CISF Constable (Fireman) 26 Sept 2023 Shift 2 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

Statement :

Some ants are parrots.

All parrots are cows.

The Venn diagram as per the given statements:

Conclusions :

I. All cows are parrots. → False (Because all parrots are cows, which means all cows are parrots is not definitely true but it can be possible)

II. Some ants are cows. → True (Because some ants are parrots and all parrots are cows, which means some ants are cows is definitely true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion II follows".

The correct order of words as they would appear in the English dictionary is:

3. Bromine
4. Bronze
5. Brothel
6. Brother

The correct order is '3 4 2 1'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Checking the given options:

1. Oraon → A tribe of Jharkhand. (North India) 2. Santhal → A tribe of Odisha. (North India) 3. Irulas → A tribe of Tamil Nadu. (South India) 4. Munda → A tribe of Madhya Pradesh. (North India)

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The embedded part of this image is

:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Logic: First no. = [Second no. × Third no.]

Given:

132, 11, 12 →

​⇒ (11 × 12) = 132

Checking the given options:

(1) 90, 9, 10 →

​⇒ (9 × 10) = 90

(2) 135, 11, 12 →

​⇒ (11 × 12) = 132

(3) 144, 12, 13 →

​⇒ (12 × 13) = 156

(4) 121, 11, 12 →

​⇒ (11 × 12) = 132

Here, '90, 9, 10' is similar to the given set.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

​⇒ 12 Y 14 W 18 X 32 Z 4 = ?

As per the given information:

After putting the sign as per the table:

​⇒ 12 × 14 + 18 - 32 ÷ 4

Apply Bodmas rule:

​⇒ 12 × 14 + 18 - 8

​⇒ 168 + 18 - 8

​⇒ 186 - 8 = 178

​⇒ '12 × 14 + 18 - 32 ÷ 4 = 178'

Here, the value of the equation is '178'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Logic: First no. = [Second no. + Third no.]

Given:

75, 35, 40 →

​⇒ [35 + 40] = 75

Checking the given options:

(1) 35, 5, 30 →

​⇒ (5 + 30) = 35

(2) 25, 5, 25 →

​⇒ (5 + 25) = 30

(3) 35, 5, 40 →

​⇒ (5 + 40) = 45

(4) 20, 5, 16 →

​⇒ (5 + 16) = 21

Here, '35, 5, 30' is similar to the given set.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Checking the given options:

1. Arunachal Pradesh → International boundaries with Bhutan, China and Myanmar.

2. Haryana → No international boundary.

3. Uttar Pradesh → International boundary with Nepal. 4. Jammu and Kashmir → International boundaries with Pakistan, China and Afghanistan.

Here, 'Haryana' is different from the others.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Preparing the family tree diagram by using the following symbols:

As per the given information:

The person is the paternal grandfather of Aadarsh.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Given:

121, 101, 112, 92, 103, ? ?

The logic followed in the given series is:

Here, the missing terms are '83' and '94'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The sitting arrangement as per the given information:

1. Hema is second from the right.

2.  Firoz is sitting next to Saroj and Firoz is to the right of Saroj and Jeremy, Jeremy is sitting at the left end of the bench.

3. Elena sitting at the right end of the bench.

Here, Firoj is sitting between Saroj and Hema.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Checking the given options:

1. Dispur → Dispur is the capital of Assam. 2. Patna → Patna is the capital of Bihar.

3. Indore → Indore is a city in Madhya Pradesh.

4. Lucknow → Lucknow is the capital of Uttar Pradesh.

Here, 'Indore' is different from the rest.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Logic: The letters are rearranged.

Given:

SUNRISE is written as ESIRNUS →

Similarly, 'SUNSHINE' will be written as:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Given:

Uttar Pradesh: Ganga → The Ganga river flows through Uttar Pradesh.

Similarly,

Madhya Pradesh : Narmada → The Narmada River flows through Madhya Pradesh.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The logic followed in the given figure series is:

From Figure (1) to (2):

The pentagon (5 sides) rotates 90 degrees clockwise and comes inside a square (4 sides).

From Figure (2) to (3):

The rhombus (4 sides) rotates 90 degrees clockwise and comes inside a triangle (3sides).

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Logic: Letters are rearranged.

