign clashed with the fire-opening police.
• The protesters assaulted and set fire to a police station in revenge, killing all its inhabitants. The incident resulted in three people and 22 policemen being killed.
• On 12 February 1922, as a direct consequence of this event, Mahatma Gandhi, who was purely against violence, suspended the non-cooperation campaign at the national level.

Additional Information

• Indians, led by Mahatma Gandhi, became active in a national non-cooperation movement in the early 1920s.
• Protests were initiated by the Indian National Congress to oppose repressive government legislative initiatives, such as the Rowlatt Act, with the eventual aim of swaraj or liberation, using non-violent means of civil disobedience known as Satyagraha.

The Correct Answer Orange.

Key Points

• Orange colours have a wavelength longer than that of Yellow.
• The order of colours of light is called the visible light spectrum, arranged from the shortest wavelength to the longest.
• The photo below shows the visible spectrum of light, which ranges from violet to red. You might consider the continuum as the order of a rainbow of colours.
• But light waves may often have wavelengths shorter or greater than the wavelengths in the visible spectrum, although unlike some wavelengths, certain familiar forms of radiation are just light waves.
• Wavelengths shorter than violet light have ultraviolet light and x-rays, and wavelengths longer than red light have infrared (heat) and radio waves.

Important Points

The Correct Answer is 77 °Fahrenheit.

Key Points

• Celsius is used in most of the world to calculate temperatures. At 0° Celsius, water freezes and boils at 100 °Celsius.
• Fahrenheit is a scale widely used in the United States for calculating temperatures.
• °Fahrenheit =  {(9/5) x °Celsius} + 32
• °Fahrenheit = (9/5) x 25 + 32
• °Fahrenheit = 45 + 32
• °Fahrenheit = 77°

Additional Information

• 80 °Fahrenheit = 26.67 °C
• 75 °Fahrenheit = 23.89 °C
• 87 °Fahrenheit = 30.56 °C

The correct answer is China.

Key Points

Wild giant panda are now found only in China.

• They are also known as Panda bear.
• The scientific name of the giant panda is Ailuripoda melanoleuca.
• They mostly eat leaves, stems, and shoots of various bamboo species, and they even eat other plants and meat.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Sri Lanka.

Vedda is the indigenous minority tribe of Srilanka.

Additional Information

Important Tribes of India:

The correct answer is Gateway of India.

Key Points

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation is the full form of UNESCO.

• UNESCO is a specialized agency of the united nations formed to promote world peace and security through international cooperation in education, science, and culture.
• At present193 countries are members of UNESCO, Palestine was the last country to become a member of UNESCO. The United States of America and Israel left UNESCO on 31st December 2018.
• The headquarters of UNESCO is in Paris, France.
• UNESCO was formed on 16th November 1945.
• The current head of UNESCO is Audrey Azoulay.
• UNESCO gives Kalinga prize for achievement in the field of Science.

 

Some important UNESCO world heritage sites and their locations:

• So referring to the above list we can say that Gateway of India is not the UNESCO world heritage site.

The correct answer is Protein.

• Table showing Deficiency, Scientific name of Vitamins, and Diseases caused.

Key Points

The correct answer is Tooth enamel.

Key Points

• Calcium and fluorine are essential for the formation and strengthening of teeth.
• The number of teeth that are developed twice in the lifetime of human beings is 20.
• Tooth enamel is the strongest part of our body.
• Tooth enamel is a thin outer covering of teeth.
• It makes our teeth white and it exists to protect the crowns of healthy teeth.
• Tooth decay occurs in human beings due to the destruction of tooth enamel.
• Tooth enamel is made up of hydroxyapatite crystals, which is calcium Phosphate.
• Scurvy (bleeding of gums) is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin C.
• The scientific name of Vitamin C is ascorbic acid.
• Orange, Lemon, and Gooseberry is the rich source of vitamin C.

The correct answer is China.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation is the full form of UNESCO.

• UNESCO is a specialized agency of the united nations formed to promote world peace and security through international cooperation in education, science, and culture.
• At present193 countries are members of UNESCO, Palestine was the last country to become a member of UNESCO. The United States of America and Israel left UNESCO on 31st December 2018.
• The headquarters of UNESCO is in Paris, France.
• UNESCO was formed on 16th November 1945.
• The current head of UNESCO is Audrey Azoulay.
• UNESCO gives Kalinga prize for achievement in the field of Science.

Image of UNESCO Logo

Some important UNESCO world heritage sites and their locations:

The correct answer is Ostrich.

Key Points

Ostrich is one of the largest flightless bird in the world.

• The scientific name of the Ostrich is Struthio Camelus.
• They are native to Africa.
• It is one of the fastest running bird.
• They eat stones as they don't have teeth when food reaches the gizzard (second stomach) the stones present in the gizzard helps in grinding.
• They eat plant matter and invertebrates.

Image of Ostrich bird

Emu is the second-largest living bird by height.

• Dromaius novaehollandiae is the Scientific name of Emu.
• They are mostly found in Australia.
• They are soft-feathered flightless birds.
• Gizzard (second stomach) is also present in emu.
• They eat leaves, grass, fruits, native plants, and insects.

Image of the Emu bird

Kiwi is a flightless bird.

