CISF Constable (Fireman) 26 Sept 2023 Shift 3 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

A possible tree diagram will be:

She is the mother of Sunil.

Hence, the correct answer is "Mother".

Ganga: It is one of the major rivers in the Indian subcontinent, flowing across northern India.

Shivasamudra: It is a town in the state of Karnataka, India, famous for the Shivasamudra Falls, where the river Kaveri cascades. So in this context, it's basically a waterfall.

Dhuandhar: It's a waterfall located in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh on Narmada River.

Jog: The Jog Falls is also a waterfall located in the Indian state of Karnataka.

So, the odd one out here is the "Ganga" because it is a river.

Whereas;

The other three are all waterfalls.

Hence, the correct answer is "Ganga".

Additional Information

Shivasamudra is a waterfall on the Kaveri river.

Dhuandhar is also a waterfall, but on the Narmada river.

Jog is a waterfall in Karnataka.

As per the dictionary, the given words can be arranged as:

4. Clear 2. Clergy
5. Clerical
6. Clever

The correct sequence is "4 2 3 1".

Hence, the correct answer is "4 2 3 1".

In figure (A) and figure (B) →

Water Image of bottom image and upper arrow sign is changed.

Similarly;

In figure (C) and figure (2) →

Water Image of bottom image and upper arrow sign is changed.

So, figure (2) is replace the question mark.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The House Sparrow is the state bird of Bihar.

Similarly;

The state bird of Uttar Pradesh is the Sarus Crane.

Hence, the correct answer is "Sarus Crane".

The logic followed is:

Decoding the information, 

 

Given the equation: 5 ÷ 10 - 2 + 10 × 4 = ?

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

= 5 × 10 ÷ 2 - 10 + 4 

= 5 × 5 - 10 + 4 

= 25 - 10 + 4 

= 29 - 10

= 19

Hence, the correct answer is "19".

As per the dictionary, the given words can be arranged as:

3. Anagram
4. Analogy
5. Analysis
6. Anatomy

The correct sequence is "3, 1, 2, 4".

Hence, the correct answer is "3, 1, 2, 4".

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this is as follows;

Similarly;

Hence, the correct answer is "OHJFSPG".

As per the dictionary, the given words can be arranged as:

4. Before
5. Behalf
6. Behind
7. Believe

The correct sequence is "4, 3, 2, 1".

Hence, the correct answer is "4, 3, 2, 1".

Rihand:

• The Rihand River is a tributary of the Son River and flows through the Indian states of Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh.
• It's also the site of the Rihand Dam.

Tehri:

• It refers to the Tehri Dam which is the highest dam in India and one of the highest in the world, located in the state of Uttarakhand.

Hirakund:

• The Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, in the Indian state of Odisha.
• It's one of the largest dams in the world.

Trombe:

• This isn't associated with rivers or dams in India.
• It refers to a Trombe wall, a sun-facing wall built from material that can absorb and store heat.
• Named after French engineer Felix Trombe, it's a technology used for passive solar building design.

Therefore, the odd word out is "Trombe" as it's a term related to solar energy architecture.

While;

All the others (Rihand, Tehri, and Hirakund) are names associated with dams in India.

Hence, the correct answer is "Trombe".

The logic followed is:

Decoding the information, 

 

Given the equation: 30 ÷ 20 - 10 + 10 × 5 = ?

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

= 30 × 20 ÷ 10 - 10 + 5 

= 30 × 2 - 10 + 5 

= 60 - 10 + 5 

= 65 - 10 

= 55

Hence, the correct answer is "55".

The set is given: 25, 5, 20

LOGIC: (First Number - Third Number) = Second Number

In 25, 5, 20 →

(25 - 20) = 5

Similarly;

In 30, 5, 25 →

(30 - 25) = 5

Hence, the correct answer is "30, 5, 25".

The embedded part of image is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The least possible Venn diagram will be as follows: 

Conclusions:

Conclusions:

I. All dark is night → Does not follows (As All days are Night and Some day are dark. So, some dark is night)

II. Some dark are nights → Follows (As All days are Night and Some day are dark. So, some dark is night)

Hence, Only conclusions II follows.

Sarnath:

• It's a city located near Varanasi in the northeast Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
• Sarnath is significant because it’s the site where the Buddha first taught the Dharma after attaining enlightenment.

Lumbini:

• Lumbini, in present-day Nepal, is the birthplace of Gautam Buddha.

Bodhgaya:

• In the Indian state of Bihar, Bodhgaya is the place where Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment.

Dilwara:

• The Dilwara temples are a group of Jain temples in Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India.
• These temples are world-famous for their stunning use of marble and intricate carvings.

Three of these places - Sarnath, Lumbini, and Bodhgaya - are important sites related to Buddha's life, making them vital to Buddhism.

While;

Dilwara is a significant site in Jainism. Hence the odd one out here is "Dilwara".

Hence, the correct answer is "Dilwara".

Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal.

Similarly;

Tehran is the capital of Iran.

Hence, the correct answer is "Tehran".

The pair 121 and 144 both are perfect squares.

121 is the square of 11.

144 is the square of 12.

Following this pattern, the pair that could be similar to 121, 144 is:

4 ∶ 25 →

4 is the square of 2.

25 is the square of 5.

Hence, the correct answer is "4 ∶ 25".

The embedded part of image is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The pattern followed here is;

Hence, the correct answer is "43, 86".

The logic followed is:

Decoding the information, 

 

Given the equation: 2 Y 4 W 6 X 8 Z 4 = ? 

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

= 2 × 4 + 6 - 8 ÷ 4 

= 2 × 4 + 6 - 2

= 8 + 6 - 2

= 14 - 2

= 12

Hence, the correct answer is "12".

1. Jyoti is to the immediate right of Ashok.

 

2. Suman is between Jyoti and Prem.

So, Case - 3 and Case - 4 gets eliminated.

3. There is Prem between Babita and Suman.

So, Case - 2 gets eliminated.

4. Babita is not at the left end of the row. 

Ashok is at the left end of the line.

Hence, the correct answer is "Ashok".

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this is as follows;

Similarly;

Hence, the correct answer is "PKEG".

Completing the incomplete pattern;

Figure (2) is complete the Pattern

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Logic: 'Both numbers are Prime Number'.

Given:

29 ∶ 43  

Here, '59 ∶ 83' is the Prime Number

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this is as follows;

Hence, the correct answer is "BD".

The correct answer is Indian Renaissance

Key Points

• Indian Renaissance:-
• Indian Renaissance: Its Missionary Aspect is a book written by C.F. Andrews in 1912.
• It is a study of the Indian Renaissance from a Christian missionary perspective.
• Andrews argues that the Renaissance was a manifestation of the Christian spirit in India, and that it was leading India towards a new era of spiritual and social progress.
• The book is divided into three parts. The first part discusses the general background of the Renaissance, including the rise of nationalism, the revival of Hinduism, and the spread of education.
• The second part examines the specific contributions of Christian missionaries to the Renaissance, including their work in education, social reform, and spiritual renewal.
• The third part looks to the future of the Renaissance, and argues that it will lead to the establishment of a new and more just society in India.
• C.F. Andrews:-
• He was an Anglican priest, Christian missionary, educator, social reformer, and activist for Indian independence.
• He was born in England, but he spent most of his life in India, where he became a close friend and confidant of Mahatma Gandhi.