Given:

MARIGOLD is written as AMIROGDL →

Similarly, 'PRODUCER' will be written as:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The correct order of words as they would appear in the English dictionary is:

2. Headache
3. Hegemony
4. Honesty
5. Honour

The correct order is '2 3 4 1'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Given:

Beriberi: Vitamin B → Beriberi is a disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B.

Similarly,

Infertility : Vitamin E → Infertility is a disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The embedded part of this image is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

​⇒ 10 ÷ 20 - 5 + 5 × 6 = ?

As per the given information:

After putting the sign as per the table:

​⇒ 10 × 20 ÷ 5 - 5 + 6

Apply Bodmas rule:

​⇒ 10 × 4 - 5 + 6

​⇒ 40 - 5 + 6

​⇒ 35 + 6 = 41

​⇒ '10 × 20 ÷ 5 - 5 + 6 = 41'

Here, the value of the equation is '41'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The correct order of words as they would appear in the English dictionary is:

3. Gladiator
4. Glamour
5. Glance
6. Gland

The correct order is '3 1 4 2'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Here, we use the table given below:

​

Given:

P R Q S R T S ? ?

The logic followed in the given series is:

The missing terms are 'U' and 'T'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Logic: 'Both the numbers are perfect square'.

Given:

144 : 169 → (12)² : (13)²

Checking the given options:

(1) 216 : 343 → (6)³ : (7)³

(2) 216 : 49 → (6)³ : (7)²

(3) 25 : 49 → (5)² : (7)²

(4) 8 : 49 → (2)³ : (7)²

Here, '25 : 49' is similar to the given set of numbers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

​⇒ 20 ÷ 10 - 5 + 10 × 5 = ?

As per the given information:

After putting the sign as per the table:

​⇒ 20 × 10 ÷ 5 - 10 + 5

Apply Bodmas rule:

​⇒ 20 × 2 - 10 + 5

​⇒ 40 - 10 + 5

​⇒ 30 + 5 = 35

​⇒ '20 × 10 ÷ 5 - 10 + 5 = 35'

Here, the value of the equation is '35'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The correct answer is United Kingdom.

Key Points

• Ajeya Warrior 2023:-
• It is a bilateral military exercise between India and the United Kingdom.
• It is the seventh edition of the exercise, which is held alternately in India and the UK.
• The 2023 edition of the exercise was held at Salisbury Plain, UK from 27 April to 11 May 2023.
• The exercise involved soldiers from the 2 Royal Gorkha Rifles of the British Army and the Bihar Regiment of the Indian Army.
• The Indian Army contingent arrived in the UK on 26 April 2023 by an Indian Air Force C-17 aircraft with indigenous weapons and equipment.
• The aim of the exercise was to enhance interoperability between the two armies and to promote the ability to operate together while undertaking company-level subconventional operations in urban and semi-rural environments under a UN mandate.
• The scope of the exercise included a command post exercise at the battalion level and a company-level training exercise.

Additional Information

• Some Military Exercises of India:

The correct answer is Praveen Sood.

Key Points

• Praveen Sood:-
• He is an IPS officer of the 1986 batch (Karnataka cadre).
• He took over as CBI Director on May 26, 2023.
• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI):-
• The CBI is India's premier investigating agency.
• It is responsible for investigating serious crimes, including corruption, economic offenses, and terrorism.
• The CBI is also India's nodal agency for international police cooperation.
• The CBI Director is appointed by a high-profile committee constituted under the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946.
• The committee includes the Prime Minister of India, the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and the Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court judge nominated by the Chief Justice.

Additional Information

• Ravi Sinha:-
• Senior IPS officer Ravi Sinha was on June 19 appointed as the new chief of India's external intelligence agency RAW.
• He is a 1988 batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the Chhattisgarh cadre.
• He is currently serving as Special Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat.
• Rishi Kumar Shukla
• He is the former director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
• He is also a former DGP of Madhya Pradesh
• He is an officer of 1983 cadre of the IPS.

The correct answer is Year 1942.