• The scientific name of Kiwi is Apteryx Mantelli.
• They are mostly found in New Zealand.
• Its egg is one of the largest in proportion to the body size up to 20 percent of the female's weight of any species of bird in the world.
• They eat small stones as they don't have teeth when food reaches the gizzard (second stomach) the stones present in the gizzard helps in grinding fibrous food.
• They eat plant material, seeds, berries, and insects.

Image of Kiwi

Flamingo is the wading bird.

• The scientific name of Flamingo is phoenicopterus roseus.
• They are mostly found in Africa, Asia, and Europe.
• They eat small fish, insects, blue-green algae, etc.

Image of Flamingo

The correct answer is Phosphorus.

Key Points

• Phosphorus is a macromineral that is required by the human body in large amounts.
• It plays a critical role in the formation of bones and teeth.
• Phosphorus is a key component of DNA, RNA, and ATP, which are essential for energy production and genetic function.
• It is involved in the body's utilization of carbohydrates and fats, and in the synthesis of protein for the growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues.
• The body requires phosphorus for proper kidney function, muscle contractions, and nerve signaling.
• The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for phosphorus for adults is about 700 mg per day.

 Additional Information

• Iodine
• Iodine is a trace element that is needed by the body in smaller amounts compared to macrominerals.
• It is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.
• Zinc
• Zinc is also a trace element and is required in smaller amounts than macrominerals.
• It is crucial for immune function, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and cell division.
• Iron
• Iron is considered a trace element as well, although it is needed in slightly larger amounts than iodine and zinc.
• It is vital for the formation of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.

The correct answer is 26th November.

Key Points

• The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November 1949.
• The Constitution became effective on 26th January 1950.
• The Constitution of India consists of two houses Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.
• To date, there are 448 articles, 25 parts, 12 Schedules, and 106 Constitutional Amendments (Article 368) in the Constitution of India.
• Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar is known as the Father of the Constitution of India. he is the chairman of the Drafting Committee.
• Important Days Celebrated in India:-

The correct answer is Krishna.

Key Points

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The correct answer is Mpemba effect.

Key Points

• The phenomenon that hot water may freeze faster than cold is often called the Mpemba effect.
• The heliocentric model is basically called sun centric model.
• Nicolas Copernicus was the first scientist who gives sun centric model.
• He gave his view in a book “on the revolutions of heavenly spheres” in the year 1543.
• Big Bang Theory is a hypothesis that explains how our universe originated from a small singularity.
• This theory gives an explanation of how our universe might have started in the first place.
• As per this theory, the universe that we know today started with a small singularity and then inflated over the next 13.8 billion years (present times).
• Edwin Hubble was an American Astronomer. His work involved extragalactic astronomy.
• The Hubble telescope, the first major optical telescope to be placed in space, is named after him.

Formula used:

Mean of first n natural numbers = (n + 1)/2

Calculation:

We know that 

Mean of first n natural numbers = (n + 1)/2

Here, n = 10

⇒ (10 + 1)/2 = 11/2 = 5.5

∴ The mean of 10 natural numbers is 5.5.

Calculation:

LCM of 16, 20, 25, 35 = 2800

Multiply each fraction by LCM

$\frac{15}{16}, \frac{19}{20}, \frac{24}{25}, \frac{34}{35} ?$

(15/16) × 2800 = 2625

(19/20) × 2800 = 2660

(24/25) × 2800 = 2688

(34/35) × 2800 = 2720

∴ The smallest fraction is $\frac{15}{16}$.

Concept used:

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below,

Calculation:

 1 - [5 - {2 + (-5 + 6 - 2)2}] = ? 

 1 - [5 - {2 + (-1)2}] = ? 

 1 - [5 - {2 - 2}] = ? 

 1 - [5 - 0] = ? 

 1 - 5 = ? 

∴ ? = - 4

Calculation:

1009 = 1× 1009 

1016 =  1016 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 127 = 2³ × 127

1024 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32²

1025 = 5 × 5 × 41

∴ 1024 is a perfect square.

Calculation:

√3^x = 729

(√3)x = 729

(3^1/2)x = 729

3^(x/2) = 729 = 3⁶

Comparing both side

x/2 = 6

∴ x = 12

Shortcut Trick

To find the greatest number leaving a remainder of 9 in each case, subtract 9 from all the given numbers.

134 − 9 = 125

159 − 9 = 150

184 − 9 = 175

The required greatest number is simply the HCF of the differences: HCF(125, 150, 175) = 25.

∴ The correct answer is 25.

Alternate Method

Given:

Numbers to be divided: 134, 159, and 184.

Remainder in each case = 9.

Formula Used:

Required Number = HCF of (N₁ − R), (N₂ − R), and (N₃ − R).

Calculations:

⇒ First number = 134 − 9 = 125

⇒ Second number = 159 − 9 = 150

⇒ Third number = 184 − 9 = 175

⇒ Now, find the HCF of 125, 150, and 175 using prime factorization:

⇒ 125 = 5 × 5 × 5

⇒ 150 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 5

⇒ 175 = 5 × 5 × 7

⇒ The highest common factor (HCF) is 5 × 5 = 25.

∴ The correct answer is 25.

Additional Information

Case 1: Greatest number leaving same given remainder

The greatest number that divides x, y, and z leaving a remainder r in each case = HCF of (x − r), (y − r), and (z − r).