Additional Information

• Indian Diary book:-
• It is a fictional novel written by Sherman Alexie.
• It was first published in 2007 and is considered a young adult classic.
• The novel is told from the perspective of Arnold Spirit Jr., a 14-year-old Native American boy who lives on the Spokane Reservation.
• Indian Struggle:-
• The Indian Struggle, 1920–1934 is authored by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
• Essays on the Gita:-
• It is a book by Sri Aurobindo, an Indian philosopher and yogi.
• The book is a collection of essays on the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred Hindu scripture.
• The essays were first published in the journal Arya between 1916 and 1920, and were later revised and published as a book in 1922.

The correct answer is Commonwealth games 2022.

Key Points

• Commonwealth Games 2022:-
• The 2022 Commonwealth Games were held in Birmingham, England from 28 July to 8 August 2022.
• Over 5,000 athletes from 72 countries competed in 280 events in 20 sports.
• The Games were the largest Commonwealth Games ever held, and they were also the most inclusive, with a record number of athletes with disabilities competing.
• The motto 'Sports for All' was related to Commonwealth games 2022 only.
• This motto reflected the organizers' commitment to making the Games accessible and inclusive for everyone, including athletes with disabilities, spectators from all backgrounds, and the people of Birmingham and the West Midlands region.

Additional Information

• 2022 FIFA World Cup:-
• It was held in Qatar from 20 November to 18 December 2022.
• It was the first World Cup to be held in the Arab world and Muslim world, and the second held entirely in Asia after the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan.
• Khelo India Youth Games:-
• The fifth edition of the Khelo India Youth Games was held in eight cities of Madhya Pradesh from January 31 to February 11, 2022.
• Over 6,000 athletes from 37 states and union territories competed in 22 sports.

The correct answer is ICICI Bank.

Key Points

• ICICI Bank:-
• ICICI Bank is a private commercial bank, not a nationalized bank.
• It was originally established as a development finance institution in 1955, but it was converted into a commercial bank in 1994.
• ICICI Bank is one of the largest banks in India, with a network of over 5,900 branches and 16,650 ATMs across the country.
• ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking and financial services to corporate and retail customers, including:
• Deposit accounts
• Loans
• Credit cards
• Investment banking
• Insurance
• Asset management

Additional Information

• Nationalized banks:-
• These are commercial banks that are majority-owned by the Government of India.
• They play a vital role in the Indian economy by providing financial services to individuals and businesses, and by financing infrastructure projects and other economic development initiatives.
• There are 12 nationalized banks in India as of October 2023:
• State Bank of India
• Punjab National Bank
• Bank of Baroda
• Bank of India
• Central Bank of India
• Canara Bank
• Union Bank of India
• Indian Overseas Bank
• Punjab and Sind Bank
• Indian Bank
• UCO Bank
• Bank of Maharashtra

The correct answer is Article 344.

Key Points

• Article 344:-
• Article 344 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to constitute a Commission regarding the official language.
• The Commission is required to make recommendations to the President on the following matters:
• The progressive use of the Hindi language for the official purposes of the Union;
• Restrictions on the use of the English language for all or any of the official purposes of the Union;
• The language to be used for all or any of the purposes mentioned in Article 348;
• The form of numerals to be used for any one or more of the official purposes of the Union.

Additional Information

• Article 343:-
• Article 343 of the Indian Constitution recognizes Hindi in Devanagari script as the Official Language of the Union
• Article 343 or 343 (1) refers to Hindi as the official language of the Government of India and the script used for it is the Devanagari script.
• Devanagari script is based on the ancient Brahmi script.
• Article 347:-
• It empowers the President to recognize any language spoken by a substantial proportion of the population of a State as an official language of that State.
• This power can be exercised by the President on a demand being made in that behalf.
• Article 351:-
• It enjoins the union to promote the spread of Hindi Language so that it may serve as a medium of expression of all the elements of the composite culture of India.

The correct answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• First Mangrove Pitta bird census:-
• The first Mangrove Pitta bird census was conducted in two coastal districts of Odisha (Kendrapara and Jagatsingpur) in January 2023.
• The census was carried out using a point count method, where direct sightings and chirping sounds were used to count the birds.
• The census found that a total of 179 individual birds were counted, with the highest concentration found in the mangroves near the Mahipura river mouth inside the Bhitarkanika National Park.
• The census was conducted by the Forest Department of Odisha in collaboration with the Wildlife Institute of India and the BirdLife International.
• The census team included over 100 trained birdwatchers and forest officials.

Additional Information

• Mangrove Pitta:-
• The Mangrove Pitta is a near-threatened species of bird.
• It is found only in the mangrove forests of Bhitarkanika and Sundarban in India.

The correct answer is Depreciation.

Key Points

• Depreciation:-
• The reduction in the value of factors during the production process is called depreciation.
• It is the difference between the value of the factors at the beginning of the production process and their value at the end of the process.

Additional Information

• Gross Domestic Product:-
• GDP is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, typically a quarter or a year.
• It is a broad measure of overall domestic production and is often used as a gauge of a country's economic health.
• Non-monetary consumption:-
• It is the consumption of goods and services that do not involve the use of money.
• It includes activities such as:
• Household labor, such as cooking, cleaning, and childcare
• Caregiving for the elderly and sick
• Volunteer work
• Informal social networks
• Barter
• Production Method:-
• It is a way of organizing and managing the resources needed to produce goods and services.
• It includes the steps involved in converting raw materials into finished products, as well as the tools and equipment used in the process.

The correct answer is 74.04**%.**

Key Points

• Census of 2011:-
• As per the 2011 census, the literacy rate of India is 74.04 %.
• Male literacy rate = 82.14%.
• Female literacy rate = 65.46%.
• The top five states and UTs where the literacy rate is the highest are:
• Kerala (94%)
• Lakshadweep (91.8%)
• Mizoram (91.3%)
• Goa (88.7%)
• Tripura (87.2%).
• Among the State/UTs, the male and female literacy rate is highest in Kerala (male: 96.11%, female 92.07%) and lowest in Bihar (male: 71.2%, female: 51.5%).

The correct answer is France.

Key Points

• 20th Varun Military Exercise:-
• The 20th edition of the Varuna military exercise between India and France was held in the Arabian Sea from March 30 to April 3, 2022.
• It was a five-day exercise that involved a wide range of maritime operations, including anti-surface, anti-submarine, and anti-air warfare exercises, tactical maneuvers, surface firings, underway replenishment, and other maritime operations.
• The Indian Navy participated with a variety of ships, submarines, aircraft, and helicopters, including the guided missile destroyer INS Chennai, the guided missile frigate INS Teg, the maritime patrol aircraft P-8I, and the fighter aircraft MiG-29K.
• The French Navy participated with the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle, the frigates FS Forbin and Provence, the support vessel FS Marne, and the maritime patrol aircraft Atlantique.

Additional Information

• Military exercises of India with Japan:-
• Dharma Guardian
• Malabar
• JIMEX
• Military exercises of India with Sri Lanka:
• Mitra Shakti
• SLINEX
• SAGAR-GARUDA
• Military exercises of India with Britain:
• Ajeya Warrior
• Konkan
• Indradhanush

The correct answer is Abhilash Tommy.

Key Points

• Abhilash Tomy:-
• He has achieved the distinction of becoming the first Indian to complete the prestigious ocean race Golden Globe Race.
• He completed the race on March 3, 2023, after sailing for 312 days.
• The Golden Globe Race is a solo, round-the-world sailing race that is considered to be one of the most challenging in the world.
• It is only open to boats that were built before 1989, and the rules are designed to replicate the conditions that sailors faced in the original Golden Globe Race in 1968-69.