Key Points

• Indian National Army:-
• INA was formed in Singapore by Mohan Singh in 1942.
• It was formed by Indian soldiers in the British Army who were captured by the Japanese Army during the Malayan campaign and at Singapore.
• It however was disbanded due to differences between Singh and the Japanese over the intended size and the specific role of the INA.
• In 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose led the organization.
• It fought alongside the Japanese Army in Burma(Myanmmar), Imphal and Kohima.
• Many of them were captured by the British Army and were put on trial. This is called as the famous Red Fort Trials of 1945.
• The trial inspired the Royal Indian Navy mutiny of 1946.
• 'Ittehad, Itmad aur Qurbani'(Unity, Faith and Sacrifice in Urdu) was its motto.

The correct answer is Arabic.

Key Points

• Rihla:-
• The Rihla, also known as A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Traveling.
• It is a travelogue written by Ibn Battuta, a Berber Muslim scholar and traveler from Morocco.
• It chronicles his journey of 73,000 miles (117,000 km) over 29 years, visiting more than 75 countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe.
• The Rihla is a valuable source of information on the medieval world and is considered to be one of the greatest travelogues ever written.
• It is also a work of great literary merit and is full of vivid descriptions of people, places, and events.
• The Rihla was originally written in Arabic in the 14^th century and has since been translated into many other languages.
• However, the original Arabic text is still the most authoritative and widely read version of the work.

Additional Information

• Arabic language:-
• Arabic is a Central Semitic language spoken by over 422 million people across the globe.
• It is the fifth most spoken language in the world.
• It is the official language of 22 countries.
• Turkish:-
• The official language of Turkey is Turkish.
• It is spoken by over 80 million people worldwide, making it the most widely spoken Turkic language.
• Persian:-
• It Is also known as Farsi.
• It is a Western Iranian language spoken by over 130 million people worldwide.
• It is the official language of Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, etc.

The correct answer is Uttarakhand.

Key Points

• Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve:-
• The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is situated in the Chamoli Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India.
• It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most biodiverse regions in the Himalayas.
• It is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including many endangered species, such as the snow leopard, Asiatic black bear, and Himalayan tahr.
• The reserve also includes two national parks: Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers National Park.
• Nanda Devi National Park is known for its high-altitude peaks, glaciers, and alpine meadows.
• Valley of Flowers National Park is known for its meadows of wildflowers and cascading waterfalls.
• The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is an important source of water and other resources for the local communities.

Additional Information

• There are 18 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in India:
• Achanakmar-Amarkantak (Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh)
• Agasthyamala (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu)
• Cold Desert (Himachal Pradesh)
• Dehang-Debang (Arunachal Pradesh)
• Dibru-Saikhowa (Assam)
• Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu)
• Great Nicobar Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Kachchh (Gujarat)
• Khangchendzonga (Sikkim)
• Manas (Assam)
• Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand)
• Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu, Kerala)
• Nokrek (Meghalaya)
• Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh)
• Panna (Madhya Pradesh)
• Seshachalam (Andhra Pradesh)
• Similipal (Odisha)
• Sunderbans (West Bengal)

The correct answer is India has no national language.

Key Points 

• India has no national language. However, it has 22 official languages.
• As per Article 343, Hindi is the language used by the Central Government when communicating with the states of the Hindi Belt.
• English is the Associate official language and the language to be used while communicating with the states.
• Schedule EIGHT describes the Official Language.
• Originally Schedule eight had 14 languages but now it has 22 official languages.
• The last 4 languages added were Bodo, Dogri, Santhali, Maithili.

Additional Information 

• The last four languages are added in Schedule 8 in 92^nd Amendment Act, 2003.
• English is not mentioned in Schedule Eight.
• The Sindhi language was added in 1967 i.e. 21^st Amendment Act.
• 1^st Amendment Act came in 1951.

The correct answer is 1931 AD.

Key Points

• Caste based census:-
• The caste census is not done even once in independent India.
• The last time population figures were collected on the basis of caste was in the year 1931 during British rule.
• After this, the population figures on the basis of caste have never been released. Although the first census was done in 1881 and after that census was done every 10 years, after 1931 the census data on the basis of caste did not come out.
• After 1931, a caste-based census was conducted in 1941, but its figures were not made public. After this India became independent and then in 1951 the first census of independent India was conducted.

Additional Information

• Hutton referred to the untouchable castes as outcasts in the 1931 census.
• The Hutton Committee surveyed the castes of the country and placed 68 castes in the category of untouchables. Based on this report, the British government gave special status to 68 castes under the Government of India Act in the year 1935. These castes are called Special Cast i.e. SC.
• Untouchable castes are castes that suffer from various social and political disabilities, many of these disabilities are traditionally prescribed and socially enforced by the upper castes.
• Hutton has given details about certain disabilities for the determination of untouchable castes. According to them, those people are untouchables who are unfit to receive the services of brahmins of higher status.