Case 2: Greatest number leaving same unknown remainder

The greatest number that divides x, y, and z leaving the exact same remainder in each case = HCF of |x − y|, |y − z|, and |z − x|.

Case 3: Least number leaving same remainder

The least number which when divided by x, y, and z leaves a remainder r in each case = LCM(x, y, z) + r.

Calculation:

LCM of 20 min, 30 min & 40 min is 120 min

120 min = 2 hr

Hence, 

Bell ring together at 1 PM.

Concept:

Average = sum of observation / Number of observation

Calculation:

Average of 20 numbers

⇒ (Sum of first 10 numbers + Sum of next 10 numbers) / 20

= ((10 × 5) + (10 × 15)) / 20

= (50 + 150) / 20

= 200 / 20 = 10

Formula Used:

For 2 numbers a,b,

Mean proportion = √ab

Third proportion = b2/a

Calculation:

Using the above concept,

Third ratio = 3²/5 = 9/5

∴ Third ratio = 1.8

Calculation:

2% = 2/100 

2% = 1/50

Calculation:

40% of 40% of x is 40

40% × 40% × (x) = 40

(40/100) × (40/100) × (x) = 40

(40/10000) × (x) = 1

x = 10000/40 

∴ x = 250

Shortcut Trick

If a sum becomes n₁ times in T₁ years and n₂ times in T₂ years at Simple Interest:

⇒ T₁ ÷ (n₁ − 1) = T₂ ÷ (n₂ − 1)

Here, T₁ = 20 years, n₁ = 3, and n₂ = 5.

⇒ 20 ÷ (3 − 1) = T₂ ÷ (5 − 1)

⇒ 20 ÷ 2 = T₂ ÷ 4 ⇒ T₂ = 40 years

∴ The correct answer is 40 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

A sum of money becomes 3 times of itself in 20 years.

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (Principal × Rate × Time) ÷ 100

Amount = Principal + Simple Interest

0 Years 20 Years ? Years

P 3P 5P

Interest = 2P

Interest = 4P

Time ∝ Simple Interest Earned

Calculation:

Let the principal sum be P.

⇒ Amount after 20 years = 3P

⇒ Simple Interest earned in 20 years = 3P − P = 2P

Since Simple Interest at a constant rate is directly proportional to time:

⇒ Interest of 2P is earned in 20 years.

⇒ Interest of 1P is earned in 20 ÷ 2 = 10 years.

Now, we need the sum to become 5 times of itself.

⇒ Required Amount = 5P

⇒ Required Simple Interest = 5P − P = 4P

⇒ Time required for 4P interest = 4 × 10 = 40 years.

∴ The correct answer is 40 years.

Additional Information

Simple Interest vs Time

At a constant rate of interest, the Simple Interest earned is directly proportional to the time period (SI ∝ T). The original principal remains constant throughout the tenure.

Compound Interest Case

If the same question mentioned Compound Interest, we would use the relation: If a sum becomes x times in T years, it becomes xⁿ times in nT years. The logic differs significantly from SI.

Calculating the Rate Percent

You can also determine the constant Rate (R) for this transaction. Rate = (SI × 100) ÷ (P × T) ⇒ (2P × 100) ÷ (P × 20) = 10% per annum. Applying R = 10% to the second case will yield the same 40 years result.

Shortcut Trick

If two taps fill a tank in x and y minutes separately, the time taken to fill the tank together is (x × y) ÷ (x + y).

Given x = 20 minutes and y = 30 minutes.

Required time = (20 × 30) ÷ (20 + 30)

Required time = 600 ÷ 50 = 12 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 12 minutes.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by tap A = 20 minutes

Time taken by tap B = 30 minutes

Formula Used:

Total Work (Capacity) = LCM of individual times

Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time taken

Calculations:

⇒ Total work (tank capacity) = 60 units

⇒ Combined efficiency of A and B = 3 + 2 = 5 units/min

⇒ Time taken by both taps working together = Total Work ÷ Combined Efficiency

⇒ Time taken = 60 ÷ 5 = 12 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 12 minutes.

Additional Information

Emptying Pipe (Leakage)

If a pipe or leak empties the tank, its efficiency is taken as negative. The net efficiency is the sum of positive (filling) and negative (emptying) efficiencies.

Three Pipes Working Together

If three pipes can fill a tank in x, y, and z minutes respectively, the time taken by all three together is (x × y × z) ÷ (xy + yz + zx).

Part of Tank Filled

If a pipe can fill a tank completely in x hours, then the part of the tank filled by it in 1 hour is 1/x.

Calculation:

Let's denote

The granddaughter's age is X

The grandfather's age is Y

According to the question,

Y = 10X      -----(1)

Y = X + 54

From (1)

10X = X + 54

X = 6

Substituting X = 6 into the first equation gives us Y

Y = 60

∴ The granddaughter is 6 years old and the grandfather is 60 years old.

Concept:

A Pythagorean triplet is a set of three positive integers a, b, and c that fit the

rule a² + b² = c².

This is the equation form of the Pythagorean Theorem.

Calculation:

8² + 15² = 64 + 225 = 289. √289 = 17, not 18.

So this is not a Pythagorean triplet.