Additional Information

• Yastika Bhatia:-
• She is an Indian cricketer who plays as a left-handed batter and wicket-keeper.
• She made her international debut in 2021, and has since become a key member of the Indian women's team.
• Ruchira Kamboj:-
• She is an Indian diplomat who is currently serving as India's Permanent Representative to the United Nations.
• She is the first woman to hold this position.
• Neera Tanden:-
• She is an Indian-American political consultant and government official serving as Director of the United States Domestic Policy Council since 2023.
• She previously served as a senior advisor and staff secretary to President Joe Biden from 2021 to 2023.

The correct answer is IIT Hyderabad.

Key Points

• Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology:-
• India's first 3D printed artificial cornea was developed in collaboration with the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) by a team of researchers from the LV Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI) and the Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IIT-H).
• The team of researchers, led by Dr. Sayan Basu and Dr. Vivek Singh from LVPEI, successfully 3D-printed the artificial cornea from human donor corneal tissue and transplanted it into a rabbit eye in August 2022.
• The transplant was successful, and the rabbit is now able to see clearly.
• The 3D-printed cornea is made from a biocompatible hydrogel that is derived from human corneal tissue.
• This means that the cornea is completely natural and free of any synthetic or animal components. This makes it very safe for use in human patients.

Additional Information

• IIT Guwahati:-
• It is located in the city of Guwahati in the northeastern state of Assam.
• It was founded in 1994 and is the sixth oldest IIT.
• IITG is known for its strong research programs in engineering, science, and humanities.
• It also offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs in these fields.
• IIT Delhi:-
• It is located in the city of Delhi, the capital of India. It was founded in 1961 and is the third oldest IIT.
• IITD is known for its excellence in engineering education and research.
• It offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs in engineering, science, and management.
• IIT Kharagpur:-
• It is located in the town of Kharagpur in the state of West Bengal. It was founded in 1951 and is the oldest IIT.
• IITKGP is known for its world-class engineering education and research.
• It offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs in engineering, science, and management.

The correct answer is Liliaceae

Key Points

• Garlic:-
• It belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family.
• This family includes a variety of bulbous plants, such as onions, leeks, chives, and amaryllis.
• Garlic is closely related to onions and shallots, and all three plants are members of the genus Allium.
• Amaryllidaceae plants are characterized by their bulbous roots, umbels of flowers, and simple leaves. They are found all over the world, but are most common in temperate regions.

Additional Information

• Malvaceae:-
• It is also known as the mallow family, is a large and diverse family of flowering plants with over 4,200 species in 244 genera.
• The family includes well-known plants such as cotton, hibiscus, okra, cacao, and durian, as well as many ornamental plants such as hollyhocks, linden trees, and baobab trees.
• Solanaceae:-
• It is a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals.
• The family includes more than 90 genera and nearly 3,000 species distributed throughout the world.
• Palmy family:-
• It is the Arecaceae, also known as the palm family.
• It is a family of perennial, flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales.
• Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms.
• Those having a tree-like form are called palm trees.
• Currently, 181 genera with around 2,600 species are known, most of which are restricted to tropical and subtropical climates.

The correct answer is 85th.

Key Points

• Corruption Perception Index 2022:-
• CPI 2022 was published by Transparency International.
• It ranked 180 countries and territories by their perceived levels of public sector corruption.
• The CPI is scored on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).
• India ranked 85 out of 180 countries in the Corruption Perception Index 2022, with a score of 40. This is the same rank that India received in 2021.
• Key findings were:-
• The global average CPI score remained unchanged at 43 for the tenth year in a row.
• More than two-thirds of countries scored below 50, indicating serious corruption problems.
  

26 countries fell to their lowest CPI scores ever.

• The top-scoring countries were Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, and Sweden.
• The bottom-scoring countries were Somalia, Syria, and South Sudan.

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi.

Key Points

• The word "Sarvodaya" was first used by Mahatma Gandhi in 1908 as the title of his translation of John Ruskin's book, Unto This Last.
• Gandhi later came to use the term to refer to his own political philosophy, which emphasized social and economic equality for all.
• The Sarvodaya Movement was a social movement in India that was inspired by Gandhi's ideals. It was founded by Vinoba Bhave in 1951 and aimed to promote social justice and economic equality through nonviolent means. The movement was particularly focused on land reform and rural development.

Additional Information

• Vinoba Bhave:-
• He was a Hindu monk, social reformer, and leader of the Bhoodan movement, a nonviolent land reform movement in India.
• He was a devout Hindu and a follower of Mahatma Gandhi.
• He joined the Indian independence movement in 1916 and was imprisoned several times by the British.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak:-
• He was an Indian nationalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer, and freedom fighter.
• He was one of the earliest and the most vocal proponents of complete independence or swaraj (self-rule) and a strong radical in Indian consciousness.
• He is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!".
• He formed a close alliance with many Indian National Congress leaders including Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Ghose, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad:-
• He was an Indian politician, lawyer, journalist, and scholar who served as the first president of India from 1950 to 1962.
• He was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and played a prominent role in the Indian independence movement.

The correct answer is 23.

Key Points

Jnanpith Award:-

• It is the highest literary award in India.
• It is given annually by the Jnanpith Trust, a trust established by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a non-profit organization.
• The award is given to a writer in any of the 23 (22 languages of Eighth Schedule + English)languages of India including English for their outstanding contribution to literature.​
• The award was first instituted in 1961. The first recipient was the Malayalam writer G Shankar Kurup for his collection of poems, Odakkuzhal (The Bamboo Flute).
• The award consists of a cash prize of ₹11,00,000, a bronze statuette of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge, and a citation.

The correct answer is Atmaram Pandurang.

Key Points

• Prarthana Sabha:-
• The Prarthana Sabha was established by Atmaram Pandurang in 1867 in Bombay, India.
• It was a religious and social reform movement that aimed to promote the worship of one God and to eliminate social evils such as the caste system, child marriage, and sati.
• The Prarthana Sabha was influenced by the Brahmo Samaj, another reform movement founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Bengal in 1828.
• However, the Prarthana Sabha was more moderate in its approach and took a more cautious approach to reform.
• The Prarthana Sabha gained popularity after Mahadev Govind Ranade joined the movement in 1870.

Additional Information

• Keshab Chandra Sen:-
• He was a Hindu philosopher and social reformer who attempted to incorporate Christian theology within the framework of Hindu thought.
• He was born in Calcutta, India, into a wealthy Baidya family. He was a brilliant student and excelled in his studies.
• Narayan Malhar Joshi:-
• He was an Indian trade union leader and follower of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
• He was a pioneer of the modern Indian labour movement and played a leading role in the establishment of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1920.
• Devendranath Tagore:-
• He was a prominent Indian philosopher and religious reformer who played a leading role in the Brahmo Samaj movement.
• He was the eldest son of Dwarkanath Tagore, a wealthy industrialist and philanthropist, and Digambari Devi, a pious woman.

The correct answer is Sudhir.

Key Points

• Sudhir:-
• He is associated with “Para Power Lifting”.
• Sudhir won a gold medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
• He competes in the men's 80 kg weight class.
• He is also a world record holder in the squat.
• Para powerlifting:-
• It is an adaptation of the sport of powerlifting for athletes with disabilities.
• It is the only discipline in Paralympic powerlifting and is open to anyone with a minimum level of disability who can extend their arms within 20° of full extension during a lift.

Additional Information

• Bhavina Patel:-
• She is an Indian parathlete and wheelchair table tennis player.
• She is the first Indian table tennis player to win a medal at the Paralympics, winning a silver medal in the women's singles Class 4 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo.
• Achinta Shuli:-
• He is an Indian weightlifter who won the gold medal in the men's 73 kg category at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England.
• He is the first Indian weightlifter to win a gold medal in this category at the Commonwealth Games.

The correct answer is Toto.