The correct answer is D. Gukesh.

Key Points

• Dommaraju Gukesh:-
• He is the youngest player to defeat World Chess Champion Magnus Carlsen.
• He was 16 years, 4 months, and 20 days old when he defeated Carlsen in the ninth round of the Aimchess Rapid online tournament on August 8, 2022.
• Gukesh is an Indian chess prodigy who became a grandmaster at the age of 12 years and 7 months.
• He is currently ranked 27^th in the world by FIDE, the International Chess Federation.
• Magnus Carlsen:-
• He is a Norwegian chess grandmaster.
• He is a five-time World Chess Champion, the reigning four-time World Rapid Chess Champion, the reigning six-time World Blitz Chess Champion, and the reigning Chess World Cup Champion.
• He has held the No. 1 position in the FIDE world chess rankings since 1 July 2011 and trails only Garry Kasparov in time spent as the highest-rated player in the world. His peak rating of 2882 is the highest in history. He also holds the record for the longest unbeaten streak at the elite level in classical chess.

Additional Information

• Arjun Erigaisi:-
• He is an Indian chess grandmaster.
• He is a chess prodigy who became an international master at the age of 13, the youngest at the time to do so, and a grandmaster at the age of 16.
• On August 6, 2023, at the age of 20, he defeated then-world champion Magnus Carlsen in a rapid game at the Airthings Masters Rapid Chess Tournament.
• R. Praggnanandhaa:-
• He is an Indian chess grandmaster.
• He is a chess prodigy who became an international master at the age of 10, the youngest at the time to do so, and a grandmaster at the age of 12, the second-youngest at the time to do so.
• On February 22, 2022, at the age of 16, he became the youngest player to defeat then-world champion Magnus Carlsen, when he beat Carlsen in a rapid game at the Airthings Masters Rapid Chess Tournament.
• Vipul Praneeth:-
• He is an Indian chess grandmaster.
• He is the youngest Indian to win the World Junior Chess Championship, which he did in 2023 at the age of 16 years, 11 months, and 28 days.
• He is also the first Indian to win the World Junior Chess Championship since Abhijeet Gupta in 2008.

The correct answer is Laminaria.

Key Points

• Laminaria:-
• Laminaria is a type of macroalgae, meaning that it is a large, multicellular organism that can be seen with the naked eye.
• It is a member of the brown algae, which are characterized by their brown color, thick cell walls, and presence of chlorophyll a and c.
• Laminaria is a good source of iodine, iron, and potassium.
• It is also a source of alginates, which are used as thickening and stabilizing agents in foodstuffs and other products.

Additional Information

• Chlorella:-
• It is a type of single-celled green algae that is native to fresh water.
• It is a nutrient-dense food that is high in protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
• Chlorella is also a good source of dietary fiber and chlorophyll.
• Bacillus algae:-
• It is used to describe a group of Bacillus bacteria that have been shown to have anti-algal activity.
• This means that they can produce substances that can kill or inhibit the growth of algae.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• Vishu:-
• It is a Hindu festival celebrated in Kerala, India, on the first day of the Malayalam month Medam.
• It usually falls in mid-April.
• It is the New Year for Malayali Hindus and is also a harvest festival.
• Vishu falls on the first day of the Malayalam calendar month of Medam. Vishu celebrations are believed to have begun in Kerala during the reign of Sthanu Ravi who ruled the region between AD 844 and 855.
• In parts of Northern Kerala, it is

customary for two boys to dress up in dried banana leaves representing Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvathi during the festival.

• These characters visit ancestral houses and bless the families as divine beings.
• The festival of Vishu is symbolic of prosperity and is hence complemented by rituals to invite good fortune and material and spiritual abundance.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Atmiya Sabha.