8² + 15² = 64 + 225 = 289. √289 = 17.

So, this is a Pythagorean triplet.

8² + 9² = 64 + 81 = 145. √145 is not an integer,

So this is not a Pythagorean triplet.

8² + 11² = 64 + 121 = 185. √185 is not an integer,

So this is not a Pythagorean triplet.

So, the answer is 8, 15, 17.

Calculation:

CP = 450 Rs.

Tax = 5% of 450 = (5/100) × 450

Tax = 22.5

∴ Bill amount = 450 + 22.5 = Rs. 472.50

Explanation:

Chord: 

• The chord of a circle is defined as the line segment joining any two points on the circumference of the circle.
• Every diameter of a circle is also a chord. In fact, the diameter is the longest chord of a circle.
• Every chord of a circle is not a diameter as every chord doesn't pass through the center of a circle.

Shortcut Trick

Total Area = Area of Base + Area of 2 Side Faces + Area of Back Face

Base Area = 80 × 30 = 2400 cm²

Side Faces Area = 2 × (30 × 40) = 2400 cm²

Back Face Area = 80 × 40 = 3200 cm²

Required Area = 2400 + 2400 + 3200 = 8000 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 8000 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Length (l) = 80 cm

Breadth (b) = 30 cm

Height (h) = 40 cm

Length (l) = 80 cm Height (h) = 40 cm Breadth (b) = 30 cm Back face Base (Bottom)

Formula Used:

Area of paper needed = Area of base + Area of back face + 2 × Area of side faces

Area = (l × b) + (l × h) + 2(b × h)

Calculations:

⇒ Area of base = l × b = 80 × 30 = 2400 cm²

⇒ Area of back face = l × h = 80 × 40 = 3200 cm²

⇒ Area of two side faces = 2 × (b × h) = 2 × (30 × 40) = 2 × 1200 = 2400 cm²

⇒ Total Area = 2400 + 3200 + 2400

⇒ Total Area = 8000 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 8000 cm².

Additional Information

Total Surface Area of Cuboid

The total area of all six faces of a cuboid is given by 2(lb + bh + lh).

Lateral Surface Area of Cuboid

The area of the four vertical side faces (excluding top and base) is 2h(l + b).

Volume of Cuboid

The space occupied by the cuboid is calculated as Length × Breadth × Height (l × b × h).

Diagonal of a Cuboid

The longest rod that can be placed inside a cuboid is √(l² + b² + h²).

Concept:

M₁D₁H₁/W₁ = M₂D₂H₂/W₂

Calculation:

Let n workers are required.

15 × 48 = 30 × n

48 = 2n

∴ n = 24

Calculation:

MP = 840 /-

SP = 714 /-

Discount = 840 - 714 = 126

Discount (in %) = [Discount / MP] × 100

Discount (in %) = (126/840) × 100

∴ Discount = 15%

Calculation:

Let the number be n.

According to the question

(70% - 55%)n = 72

(15 %) n = 72

15 n/100 = 72

n = 7200 / 15 

∴ n = 480

Given:

'A' can finish a work in 18 days.

'B' can do the same work in half the time taken by 'A'.

So, 'B' can finish the work in 18/2 = 9 days.

Calculation:

Rate of work of 'A' = 1/18 work/day.

Rate of work of 'B' = 1/9 work/day.

The combined rate of work of 'A' and 'B' = Rate of 'A' + Rate of 'B'.

The combined rate of work of 'A' and 'B'

⇒ 1/18 + 1/9 = 1/18 + 2/18 = 3/18 = 1/6 work/day.

 ∴ 'A' and 'B' working together can finish 1/6th of the work in a day.

Shortcut Trick

Radius of sphere (R) = 30 mm and Radius of wire (r) = 1 mm.

Using Volume equality: Length (L) = (4/3) × R³ / r²

⇒ L = (4/3) × 30 × 30 × 30 / 1² = 4 × 10 × 900 = 36000 mm.

Convert to meters: 36000 mm ÷ 1000 = 36 m.

∴ The correct answer is 36 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Diameter of sphere = 6 cm ⇒ Radius (r_s) = 3 cm

Diameter of wire = 2 mm ⇒ Radius (r_w) = 1 mm = 0.1 cm

Formula Used:

Volume of sphere = (4/3) × π × r³

Volume of cylinder (wire) = π × r² × h

Calculations:

⇒ Volume of sphere = (4/3) × π × (3)³

⇒ Volume of sphere = (4/3) × π × 27 = 36π cm³

⇒ Let the length of the wire be 'L' cm.

⇒ Volume of wire = π × (0.1)² × L

⇒ Volume of wire = π × 0.01 × L

Since the sphere is melted to form a wire:

⇒ 36π = 0.01 × π × L

⇒ 36 = 0.01 × L

⇒ L = 36 ÷ 0.01 = 3600 cm

⇒ Length in meters = 3600 ÷ 100 = 36 m

∴ The correct answer is 36 m.

Additional Information

Volume Conservation

When a solid object is melted and recast into another shape, the total volume remains constant, provided there is no wastage.

Cylindrical Wire

A wire is essentially a very long cylinder where the length represents the height (h) and the cross-section is a circle.

Unit Conversion Rules

1 cm = 10 mm | 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm. Always ensure all dimensions are in the same unit before calculation.