Key Points

• Toto :-
• It is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Toto tribal people in parts of West Bengal bordering Bhutan.
• It is a critically endangered language, with an estimated 1,000 speakers or fewer.
• Most Toto people live in Totopara, West Bengal, near the border with Bhutan.
• It is also spoken in other areas along the India-Bhutan border in Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal.

Additional Information

• Jarawa:-
• It is spoken by the Jarawa people, who live on the west coast of the South and Middle Andaman Islands.
• There are estimated to be around 250-400 Jarawa people alive today.
• The Jarawa language is an unwritten language, and there is very little documentation on it.
• Shompen:-
• It is spoken by the Shompen people, who live on Great Nicobar Island.
• There are estimated to be around 400 Shompen people alive today.
• The Shompen language is also unwritten, but there is more documentation on it than on Jarawa.
• Onge:-
• It is spoken by the Onge people, who live on Little Andaman and Dugong Creek Islands.
• There are estimated to be around 100 Onge people alive today.
• The Onge language is also unwritten, but there is more documentation on it than on either Jarawa or Shompen.

The correct answer is Canada.

Key Points

• The federal government system of India has been taken from the Canadian Constitution.
• Only the Parliament has the power to make laws on the subjects of the Union List.
• Article 245 to 255 of the Constitution discusses the Centre-State legislative relations in Part-XI.
• In the Constitution of India, three types of lists are present in the Seventh Schedule as the legislative powers between the Center and the States.
• The 'Union List' mentions important subjects, which include defence, communication, foreign policy, etc., and where only the laws of the Center are effective.

Additional Information

 Sources of Indian Constitution

The correct answer is Atul Karwal.

Key Points

• Atul Karwal:-
• The current Director General of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is Shri Atul Karwal, IPS.
• He was appointed on 15 November 2021. He is a 1988 batch IPS officer of Gujarat cadre.
• Shri Karwal has a wide range of experience in disaster management and law enforcement.
• He has served as Superintendent of Police of several districts in Gujarat, and as Deputy Commissioner of Police in Vadodara, Surat, and Ahmedabad cities.
• He has also served as Commandant of the State Reserve Police Force, Group 13, Rajkot.
• Director General of NDRF:-
• It is the head of the organization and is responsible for its overall command and control.
• The DG is also responsible for developing and implementing NDRF's policies and procedures, and for overseeing its training and operations.

The correct answer is Chaliha Sahib.

Key Points

• Chaliha Sahib:-
• It is a 40-day religious festival celebrated by the Sindhi community in India, Pakistan, and other parts of the world.
• The festival is dedicated to Bhagwan Jhulelal, the Sindhi deity of water.
• The festival begins on the 13th of July and ends on the 12th of August.
• During this time, Sindhis observe a fast, pray to Bhagwan Jhulelal and participate in a variety of religious and cultural events.

Additional Information

• Songkran:-
• Songkran is a Thai New Year festival that takes place on April 13-15 each year.
• It is a time for celebration, cleansing, and renewal.
• The name "Songkran" comes from the Sanskrit word saṅkrānti, which means "astrological passage."
• Gyan Panchami:-
• Gyan Panchami is a Jain festival that celebrates the importance of knowledge and wisdom.
• It is celebrated on the fifth day of the Kartika month in the Hindu calendar, which usually falls in October or November.
• Behdienkhlam Festival:-
• Behdienkhlam Festival is a post-sowing harvest festival celebrated by the Jaintia people of Meghalaya, India, in the month of July.
• The festival's name, which means "chasing away evil spirits," reflects its purpose of warding off malevolent forces that threaten the Pnars' well-being.

The correct answer is India's smallest wetland site.

Key Points

• Renuka Wetland:-
• It is a Ramsar site located in the Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh, India.
• It is a natural wetland with freshwater springs and inland subterranean karst formations, fed by a small stream flowing from the lower Himalayan slopes to the Giri river.
• Renuka Wetland is India's smallest wetland site. It covers an area of only 20 hectares (49 acres).
• The lake is home to at least 443 species of fauna and 19 species of ichthyofauna representative of lacustrine ecosystems, as well as a variety of flora.
• The wetland is also a sacred place for Hindus, and is named after the goddess Renuka, the wife of the sage Jamadagni.
• According to legend, the lake was formed when sage Parshuram obeyed his father and sacrificed his mother, Renuka. An annual fair is held at the lake in November to celebrate the immortality of Renuka and her son.

Additional Information

• India's largest wetland site:-
• It is the Sundarbans National Park, which covers an area of 10,237 square kilometers (3,953 square miles).
• It is located in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in West Bengal and Bangladesh, and is home to a variety of unique and endangered species, including the Royal Bengal tiger.
• India's first artificial wetland site:-
• It is the Bhoj Wetland in Madhya Pradesh. It was created in the 11th century by Raja Bhoj, the king of the Paramara dynasty.
• The wetland consists of two lakes, the Upper Lake and the Lower Lake, which are connected by a channel.
• The Upper Lake is a major source of drinking water for the city of Bhopal, and the Lower Lake is a popular tourist destination for birdwatching and boating.
• The Wetland included in India's first Ramsar site:-
• It is Chilika Lake in Odisha. It was designated as a Ramsar site in 1981, making it the first wetland in India to be recognized as a wetland of international importance.
• Chilika Lake is the largest coastal lagoon in India, and is home to a variety of migratory birds, including flamingos, pelicans, and ibises.

The correct answer is Uttarakhand

Key Points

• International Liquid Mirror Telescope:-
• India's first liquid mirror telescope, the International Liquid Mirror Telescope (ILMT), has been installed at the Devasthal Observatory in Uttarakhand, India.
• The ILMT is the largest liquid mirror telescope in Asia and the first liquid mirror telescope designed exclusively for astronomical observations.
• It is a collaborative project between astronomers from India, Belgium, and Canada.
• The ILMT is expected to begin full-scale scientific operations in October 2023.
• It will be used to survey the sky and observe a wide range of astronomical objects, including asteroids, supernovae, and space debris.
• The installation of the ILMT is a significant milestone for Indian astronomy and will help to position India as a leader in this field.

Additional Information

• Arunachal Pradesh:-
• It is a state in the northeastern part of India.
• It borders China, Bhutan, Myanmar, and the Indian states of Nagaland, Sikkim, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh.
• Arunachal Pradesh is the least populous state in India, with a population of 1.38 million and an area of 83,743 square kilometers.
• Rajasthan:-
• It is a state in the northwestern part of India. It borders the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, and Sindh (Pakistan).
• Rajasthan is the largest state in India, with an area of 342,239 square kilometers.
• Visakhapatnam:-
• It is a city on the eastern coast of India.
• It is the capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Visakhapatnam is a major industrial and port city.

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Digital Lok Adalat:-
• India's first Artificial Intelligence-based Digital Lok Adalat was started in Rajasthan, on August 13, 2022.
• The Digital Lok Adalat uses AI to automate many of the tasks involved in the Lok Adalat process, making it more efficient and accessible to the public.
• For example, the AI system can automatically match parties to cases, generate settlement agreements, and track the progress of cases.
• It is hoped that the Digital Lok Adalat model will be replicated in other states across India, helping to reduce the backlog of cases in the Indian judicial system.

Additional Information

• Artificial intelligence:-
• AI is the ability of machines to perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence.
• AI systems can learn from data, make predictions, and take actions in the real world.
• AI is used in a wide variety of applications, including:
• Natural language processing.
• Computer vision
• Machine learning
• Robotics

The correct answer is 2019.