Explanation:

Lateral surface area = circumference of base × height of the cylinder

Lateral surface area = 2πr × h

Given:

The first number, a = 99.

The second number, b = 100.

Calculation:

⇒ a² = 99² = 9801

b² = 100² = 10000

b² - a² = 10000 - 9801 = 199.

The above difference includes the square of 100 itself (10000).

To count only the numbers between the squares, subtract 1:

⇒ 199 - 1 = 198.

Therefore, there are 198 numbers between the squares of 99 and 100.

As per given information;

Clockwise = 135° 

Anticlockwise = 90°Angle = 135° - 90° = 45° (Clockwise)

Now person is facing in North West Direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "North West".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

A possible tree diagram will be:

Manju's husband is Nephew of Sushma

Hence, the correct answer is "Nephew".

Table and Chair both come under Furniture.

The correct Venn diagram is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (b)".

Taking dice positions 5 as common,

Moving clockwise from the Common number 1,

Pair of opposite numbers:

1 - 4

3 - 6

5 - 2

So, the opposite number to 1 is 4.

Hence, the correct answer is "4".

LOGIC: 

Similarly;

Hence, option (4) is the correct answer.

The given figure when folded is as follows:

Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.

The water image of this image is:

Hence, option (4) is the correct answer.

Given Squares are;

There are 15 Squares in the given figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "15".

Shortcut Trick There are 3 rows and 3 columns in the above figure. So let n = 3.

Here, we using formulas for finding number of squares in an n × n grid as follows.

Formula :-

n2 + (n - 1)2 + (n - 2)2 + - - - - - - - - - - + (n - n)2

 

Now substitute n = 3 in the above formula,

32+ (3 - 1)2 + (3 - 2)2 + (3 - 3)2 

9 + 4 + 1 + 0 = 14

One more squares is small square.

So, total number of squares = 14 + 1 = 15

Hence, the correct answer is "15".

According to the English alphabet series and its positional value:

The logic follows here is: 

(Sum of Positional Values of Letters of the Word) ÷ 4 = Code

In FILM : 10 →

F = 6, I = 9, L = 12 , M = 13

(6 + 9 + 12 + 13) ÷ 4 = 40 ÷ 4 = 10

Similarly;

In HOTE : ? →

H = 8, O = 15, T = 20, E = 5

(8 + 15 + 20 + 5) ÷ 4 = 48 ÷ 4 = 12

Hence, the correct answer is "12".

In the given question,

The 8th letter from left is H.

The 10th letter from right is Q.

Thus number of letters between H and Q are 26 - (8 + 10) = 8.

Hence, the correct answer is "8".

Formula used:

(x1 × y1) / z1 = (x2 × y2) / z2

Here, x = cats

y = minutes

z = rats

Calculations:

Put all values in the formula,

⇒ (4 × 4) / 4 = (8 × y2) / 8

⇒ y2 = 4

Thus, '4' minutes will take 8 cats to kill 8 rats.

Hence, the correct answer is "4".

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this is as follows;

Hence, the correct answer is "GHS".

'Photoshop' is related to 'Software'

We can see that "Photoshop" is a specific type of "Software" indicating that "Photoshop" falls under the category of software.

Similarly,

'Optical Mouse' is related to 'Hardware'

An optical mouse is an advanced hardware computer pointing device that uses light emitting diodes.

Hence, the correct answer is “hardware”.

The pattern followed here is;

Hence, the correct answer is "56".

The pattern followed here is;

Hence, the correct answer is "19, 33".

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this is as follows;

Hence, the correct answer is "VIJ".

Inch, Centimeter, and Yard are units of measurement used for length or distance.

While;

"Ounce" is a unit of measurement used for weight or mass.

Hence, the correct answer is "ounce"

The logic follows here is;

Consecutive Perfect Squares.

1. 16 ∶ 25: These are consecutive perfect squares.

4² = 16 and 5² = 25

2. 36 ∶ 49: These are consecutive perfect squares.

6² = 36 and 7² = 49

3. 64 ∶ 81: These are consecutive perfect squares.

8² = 64 and 9² = 81

4) 50 ∶ 25: These are not consecutive perfect squares.

7² = 49, but 8² is not equal to 50

Hence, the correct answer is "50 ∶ 25".

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this is as follows;

Hence, the correct answer is "Q, T".

The Pattern follows here is;

Similarly;

Hence, the correct answer is "RTEHA".

According to the given information, the pattern followed here is:

First a particular falls ILL, then visits a doctor, then consults with doctor, then takes treatment, and the last step is recovery.

So the sequence will be Illness < Doctor < Consultation < Treatment < Recovery

2. Illness

3. Doctor

4. Consultation

5. Treatment

6. Recovery

Hence, the correct answer is "2, 3, 1, 4, 5"

The pattern followed is:

Top right number = multiplication of top left number and bottom number 

In fig 1:

729 = 81 × 9

729 = 729

In fig 2:

512 = 64 × 8

512 = 512

Similarly,

In fig 3:

? = 49 × 7

? = 343 

Hence, the correct answer is "343".

Alternate Method The pattern followed is:

In First Figure:

In Second Figure:

Similarly;

In Third Figure:

Hence, the correct answer is "343".

Total students in class = 45

Ayush Rank from Top = 15th

Formula Used:

Rank from one side = Total - Rank from another side + 1 

So, 

Ayush rank from bottom = Total student - Ayush rank from top + 1

= 45 - 15 + 1

= 31

Ayush is 31^st from the bottom.

Hence, the correct answer is "31".

1. Rohit is taller than Swati.

Rohit > Swati

2. Manoj is shorter than Swati.

Swati > Manoj

3. Sumit is taller than Rohit. 

Sumit > Rohit 

4) Ashish is shortest.

_ > _ > _ > _ > Ashish

Comining all the statements:

Sumit > Rohit > Swati > Manoj > Ashish

Sumit is tallest among all the five friends.

Hence, the correct answer is "Sumit".

The pattern follows here is;

In 9 × 5 × 2 = 529

And;

In 4 × 7 × 2 = 724

Similarly;

In 3 × 9 × 8 = ? 

Hence, the correct answer is "983".

The correct answer is "Gangu, are you in your senses?" asked Moti.

 Key Points

• The original sentence is in indirect speech. Converting it into direct speech, we need to pay attention to the reporting verb and the reported speech.
• The reporting verb 'asked' suggests that the direct speech would be a question. This eliminates options that aren't questions.
• In the reported speech, 'the latter was in his senses', 'the latter' is a reference to 'Gangu'.
• Hence, the direct speech should have Gangu's name at the beginning, as seen in all the options.
• The phrase 'in his senses' directly translates to 'are you in your senses', which is present in option 1.
• Other options alter the meaning slightly, so they are incorrect.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is "Suresh said to Prasad, "Did you watch the cricket match on television last night?"​.

 Key Points

• The reported speech 'he had watched the cricket match on television the previous night' suggests that in direct speech, it would be a question about whether Prasad watched the match. Hence, the correct option should be a question.
• The word 'previous' in indirect speech often changes to 'last' in direct speech.
• So, the phrase 'the previous night' becomes 'last night'.
• In reported questions, 'asked' usually precedes the person asked, which rules out options that use 'asked to' or place 'asked' before 'Suresh'.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is "The glasses were filled with water by the waiter."

 Key Points

• The original sentence is in active voice.
• The subject (the waiter) performs the action of the verb (filled).
• To convert it to passive voice, the object of the active sentence (the glasses) becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• The verb in the passive voice is composed of a form of "be" (in this case, "were" to agree with 'glasses') and a past participle (filled).
• The original subject ('the waiter') is now introduced by the preposition 'by'.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is "The dog was taken for a walk by her."

 Key Points

• The original sentence is in active voice. The subject ('She') performs the action of the verb (took).
• In the passive voice, the object ('the dog') becomes the subject.
• The verb in the passive voice is composed of a form of "be" (in this case, "was" to agree with 'the dog') and a past participle (taken).
• The preposition 'by' introduces the original subject ('her').

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is "You will be laughed at by them."

 Key Points

• The original sentence is in active voice. The subject ('They') performs the action of the verb (will laugh).
• In the passive voice, the object ('you') becomes the subject.
• The verb in the passive voice is composed of a form of "be" (in this case, "will be") and a past participle (laughed).
• The preposition 'by' introduces the original subject ('them').

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'Genuine'.

 Key Points

• 'Authentic' (असली) refers to something that is real, true, or genuine. It's used to describe something that is of undisputed origin or not a copy.
• For example: The document was authenticated by experts, confirming that it was an authentic 17th-century piece.
• 'Genuine' (सही) also refers to something that is real or true and not fake or counterfeit. It's used in similar contexts as 'authentic'. It can describe anything that is sincere or not pretending.
• For example: Her genuine concern for others was evident in her actions.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 Additional Information

• 'Clever' (चतुर) means being quick to understand, learn, and devise or apply ideas; it's used for describing someone as smart or intelligent.
• 'Outsider' (बाहरी) refers to a person who does not belong to a particular group or place.

The correct answer is 'Ancient'.

 Key Points

• 'Antique' (प्राचीन) is a term used to describe something that is old and often valuable. It's usually associated with items like furniture or works of art that have high value because of their considerable age.
• For example: I love browsing through antique shops looking for unique items.
• 'Ancient' (प्राचीन) refers to something that belongs to the very distant past and is no longer in existence. It's used to describe civilizations, time periods, or objects from a long time ago.
• For example: The ancient Egyptian civilization is known for its remarkable architectural and scientific achievements.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• 'Follower' (अनुयायी) refers to a person who supports and admires a particular person or set of ideas.
• 'Expert' (विशेषज्ञ) refers to a person who is very knowledgeable about or skillful in a particular area.

The correct answer is 'Adjoining'.

 Key Points

• 'Adjacent' (किसी के निकट या बग़ल में स्थित) refers to something that is next to or adjoining something else. It's used to describe geographical locations, rooms in a building, or any items that are side by side.
• For example: The hotel is adjacent to the bustling city market.
• 'Adjoining' (सटा हुआ) also means to be next to or joined with something. It describes a relationship between two objects, places, or areas that are next to each other.
• For example: The adjoining rooms were connected by a small corridor.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• 'Opponent' (विरोधी) refers to someone who competes against or fights against another in a contest, game, or argument.
• 'Support' (समर्थन) refers to giving assistance to, especially financially.