Key Points

• National Statistical Office:-
• NSO of India is a subordinate office of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
• The NSO was formed by merging the Central Statistics Office (CSO) and the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) on May 23, 2019.
• It is responsible for collecting, compiling, and disseminating statistical data on a wide range of economic and social indicators.
• The NSO's headquarters are located in New Delhi, but it has regional offices in all states and union territories of India.
• The NSO conducts a number of important surveys, including:
• National Sample Survey (NSS): The NSS is a large-scale household survey that collects data on a variety of topics, including consumption expenditure, employment, income, education, and health.
• Annual Survey of Industries (ASI): The ASI is a survey of all industrial establishments in India. It collects data on production, employment, and investment.
• Economic Census: The Economic Census is a survey of all economic establishments in India, including businesses, farms, and government agencies. It collects data on size, ownership, and type of activity.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• The lowest female literacy rate district in Madhya Pradesh is Alirajpur.
• According to the final data of census 2011, the literacy rate of the state is 69.32%, the Male literacy rate is 78.73% and the female literacy rate is 59.2%.
• The state's highest literacy district is Jabalpur (81.1%), while the lowest literacy rate is in Alirajpur (36.1%) district.
• From 2001 to 2011, the total literacy in the decade has increased by 5.6%, while female literacy has increased by 8.9%.

Additional Information

• Literacy Rate of Various other states are:-
• ​Bihar: 61.80% (Census 2011)
• Mizoram: 91.33% (Census 2011)
• Chhattisgarh: 70.28% (Census 2011)

Shortcut Trick

(35% - 30%) = 2000

5% = 2000 

⇒ 1% = 400

⇒ 70% = 28000

Cost Price of 1 sofa = Rs.28000

Alternate MethodCalculation:

Let pay amount of the sofa =  x 

According to question

Firstly after got discount of 30% = x - 30x% = 70x%

If got discount of 35% = x - 35x% = 65x%

So, 70x% - 65x% = 2000

⇒  5x% = 2000

⇒  x% = 400  

⇒ 70x% = 28000

∴ The correct answer is pay amount of sofa Rs. 28000.

Shortcut Trick

Product of co-prime ratios (x × y) = Product of numbers ÷ (HCF)²

x × y = 2352 ÷ (28 × 28) = 2352 ÷ 784 = 3

The factors of 3 are (1, 3). Since 3 is prime, the only co-prime pair is 1 and 3.

Greater number = HCF × Greater ratio = 28 × 3 = 84

∴ The correct answer is 84.

Alternate Method

Given: Product of two numbers = 2352, HCF = 28.

Formula Used: Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM; Number₁ = HCF × x, Number₂ = HCF × y (where x, y are co-prime).

⇒ Let the two numbers be 28x and 28y, where HCF(x, y) = 1.

⇒ (28x) × (28y) = 2352

⇒ 784 × xy = 2352

⇒ xy = 2352 ÷ 784

⇒ xy = 3

⇒ The only pair of co-prime numbers whose product is 3 is (1, 3).

⇒ Number₁ = 28 × 1 = 28

⇒ Number₂ = 28 × 3 = 84

⇒ Comparing 28 and 84, the greater number is 84.

∴ The correct answer is 84.

Additional Information

Fundamental Relation

For any two numbers a and b, HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = a × b. This property is only valid for two numbers.

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are said to be co-prime if their Highest Common Factor (HCF) is 1. In the ratio method, the components remaining after dividing by HCF must be co-prime.

LCM and HCF Relationship

The LCM of a set of numbers is always exactly divisible by their HCF. LCM = HCF × (Product of remaining co-prime factors).

Given:

India needed 320 runs in 46 overs to win. 

In the first 10 overs, the average scoring rate was 5,

In the next 10 overs, it increased to 9. 

In the next 10 overs, it decreased to 5

Again increased to 8 in the next 10 overs. 

Formula Used:

Average Score = Total Run / Number of overs

Calculation:

By using the above formula,

Average Score = Total Run / Number of overs

Therefore,

Total run scored in 40 overs 

⇒ (10 × 5) + (10 × 9) + (10 × 5) + (10 × 8)

⇒   50 + 90 + 50 + 80 = 270

Remaining run = 320 - 270 = 50

Remaining over = 46 - 40 = 6

Average required = 50/6 = 8.3

∴ The correct answer is 8.3

Given:

Principle(P) = Rs 18000, Rate(R) = 6%, Time(T) = 2 years

Compounded Half-yearly

Formula used:

Amount = P(1 + R/100)^T

Amount = Principle + CI

Interest =  P{(1 + R/100)T - 1}

Calculation:

When it will be Compounded Half-yearly (6/12 ) then

Rate × 1/2 and Time × 2/1

R = 3% and T = 4 years

CI = 18000{(1 + 3/100)⁴ - 1}

⇒ 18000{(103/100)⁴ - 1}

⇒ 18000 × 0.1255088 = 2259 .15 ≈ Rs 2259.16

∴ The correct answer is Rs 2259.16

Given:

Mean(Average) of 30 observations = 35

31 written instead of 32

Formula used:

Mean = Sum of observation/number of observation

Calculation:

Let sum of 29 numbers is a and 30th number be 31

(a + 31)/30 = 35

⇒ (a + 31) = 1050

But 31 was written instead of 32 so we have to add 1 on both sides

(a + 31 + 1) = 1051

So correct mean is 

1051/30 = 35.03

∴ The correct answer is 35.03

 Shortcut Trick31 written instead of 32 means original number is 1 more

+1/30 = +0.03

Mean should be +0.03 i.e 35 + 0.03 = 35.03

Shortcut Trick

Given the ratio x : y = 4 : 7, assume x = 4k and y = 7k.

Substitute these values into the second equation: 5(4k) + 4(7k) = 15

⇒ 20k + 28k = 15

⇒ 48k = 15 ⇒ k = 15/48 = 5/16

Now find x: x = 4 × (5/16) = 5/4 = 1.25

∴ The correct answer is 1.25.

Alternate Method

Given:

x/y = 4/7

5x + 4y = 15

x = 4k

y = 7k

5x + 4y = 15 5(4k) + 4(7k) = 15 20k + 28k = 15 48k = 15 k = 15/48 = 5/16

Calculations:

⇒ From the ratio x/y = 4/7, let x = 4k and y = 7k.

⇒ Substitute the values of x and y in the linear equation:

⇒ 5(4k) + 4(7k) = 15

⇒ 20k + 28k = 15

⇒ 48k = 15

⇒ k = 15 ÷ 48

⇒ k = 5/16

⇒ Substitute the value of k back to find x:

⇒ x = 4k = 4 × (5/16)

⇒ x = 5/4

⇒ x = 1.25

∴ The correct answer is 1.25.

Additional Information

Ratio & Proportion Rule

If two quantities are in the ratio a:b, they can be represented as ax and bx where x is a common constant multiplier. This allows reducing two variables into a single variable.

Substitution Method

In solving linear equations, isolating one variable in terms of the other and substituting it into the second equation easily determines the unknown single variable.

Shortcut TrickLet, Real CP of an article = Rs. X

Article sold at 20% loss.

If we take CP = Rs. 100, SP = (100 - 20) = Rs. 80

Now, X = (100 × 180/80) = Rs. 225

∴ The real CP is Rs. 225.

Alternate Method Given:

SP = Rs. 180

Sells at 20% loss

Concept:

SP = CP - CP × loss %

Calculation:

Let, CP of an article = Rs. X

SP = (X - X × 20/100) = 4X/5

Now,

4X/5 = 180

⇒ 4X = 900

⇒ X = 225

∴ The cost price of the article is Rs. 225.