The correct answer is 'Cheerful'.

 Key Points

• 'Dismal' (निराशाजनक) refers to something that is depressing or causing gloom or misery. It describes a sad, gloomy, or hopeless situation or atmosphere.
• For example: The weather was dismal, with heavy rain and dark clouds.
• 'Cheerful' (खुशमिज़ाज) is an adjective used to describe something or someone that is noticeably happy and optimistic. It is the opposite of 'dismal'.
• For example: Her cheerful smile always brightens up the room.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 Additional Information

• 'Jovial' describes a lively and sociable mood.
• 'Dreadful' (भयानक) means causing or involving great suffering, fear, or unhappiness; extremely bad or serious.
• 'Gloomy' (उदास) refers to something that is dark or poorly lit, which often has an effect of causing feelings of depression or melancholy.

The correct answer is 'Boldness'.

Key Points

• 'Modesty' (संकोच) is the quality of not being too proud or confident about yourself or your abilities. It implies a lack of self-assertiveness and a tendency to avoid boasting.
• For example: Despite his immense success, he maintained a sense of modesty.
• 'Boldness' (साहस) is characterized by a strong, vivid, or clear appearance; it can refer to a willingness to take risks and act innovatively; it refers to confidence or courage. This is in contrast to 'modesty'.
• For example: The project required a degree of boldness to venture into unexplored technological domains.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• 'Reserve' (संयम) refers to the lack of warmth or openness in manner or expression.
• 'Mildness' (कोमलता) refers to the quality of being mild or gentle, typically in the context of weather.
• 'Humility' (नम्रता) is the quality of having a modest or low view of one's importance.

The correct answer is 'To be afraid'.

 Key Points

• 'Get cold feet' (डर जाना) is an idiomatic expression which means to suddenly become too frightened to do something you had planned to do, especially something important such as getting married.
• For example: He was going to try bungee jumping, but he got cold feet at the last minute.
• 'To be afraid' (डरना) conveys a similar meaning of being scared or fearful, thus it's the most appropriate option here.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 Additional Information

• 'To run for life' refers to the act of running away to save oneself, typically from a dangerous situation.
• 'To get cold' simply refers to the state of feeling or becoming cold, a drop in body temperature.
• 'To become discourteous' refers to becoming impolite or lacking in manners.

The correct answer is 'A day of merry making'.

 Key Points

• 'A Gala day' (उत्सव का दिन) refers to a day of festivity or celebration. The term 'gala' is often used to denote festive occasions that include lots of enjoyment, entertainment, and merry-making.
• For example: The annual village fair was a gala day for everyone, with music, food, and games.
• 'A day of merry making' (खुशियों का दिन) captures the essence of the phrase 'A Gala day', as it refers to a day filled with joy, celebration, and fun.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 Additional Information

• 'A day of sadness' (दुःख का दिन) refers to a day filled with sorrow or grief.
• 'A day of significance' (महत्वपूर्ण दिन) refers to a day that holds special importance or value, perhaps due to a special event or occurrence.
• 'A mournful day' (शोक का दिन) refers to a day marked by sadness, sorrow, or grief, often associated with a tragic event or loss.

The correct answer is 'Antidote'.

 Key Points

• An 'Antidote' (प्रतिविष) is a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning.
• The term ultimately derives from the Greek term pharmakon, which, with respect to poisoning, means a substance that has the power to harm or to heal.
• For example: The doctor administered an antidote to neutralize the effects of the poison.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• An 'Antibiotic' (एंटीबायोटिक) is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.
• An 'Antiseptic' (विषोधक) is a substance that stops or slows down the growth of microorganisms.
• An 'Antifungal' (फफूंदनाशक) is a medication used to treat fungal infections.

The correct answer is 'Misogamist'.

 Key Points

• A 'Misogamist' (विवाह घृणित करने वाला) is a person who hates marriage, avoids marriage, or has a strong aversion to marriage.
• For example: Despite societal pressure, he remained a misogamist, valuing his independence and freedom.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

 Additional Information

• A 'Misanthrope' (मानव द्वेषी) is a person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society.
• A 'Polygamist' (बहुविवाही) is a person who has more than one wife or husband at the same time.
• A 'Misogynist' (स्त्री द्वेषी) is a person who dislikes, despises, or is strongly prejudiced against women.

The correct answer is 'The writer wants to indicate that physically handicapped people are being incorporated in the main stream of the society.'

Key Points

• The passage discusses how society's perspective of physically handicapped individuals has changed over time.
• The author emphasizes that, despite their disabilities, these individuals possess other abilities that can be channeled in various directions.
• The passage notes that only recently has society begun to acknowledge its responsibilities towards the handicapped and recognize their potential for contributing to the economy and social life.
• The author does not suggest that handicapped individuals are a burden on society, nor does he focus on how charitable organizations are helping them. Rather, the main point is their incorporation into the mainstream of society.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'Initially, very few people believed in the idea that handicapped people have abilities that can be channelised in different directions.'

Key Points

• The passage indicates that initially, few people considered that handicapped individuals could possess abilities that could be useful in other areas.
• The author does not mention charitable organizations believing handicapped people are better suited for employment. He also doesn't discuss any collaborative efforts between charitable organizations and NGOs. The author does not suggest that charitable organizations neglected the handicapped either.
• The focus is on how perceptions have changed, leading to a greater appreciation for the potential abilities of handicapped individuals.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'Shortage of labor resources.'

Key Points

• The passage highlights that during the 1939-45 war, the shortage of labor resources compelled fighting nations to utilize the services of handicapped individuals.
• The focus here is on the pressure of resources rather than on the capabilities of handicapped people, financial benefits, or political pressure from other nations.
• The war situation led nations to recognize and utilize the skills and capabilities of physically handicapped people within the limits of their capacities.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'Hearing impairment and Physical weakness.'

Key Points

• The passage discusses how scientific inventions and discoveries have reduced the disabilities associated with deafness (a form of hearing impairment) and some forms of paralysis (which can be interpreted as physical weakness).
• The author does not discuss improvements in color blindness, speech impairment, or vision impairment. The focus is specifically on hearing and physical weakness.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'During war, the service of physically handicapped people was utilized keeping in mind their alternative skills within the limit of their capacities.'

Key Points

• The passage suggests that during the war, the services of physically handicapped individuals were utilized, considering their alternative skills within their capacity limits.
• The author does not state that physically handicapped people played a major role in the victory of specific nations during the war.
• The passage also does not mention that scientists and doctors work collaboratively to support people with physical impairments, or that scientists alone have found ways to enable handicapped people to work like normal people. The emphasis is on the use of handicapped people's skills within their capacities during the war.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'eruption' (Option 1).

 Key Points

• The sentence is referring to an event that could be caused by a volcano, leading to great devastation.
• Therefore, the most suitable word to fill in the blank is "eruption" (विस्फोट).
• An example sentence using 'eruption' can be: "The sudden eruption of the volcano took the villagers by surprise."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 Additional Information

• "Outburst" (उग्र प्रकटीकरण) usually refers to a sudden release of emotion or energy.
• "Erosion" (अपक्षरण) typically refers to the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.
• "Movement" (चाल) generally refers to a change in position, but in the context of geology, it can also refer to tectonic shifts. However, it doesn't fit here as it doesn't directly cause devastation like an eruption.

The correct answer is 'determining'.

 Key Points

• The sentence refers to the process of deciding or establishing the price of a product for marketing purposes.
• The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "determining" (निर्धारित करना).
• An example sentence using 'determining' can be: "They are determining the best course of action for the company."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• "Arriving" (पहुंचना) is often used to describe reaching a destination or a conclusion, but it doesn't fit well in this context.
• "Thinking" (सोचना) is the process of considering something, but it's not the best choice for this context.
• "Noticing" (ध्यान देना) means paying attention to something, which is not appropriate in this context.

The correct answer is 'confidential'.

 Key Points

• The sentence is talking about documents that need to be kept under lock and key, implying that they are private or sensitive.
• Therefore, the most suitable word to fill in the blank is "confidential" (गोपनीय).
• An example sentence using 'confidential' can be: "The company keeps all its confidential documents in a secure vault."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 Additional Information

• "Required" (आवश्यक) refers to something that is needed or necessary, but it doesn't necessarily imply privacy or the need for secure storage.
• "Useful" (उपयोगी) denotes something that can be of use or benefit, but again, it doesn't suggest the need for secure storage.
• "Necessary" (जरूरी) is similar to "required," indicating a need or requirement but not necessarily privacy or secure storage.

The correct answer is 'out'.

 Key Points

• The phrase "cut out for" ((कुछ) करने या होने के लिए स्वाभाविक रूप से सक्षम या उपयुक्त।) means that someone is well-suited or appropriately skilled for a certain role or task.
• An example sentence using 'cut out for' can be: "Her natural talent for singing shows that she's cut out for a career in music."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 Additional Information

• "Cut up" (काटना) generally means to cut something into smaller pieces, and doesn't fit this context.
• "Cut down" (कम करना) typically refers to reducing something in size, quantity, or extent.
• "Cut from" (से काटना) refers to removing a portion from a whole, which doesn't make sense in this context.

The correct answer is 'on'.

 Key Points

• When we say that someone is "on a diet" (आहार पर), we mean that they are following a regulated eating plan, usually to lose weight or for health reasons.
• An example sentence using 'on a diet' can be: "He's been on a diet for a month to get in shape for the marathon."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 Additional Information

• "At diet" (आहार पर) is not a correct phrase in English.
• "**Off diet" (**आहार से बाहर) generally suggests that someone is not following their prescribed or chosen diet, which contradicts the context here.
• "In diet" (आहार में) isn't a typical English phrase, and it doesn't fit this context.

The correct answer is 'up' (Option 3).

 Key Points

• The phrase "stays up" (जागता रहता है) refers to remaining awake, usually later than usual. It fits perfectly in this context.
• An example sentence using 'stays up' can be: "She usually stays up late to study for her exams."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 Additional Information

• "Stays on" (रहता है) could suggest continuing an activity, but it doesn't fit this context as well as "stays up".
• "Stays out" (बाहर रहता है) typically means remaining outside of one's home, which isn't implied in this sentence.
• "Stays to" (के लिए रहता है) isn't a typical English phrase, and it doesn't fit this context.