Given:

Equal number of coins of 25 paise, 50 paise, and one rupee

Total value = Rs. 112

Calculation:

Let, no. of coins of each type = a

According to the question,

⇒ 25a + 50a + 100a = 11200

⇒ 175a = 11200

⇒ a = 64

∴ There are 64 coins in each type.

Concepts used:

BODMAS Rule

Calculation:

14.05 × 6.5 ÷ 0.5 

⇒14.05 × 13 = 182.65

∴ The correct answer is 182.65.

Given:

Two painters Neeraj and Sanoj painted the bungalow in 4 days.

Neeraj alone can paint the bungalow in 10 days.

Shortcut Trick

Efficiency of Sanoj = 10 - 4 = 6

∴ Sanoj complete total work = 40/6 = 6.67 days

Alternate Method

Concept Used:

If A does a work in n days then 1-day work of A is 1/n.

Calculation:

1 day's work of Neeraj & Sanoj = 1/4

1 day's work of Neeraj = 1/10

Let the total days required to complete the work by Sanoj be X.

Now, 1/10 + 1/X = 1/4

⇒ (X + 10)/10X = 1/4

⇒ 4 × (X + 10) = 10X

⇒ 4X + 40 = 10X

⇒ 10X - 4X = 40

⇒ 6X = 40 

⇒ X = 40/6 = 6.67 days

∴ Sanoj complete total work in 6.67 days

Given:

P = Rs.8800

R = 20/3%

T = 9 months

Formula Used:

I = PRT/100

I = Simple Interest, P = Principal amount,

R = Rate of Interest, T = Time Period

Calculation:

I = PRT/100 = (8800 × 20 × 9)/(100 × 3 × 12)

⇒ I = 88 × 5 = 440

∴ Simple Interest is Rs.440

Calculation:

The price of diesel increased by 40% = 40/100 = 2/5

Let the initial price of diesel be Rs.5

The price of diesel after increment = 5 × (1 + 2/5) = Rs.7

Ratio of diesel price before and after = 5 : 7

Ratio of consumption before and after = 7 : 5

Required percentage = (7 - 5)/7 × 100 = 28.57%

∴ Required percentage is 28.57% .

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of numbers → 4% of First = 8% of Second

First : Second = 8 : 4 = 2 : 1

Difference in ratio units = 2 − 1 = 1 unit

1 unit = 1460 ⇒ Numbers are (2 × 1460) and (1 × 1460)

∴ The correct answer is 2920, 1460.

Alternate Method

Given:

Difference between numbers = 1460

Relationship: 4% of x = 8% of y

Calculations:

⇒ (4/100) × x = (8/100) × y

⇒ 4x = 8y

⇒ x = 2y

⇒ Difference = x − y = 1460

⇒ 2y − y = 1460

⇒ y = 1460

⇒ x = 2 × 1460 = 2920

∴ The correct answer is 2920, 1460.

Additional Information

Percentage Comparison

If a% of A = b% of B, then the ratio of the numbers is inversely proportional to the percentages: A/B = b/a.

Ratio and Difference

If the ratio of two numbers is a : b and their difference is D, then the numbers are [a/(a−b)] × D and [b/(a−b)] × D.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Final Population to Initial Population = 7.29 : 2.16 = 729 : 216.

Since the time period is 3 years, take the cube root of the ratio to find the 1-year growth factor.

Growth Factor = ³√729 : ³√216 = 9 : 6 = 3 : 2.

Rate of increase = (3 − 2) ÷ 2 × 100 = 1/2 × 100 = 50%.

∴ The correct answer is 50%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Present Population (P) = 2.16 crore

Population after 3 years (A) = 7.29 crore

Time (n) = 3 years

Formula Used:

A = P × (1 + R/100)ⁿ

Calculations:

⇒ 7.29 = 2.16 × (1 + R/100)³

⇒ 7.29 / 2.16 = (1 + R/100)³

⇒ 729 / 216 = (1 + R/100)³

⇒ (9/6)³ = (1 + R/100)³

⇒ 3/2 = 1 + R/100

⇒ 1.5 = 1 + R/100

⇒ R/100 = 0.5

⇒ R = 50%

∴ The correct answer is 50%.

Additional Information

Population Growth Formula

Population growth follows the Compound Interest principle: Final = Initial × (1 + R/100)ⁿ.

Successive Percentage Change

If a value increases by R% every year for n years, the total multiplier is (1 + R/100)ⁿ.

Rule of 72

To find the approximate time to double the population, divide 72 by the growth rate (72 ÷ R).

Given: 

5 men working 8 hours a day pack 15 boxes in 8 days.

Formula used:

(M₁ × H₁ × D₁)/W₁ = (M2 × H2 × D2)/W2

M = Number of men, H = Working hours, D = days, W = Work

Calculation:

Let 15 men take D days to pack 20 boxes

⇒ (5 × 8 × 8)/15 = (15 × 10 × D)/20

⇒ D = (64 × 2)/45 = 128/45 = 2.8

Hence, they will pack 20 boxes in 2.8 days.

Given:

A man sold two plots for Rs. 10,00,000

He gains 12% profit on one plot and 12% loss on other plot

Concept Used:

If the selling price for two things is same, and one is sold at x% profit and other at x% loss

Then there is always a loss of $(\frac{x^2}{100})\%$

Calculation:

According to the question

% Loss = $(\frac{12^2}{100})\%$ = $(\frac{144}{100})\%$ = 1.44%

∴ The man incurred a loss of 1.44% in the whole transaction.

Given:

Cyclist covers a distance of 780 meters in 6 minutes 30 seconds

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Calculation:

Time taken by cyclist = 6 minutes 30 seconds = 390 seconds

Speed = $\frac{780}{390} \times \frac{18}{5}$ = 7.2 km/hr     (∵ 1 km/hr = 5/18 m/s)

∴ The speed of the cyclist is 7.2 km/hr.

Given:

Akash, Raju, and Ram pay their total electricity bill in the ratio 3 ∶ 4 ∶ 5

Calculation:

The total amount paid by Akash, Raju & Ram

⇒ 40 + 52 + 64 = 156 Rs

According to the question

Akash should pay → 156 × $\frac{3}{12}$ = 39 Rs

Bill paid by Akash = 40 Rs

Raju should pay → 156 × $\frac{4}{12}$ = 52 Rs

Ram should pay → 156 × $\frac{5}{12}$ = 65 Rs

Actual bill paid by Ram = 64 Rs

Remaining = 65 - 64 = 1 Rs

∴ Ram has to pay 1 Rs to settle the payment.

Given:

The difference between compound and simple interest = 470

Rate = 8%

Years = 2

Formula used:

Sum = difference × (100/r)ⁿ

⇒ 470 × (100/8)² = 470 × (10000/64)

⇒ 73437.5

∴ The sum is 73437.5

Shortcut Trick

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Total Distance = 1600 km

Total Time = (400 ÷ 200) + (400 ÷ 400) + (800 ÷ 800) = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 hours

Average Speed = 1600 ÷ 4 = 400 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 400 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance D₁ = 400 km, Speed S₁ = 200 km/hr

Distance D₂ = 400 km, Speed S₂ = 400 km/hr

Distance D₃ = 800 km, Speed S₃ = 800 km/hr

200 km/hr 400 km/hr 800 km/hr

400 km 400 km 800 km

T₁ = 2 hr T₂ = 1 hr T₃ = 1 hr

Total Distance = 1600 km | Total Time = 4 hr

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Time for first part (T₁) = 400 ÷ 200 = 2 hours

⇒ Time for second part (T₂) = 400 ÷ 400 = 1 hour

⇒ Time for third part (T₃) = 800 ÷ 800 = 1 hour

⇒ Total Time = T₁ + T₂ + T₃

⇒ Total Time = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 hours

⇒ Total Distance = 400 + 400 + 800 = 1600 km

⇒ Average Speed = 1600 ÷ 4 = 400 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 400 km/hr.

Additional Information

Average Speed

Average speed is the ratio of the total distance covered to the total time taken for the entire journey. It is not necessarily the arithmetic mean of the individual speeds.

Average Speed for Two Equal Distances

If a person travels two equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed for the whole journey is given by (2xy) ÷ (x + y).

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/hr to m/s, multiply the value by (5 ÷ 18). To convert from m/s to km/hr, multiply the value by (18 ÷ 5).

Given:

Two cities B and D are 320 km

A Motorcyclist travels from B to D at 7 a.m. at a speed of 40 km/h

Another rider starts from D to B at 8 a.m. at a speed of 30 km/h

Formula:

Speed = Distance/time

Concept:

When two objects move on the opposite side  the speed of both

is added with each other.

Calculation:

A motorcyclist travels from B to D in 1 hour

⇒ 40 = distance/1

⇒ Distance = 40

So, Remaining distance = 320 - 40 = 280

According to the question

(40 + 30) = 280/T

⇒ T = 280/70 = 4 hours

∴ The time when they will cross each other at 8 am + 4 hours = 12 pm.

Confusion Points We calculated a 1-hour distance because the first rider started his journey 1hour earlier compared to the second one.

Concept:

Least number divisible by a group of numbers is given by their LCM.

Calculation:

14 = 2 × 7

15 = 5 × 3

18 = 2 × 3²

LCM( 14, 15, 18 ) = 2 × 3² × 5 × 7

LCM( 14, 15, 18 ) = 630

∴ Least number divisible by 14, 15 and 18 is 630

Given:

Average age of 8 people = 50 years 

Average age of 10 people = 70 years

Concept used:

Average = Sum of age of all the total people / Number of people

Calculation:

Sum of age of 8 people = 8 × 50 = 400

Sum of age of 10 people = 10 × 70 = 700

Sum of age of all the people = 400 + 700 = 1100

Total people = 8 + 10 = 18

Overall average = 1100/18 = 61.11

∴ The average age of all the people is 61.11

Shortcut Trick

Difference in percentage = 40% − 30% = 10%

Difference in marks = 10 (failed) + 30 (extra) = 40 marks

⇒ 10% of total marks = 40 marks ⇒ 1% of total marks = 4 marks

Atul failed by 10 marks, which in percentage is 10 ÷ 4 = 2.5%

⇒ Passing percentage = Atul's score + failing marks % = 30% + 2.5% = 32.5%

∴ The correct answer is 32.5%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Atul's score = 30% (Failed by 10 marks)

Kunal's score = 40% (Got 30 marks more than passing)

Calculations:

⇒ Let the total maximum marks be x.

⇒ Passing marks according to Atul = 30% of x + 10

⇒ Passing marks according to Kunal = 40% of x − 30

⇒ Since both expressions represent the exact same passing marks, we can equate them:

⇒ (30 ÷ 100) × x + 10 = (40 ÷ 100) × x − 30

⇒ (40 ÷ 100) × x − (30 ÷ 100) × x = 10 + 30

⇒ (10 ÷ 100) × x = 40

⇒ x = 40 × 10 = 400

⇒ Total maximum marks = 400

⇒ Passing marks = 30% of 400 + 10 = 120 + 10 = 130

⇒ Passing percentage = (130 ÷ 400) × 100% = 32.5%

∴ The correct answer is 32.5%.

Additional Information

Total Marks Formula

Total maximum marks can be directly calculated by dividing the sum of marks by the difference in percentage: Total Marks = (Marks Failed + Marks Excess) ÷ (% Difference) × 100.

Percentage Change

To calculate the percentage representation of any specific given marks, simply divide those marks by the total maximum marks and multiply by 100: Marks % = (Marks Obtained ÷ Total Marks) × 100.

Successive Percentage

When a value successively changes by A% and then B%, the net percentage change is given by the effective percentage formula: A + B + (A × B) ÷ 100.

Calculation:

(1/4) ∶ (1/2) ∶ (2/3)

LCM of (4, 2, 3) is 12.

Multiply all ratios by 12, the ratio becomes 

(12/4) : (12/2) : (24/3) = 3 : 6 : 8

Therefore, 

First part = 816 × 3/(3 + 6 + 8) = 816 × (3/17)

∴ First part = 144

The correct answer is "Flood".

Key Points Let's understand the meanings of the other given options:

• Spate - It refers to a large number of similar things or events appearing or occurring in quick succession. It can also refer to a sudden flood in a river, especially one caused by heavy rains or melting snow.
• For Example - A spate of burglaries alarmed the residents.
• Flood - An overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially over what is normally dry land.
• For Example - The city was rendered inaccessible due to the flood.

​Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Additional Information Let's understand the meanings of the other given options: 

• Lack: A state or condition of not having any or enough of something; an absence or deficiency.
• Shortage: A situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied; there's not enough of something needed.
• Drought: Prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water. It's often used in relation to weather and climate.

The correct answer is "He said that John had arrived on Sunday."

Key Points

• The word "said" remains the same as it's already in the past tense.
• The phrase "John arrived on Sunday" is changed to "John had arrived on Sunday".
• Here, the past simple tense "arrived" is backshifted to the past perfect tense "had arrived".
• The pronoun "John" remains the same as it refers to the same person in both sentences, and "he" before "said" also remains the same as it's the reporter of the speech.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "changes".

Key Points

• In this sentence, the verb "changes" is used incorrectly because it is in the wrong tense.
• The issue lies with the verb tense.
• In this context, the correct tense should be the infinitive form 'to change' due to the syntactical setup -- the sentence setup involves using the infinitive form of a verb after "to".
• The only error is with the verb "changes", which should be "change".

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Correct Sentence: He had made his decision and refused to change his mind.

The correct answer is "clashing".

Key Points Let's understand the meanings of the given and the marked option:

• Incompatible: Unable to exist or work together without conflict due to fundamental differences.
• For Example - Despite their deep love for each other, their incompatible lifestyles led to their breakup.
• Clashing: In harsh disagreement or conflict, often referring to colors that do not match well or ideas that are in opposition.
• For Example - Their vibrant, clashing outfits turned heads at the fashion show.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Additional Information Let's understand the meaning of the other given options:

• Compatible: Capable of living or existing together in harmony.
• Consistent: Unchanging over a period of time, reliable or stable.
• Agreeing: In harmony with; corresponding or conforming to.

The correct answer is "Extempore".

Key Points

• An extempore speech means a speech delivered spontaneously, or without preparation.
• The term 'extempore' comes from Latin and it essentially translates to 'out of the moment', which itself implies the lack of preparation.
• For Example - The professor asked the students to give an extempore speech on their favorite novels.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "bite off more than you can chew".

Key Points

• This idiom, "bite off more than you can chew", has its origins from the idea of taking a bite (figuratively, a task or responsibility) that is too large to be managed or handled effectively.
• It's often used to advise against committing oneself to more tasks or responsibilities than one can carry out.
• Therefore, in the context of the sentence, it provides the best match as it cautions against making a commitment that you might not be able to uphold.
• For Example - Before accepting another project, consider your workload; you don't want to bite off more than you can chew.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is "emmission".

Key Points

• In the English language, "emission" refers to the act of producing and discharging something, especially gas or radiation.
• It's commonly used in context of environmental issues to talk about the release of pollutants into the air.
• Note that the word "emission" contains only one 'm', unlike the misspelled version presented in the option. 
• For Example - The factory's emission of pollutants into the river has been causing significant harm to the ecosystem.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Correct Sentence: The emission of smoke and toxic chemicals has been raising the level of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere.

The correct answer is "Mahesh is being helped by Rajesh."

Key Points

• In English grammar, active sentences are characterized by their structure:
• subject + verb + object.
• In the given sentence, "Rajesh" is the subject, "is helping" is the verb, and "Mahesh" is the object.
• When changing active sentences to passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• The verb is then adjusted to include a form of "be" + past participle (-ed form for regular verbs).
• Additionally, the subject of the active sentence (the 'doer') often comes at the end of the passive sentence, introduced by the preposition "by".

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "to make people who have not met before feel more relaxed with each other".

Key Points

• The idiom "break the ice" is frequently used to refer to actions or behaviors that help to reduce tension and ease the atmosphere in a social event, especially where people are meeting each other for the first time. 
• For Example - Tanu told a funny joke at the beginning of her presentation to break the ice.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "explain".

Key Points

• The word that needs to be changed in order to make the sentence grammatically correct is "explain".
• In English grammar, after modals (can, could, would, will, should, might, etc.), we use the base form of a verb.
• However, when you talk about something that cannot be done, you must use the passive voice, which requires the past participle of the verb.
• Therefore, the correct form of the verb "explain" after "cannot be" is "explained".

Thus, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is "permisible".

Key Points

• The correct spelling of the word is "permissible," which means allowable or permitted.
• It's derived from the verb permit, meaning to allow.
• In this case, the misspelled word "permisible" should be replaced by the correctly spelled "permissible."
• For Example: Is it permissible to wear casual clothes to the office on Fridays?

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "Let the cat out of the bag".

Key Points

• The idiom "let the cat out of the bag" means to reveal a secret or disclose facts previously hidden.
• It's often used when the secret was not intended to be revealed.
• For Example: My sister was planning a surprise party for me, but my friend let the cat out of the bag by asking me about it.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is "allowed".

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "allowed".
• The sentence is trying to communicate a restriction that they could not bring their dog into the store.
• The word that fits this context is "allowed," which indicates permission or the lack thereof.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Complete Sentence: They were not allowed to take their dog into the store.

The correct answer is "sell like hot cakes".

Key Points

• The idiom "sell like hot cakes" is a common English phrase that is used to describe an item that is selling very quickly and in large amounts.
• This metaphor originates from the United States and refers to the popularity of hot cakes, a kind of pancake, which are devoured quickly when hot and fresh.
• For Example -  His new invention started to sell like hot cakes as soon as it hit the market.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is "accepts".

Key Points

• The word "assumes" in this context means that a certain condition or state is being taken as granted or accepted. The term signifies that the problem of air, noise, and water pollution is accepted or acknowledged as having serious proportions.
• For Example - When the principal retires at the end of the year, Mr. Smith will assume the position.
• Accepts - Agrees to take something that is offered or believes something to be true or valid.
• For Example - Despite the odds, she accepts her new role as CEO with confidence and determination.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Additional Information Let's understand the meanings of the other given options: 

• Denies: States that something is not true or that one has not done something.
• Refuses: Indicates one's intention not to do or accept something, typically by saying so; declines.
• Rejects: Refuses to accept, consider, or allow something.

The correct answer is "acknowledegement".

Key Points

• The correct spelling of the word is "acknowledgement," not "acknowledegement."
• Acknowledgement - The recognition or acceptance of the existence, validity, or legality of something, often used in the context of confirming receipt or understanding of information or an action.
• For Example - After submitting my documents, I received an acknowledgement from the university.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is "aspiring".

Key Points

• Ambitious: Possessing a strong desire and determination to succeed or achieve something significant.
• For Example - Despite growing up in a small town, she was ambitious, dreaming of becoming a world-renowned scientist one day.
• Aspiring: Having a strong desire or ambition to achieve something, typically in a career or vocation.
• For Example -  He is an aspiring musician, hoping to release his first album by the end of the year.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Additional Information Let's understand the meanings of the other given options:

• Casual: Informal or relaxed, often signifying an attitude of not taking things too seriously.
• Indifferent: Showing no interest, concern, or feeling towards something or someone.
• Disinterested: Unbiased and impartial, often due to lack of personal stake or interest.

The correct answer is "you should not make plans that depend on something good happening before you know that it has actually happened".

Key Points

• This idiom is a cautionary statement advising against acting on the assumption that something will happen or be successful, based purely on optimism or preliminary signs.
• It uses the example of estimating the number of chicks that will be born, assuming that all eggs laid by a chicken will hatch, which may not always be the case.
• For Example: Sam already planned a grand party in anticipation of his promotion, but I cautioned him, 'Don't count your chickens before they hatch.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is "French is being learnt by Ramesh this year."

Key Points

• In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action.
• The general structure of an active sentence is:
• Subject + Verb + Object.
• Ramesh (subject) is doing the action of learning (verb), and French (object) is the thing that is being acted upon.
• When changing the sentence to passive voice, the object and subject swap places, so the thing being acted upon becomes the subject of the sentence, and the actor becomes the object.
• Passively expressed, the original sentence should look like this:
• French (subject) is being learnt (verb) by Ramesh (object) this year.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "He said he had taken English lessons before."

Key Points

• In changing from direct speech to indirect or reported speech, usually, pronouns, verb tenses, and words that indicate the location in time or place may change.
• The pronoun "I" in direct speech has been appropriately changed to "he" in indirect speech, assuming the speaker (he) is the one reporting it.
• "had taken", which is in the past perfect tense, remains the same.
• This is because the past perfect tense is not usually backshifted to another tense in reported speech.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "board".

Key Points

• The correct word that fits into the sentence is "board"
• This word, particularly in the context of a "cutting board", is a noun.
• It refers to a hard surface on which one can cut vegetables, fruits, or other food items.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Complete Sentence: He chopped the onions on the cutting board.

The correct answer is "Volunteer".

Key Points

• A volunteer is exactly the person who provides services without asking for compensation.
• The word volunteer describes a person who willingly offers to take part in an enterprise or undertake a task, often without pay.
• For Example - Sarah is a dedicated volunteer at the local animal shelter, giving her time freely to care for abandoned pets.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "merciless".

Key Points Let's understand the meanings of the given and the marked options:

• Callous: This word describes a person who is insensitive or indifferent to the emotions or suffering of others.
• For Example - "His callous remarks about the homeless situation showed a complete lack of empathy for those less fortunate."
• Merciless: This term is used to describe someone who shows no mercy or pity. It often refers to actions or behaviors that are harsh, severe, or cruel without consideration for others.
• For Example - "The dictator ruled with a merciless hand, showing no compassion for his suffering subjects."

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Additional Information Let's understand the meanings of the other given options:

• Sensitive: It refers to a state of being easily affected, influenced, or harmed, particularly in a physical or emotional sense.
• Warm: It refers to a moderate or high degree of heat. In an emotional context, it describes a person who is friendly, generous, or sympathetically inclined.
• Sympathetic: It describes a person who shows approval, agreement, or compassion towards others, often showing a favorable attitude or shared feelings.

The correct answer is "be".

Key Points

• In the context of this sentence, "be" is not needed.
• The phrase "stop be playing" is grammatically incorrect.
• The correct structure is "stop + verb-ing"; because the primary verb of "stop" is followed by a gerund (-ing form of a verb).
• So it should be "stop playing."

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "got'.

Key Points

• "got" needs to be changed to "get" to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• The structure in English when using "would rather" is typically: subject + would rather + base form of the verb.
• The base form of the verb is the infinitive without "to", also known as the bare infinitive.
• Hence, it should be "get" not "got".

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".