Key Points

• Atmiya Sabha:-
• It was established by Raja Rammohan Roy in 1815 AD by Raja Rammohan Roy.
• It was a religious and social reform movement that promoted monotheism and opposed idolatry, casteism, and other social evils.
• The Atmiya Sabha was short-lived, but it laid the foundation for the Brahmo Samaj, which Roy founded in 1828.
• The Atmiya Sabha was not a formal organization, but it did have a significant impact on Indian society.
• It helped to spread the ideas of monotheism and social reform, and it also inspired other reform movements.
• The Atmiya Sabha is considered to be one of the most important institutions in the history of modern India.

Additional Information

• Vedanta College (founded 1825):
• This college was established by the social reformer Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1825.
• It aimed to offer courses in both Indian learning and Western sciences.
• This college is not operational anymore.
• Brahmo Samaj:-
• It is a Hindu reform movement that was founded in Calcutta, India, in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
• The movement rejected idolatry and caste discrimination, and it advocated for the equality of women.

The correct answer is Jahanvi Dangeti.

Key Points

• Jahnavi Dangeti:-
• She is the first Indian woman to complete NASA's International Air and Space Program (IASP).
• She completed the program in January 2022 at the Kennedy Space Center in Alabama, US.
• The IASP is a two-week intensive program that provides students with the opportunity to learn about space exploration and aviation from NASA experts.
• The program includes lectures, hands-on activities, and simulated missions.
• Dangeti is a second-year engineering student from Andhra Pradesh, India.
• She is passionate about space exploration and has been involved in several space-related projects and organizations.
• She is also a member of the International Organization of Aspiring Astronauts (IOAA).
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration:-
• NASA is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civilian space program, aeronautics research, and space science.
• NASA was established in 1958, succeeding the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).

Additional Information

• Antim Panghal:-
• She is a 19-year-old Indian freestyle wrestler who competes in the 53 kg weight class.
• She is the first Indian female wrestler to win a medal at the World Wrestling Championships, having won bronze in 2023.
• She also qualified for the 2024 Paris Olympics with this win.
• Avni Chaturvedi:-
• She is a 29-year-old Indian Air Force pilot who is the first woman fighter pilot in India.
• She was commissioned into the IAF in 2016 and flies the Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jet.
• Manisha Kalyan:-
• She is a 21-year-old Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Cypriot First Division club Apollon Ladies and the India women's national team.
• She is the first Indian footballer to play in the UEFA Women's Champions League.

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• Nagi Nakti Bird Sanctuary:-
• It is also known as Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary, is a 200-hectare wetland located in the Jamui district of Bihar, India.
• It was declared a bird sanctuary in 1984 and is also designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by Bird Life International.
• The sanctuary is home to a variety of bird species, including both resident and migratory birds.
• Some of the most common resident birds include the Indian peafowl, common kingfisher, and Indian grey hornbill.
• Migratory birds that visit the sanctuary during the winter season include the bar-headed goose, greylag goose, northern pintail, red-crested pochard, and steppe eagle.

Additional Information

• Names of bird sanctuaries in India:-
• Atapaka Bird Sanctuary - Andhra Pradesh
• Attiveri Bird Sanctuary - Karnataka
• Bankapura - Karnataka
• Bankapura Peacock Sanctuary - Karnataka
• Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary (Keoladeo National Park) - Rajasthan
• Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary - Haryana
• Bonal Bird Sanctuary - Karnataka
• Chambal River Sanctuary - Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh
• Chilika Lake Bird Sanctuary - Odisha
• Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary - Jharkhand
• Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary - Assam
• Gaga Wildlife Sanctuary - Gujarat
• Gudavi Bird Sanctuary - Karnataka
• Harike Wetland - Punjab
• Hirakud Reservoir Wildlife Sanctuary - Odisha
• Hokersar Wildlife Sanctuary - Jammu and Kashmir
• Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary - Kerala
• Kaggaladu Bird Sanctuary - Karnataka
• Kanjli Wetland - Punjab
• Karnala Bird Sanctuary - Maharashtra
• Keibul Lamjao National Park - Manipur
• Koothankulam Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
• Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary - Kerala
• Kutch Bustard Sanctuary - Gujarat
• Magadi Bird Sanctuary - Karnataka
• Mandagadde Bird Sanctuary - Karnataka
• Mawphlang Sacred Forest - Meghalaya
• Mayani Bird Sanctuary - Maharashtra
• Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary - Gujarat
• National Chambal Sanctuary - Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh
• Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary - Uttar Pradesh
• Ousteri Lake Bird Sanctuary - Puducherry
• Pakhal Lake Bird Sanctuary - Telangana
• Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary - Arunachal Pradesh
• Pathiramanal - Kerala
• Pench National Park - Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra
• Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
• Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary - Assam
• Porbandar Bird Sanctuary - Gujarat
• Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
• Puttenahalli Lake - Karnataka
• Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary - Karnataka
• Sambhar Salt Lake - Rajasthan
• Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary - Goa
• Sri Penusila Narasimha Wildlife Sanctuary - Andhra Pradesh
• Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary - Haryana
• Surinsar-Mansar Lakes - Jammu and Kashmir
• Thol Lake - Gujarat
• Thattekad Bird Sanctuary - Kerala
• Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary - Tripura
• Uppalapadu Bird Sanctuary - Andhra Pradesh
• Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu

The correct answer is 14.

Key Points

• 8^th schedule:-
• It lists the official languages of the Republic of India.
• Part XVII of the Indian constitution deals with the official languages in Articles 343 to 351. ​
• The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution consists of the following 22 languages: Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili, and Dogri.
• Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution.
• The Sindhi language was added in 1967.
• Thereafter three more languages viz., Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were included in 1992.
• Subsequently, Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali were added in 2004.
• Presently, 22 languages are listed in 8^th Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

Additional Information

• Schedules of Indian Constitution:
• The first schedule contains the list of states and union territories and their territories
• The second schedule contains provisions of the President, Governors of States, Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, etc.
• The third Schedule contains the Forms of Oaths or Affirmations.
• The fourth Schedule contains provisions as to the allocation of seats in the Council of States.
• The fifth Schedule contains provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
• The sixth Schedule contains provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
• The seventh Schedule contains the Union list, State list and the concurrent list.
• The eighth Schedule contains the list of recognized languages.
• Ninth Schedule contains provisions as to validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
• The tenth Schedule contains provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection.
• The eleventh Schedule contains the powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
• The twelfth Schedule contains the powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities.

The correct answer is 13^th.

Key Points

• Women's World Boxing Championship 2023:-
• The 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships will be the 13^th edition of the tournament, and will be held in New Delhi, India from 15-30 November 2023.
• The tournament will be contested by over 300 boxers from over 100 countries.
• The Women's World Boxing Championships is the most prestigious event in women's boxing, and is held every two years.
• The tournament is organized by the International Boxing Association (IBA), and is the highest level of competition for women's boxers.
• The 2023 Women's World Boxing Championships will be held at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium in New Delhi.
• The stadium has a capacity of over 13,000, and is one of the largest indoor stadiums in India.
• The tournament will be contested in 12 weight categories, from flyweight (51 kg) to heavyweight (81+ kg).
• The boxers will compete in a single-elimination tournament, with the winners of each match advancing to the next round. The winners of the final matches in each weight category will be crowned world champions.

The correct answer is Ajnaana Sampradaya

Key Points

• Ajnaana Sampradaya:-
• It is a Hindu religious sect that considers ignorance to be the path to moksha (liberation).
• According to this sect, neither knowledge nor devotion are necessary for liberation from ignorance. In fact, knowledge and devotion can further promote ignorance.
• According to Ajnaana Sampradaya, ignorance is reality.
• Everything that is visible in the world is just an illusion. Knowledge and devotion make this illusion stronger.
• The followers of Ajnaana Sampradaya use various means to achieve ignorance.
• These means include renouncing wisdom, staying away from knowledge and devotion, and being indifferent to maya (illusion).

Additional Information

• Pancharatra Sect:-
• It is a Vaishnava Hindu tradition that worships the god Vishnu as Narayana.
• The name Pancharatra means "five nights", and refers to a series of five dialogues between Vishnu and his consort Lakshmi, in which Vishnu reveals the secrets of his worship.
• Ajivika Sect:-
• It was an ancient Indian religious and philosophical tradition that flourished from the 6^th to the 3^rd centuries BCE.
• It was founded by Makkhali Gosala, a contemporary of the Buddha and Mahavira.
• The Ajivikas were known for their fatalistic beliefs and their emphasis on determinism.
• Islam:-
• It is a monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah), and that Muhammad is a messenger of God.
• It is the world's second-largest religion with over 1.9 billion followers or 24.9% of the world's population, known as Muslims.
• Muslims make up a majority of the population in 50 countries.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh

Key Points

• Legal Aid Defense Consultancy System:-
• LADCS has been implemented by the government of Uttar Pradesh in the year 2023 to provide free legal aid to the needy.
• The system aims to strengthen court-based legal services and provide effective and competent legal assistance to the weak and vulnerable sections of society.
• Under LADCS, a pool of qualified and experienced lawyers has been appointed as Legal Aid Defense Counsel (LADCs) to represent indigent accused persons in criminal cases.
• The LADCs are paid a fixed fee by the government for each case they handle.
• LADCS is a significant step towards ensuring the right to legal aid for all, regardless of their financial means.
• It is also a welcome move towards reducing the backlog of cases in the courts.

The correct answer is In fighting cervical cancer.

Key Points

• Cervavac vaccine:-
• Cervavac is a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine used for the prevention of cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, and anal cancer caused by HPV types 16 and 18.
• Cervavac is the first indigenously developed HPV vaccine in India, and it is manufactured by the Pune-based Serum Institute of India (SII).
• It is currently approved for use in India in girls and women aged 9 to 26 years.
• Cervavac is a highly effective vaccine, and it has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated in clinical trials.
• It is administered as a two-dose series, with the second dose given 6 months after the first dose.
• Cervavac is an important tool for the prevention of cervical cancer, which is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide.
• Cervical cancer is largely preventable, and vaccination against HPV is one of the most effective ways to prevent the disease.

The correct answer is 77^th.

Key Points

• Rule of Law Index 2022:-
• The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index 2022 measures how the rule of law is experienced and perceived in 140 countries and jurisdictions worldwide.
• The Index is based on a rigorous survey process of more than 154,000 households and 3,600 legal practitioners and other experts.
• *The Index ranks countries and jurisdictions across eight factors that are essential to the rule of law:*
• The 2022 Index shows that adherence to the rule of law fell in 61% of countries over the past year.
• These declines are less widespread and extreme than last year's, when COVID shutdowns dramatically disrupted justice systems and curtailed civic liberties.
• The top 10 countries in the 2022 Rule of Law Index are:-
• Denmark
• Finland
• Norway
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• Netherlands
• New Zealand
• Austria
• Canada
• Germany
• India ranked 77^th out of 140 countries in the 2022 Rule of Law Index, with a score of 0.50.
• This means that India's rule of law performance is below average.

The correct answer is 1982.

Key Points

• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development:-
• NABARD is a development bank concentrating principally on the rural sector of the country.
• It is the apex banking institution to provide finance for Agriculture and rural development.
• Its headquarters is located in Mumbai.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) at the demand of the Government of India, constituted a Committee to Review the Arrangements For Institutional Credit for Agriculture and Rural Development (CRAFICARD) in 1979, under the Chairmanship of Shri B. Sivaraman, a former member of Planning Commission.
• In the year 1982, CRAFICARD recommended the establishment of a developmental bank, and accordingly, NABARD was set up.

The correct answer is 

Key Points

• Citizenship:-
• India's Constitution makers were heavily influenced by the British parliamentary system and legal traditions.
• The concept of single citizenship means that every citizen of India is a citizen of the country only and not of any particular state or region within India.
• This is in contrast to countries like the United States where citizens have both national and state citizenship.
• Canada has a similar system of single citizenship as India, with citizens being only Canadian and not belonging to any province or territory.
• The United States has a system of dual citizenship, where citizens are both American and citizens of their respective state.
• Australia also has a system of single citizenship, with citizens being only Australian and not belonging to any state or territory.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Token currency

Key Points

• Token currency:-
• It is a form of money that has a lesser intrinsic value compared to its face value.
• It is accepted as money because of custom or legal enactment, not because of its intrinsic value.
• Token money costs less to produce than its face value.
• Examples of token money include:-
• Paper currency
• Coins
• Credit cards
• Debit cards
• Digital currencies, such as Bitcoin
• Token money is the most common form of money in use today. It is convenient and easy to use, and it is widely accepted by merchants and consumers.
• Some of the advantages of token money:
• It is convenient and easy to use.
• It is widely accepted by merchants and consumers.
• It is relatively inexpensive to produce.
• It can be used to make large transactions.
• It is relatively durable and can be used many times.
• Token money also has some disadvantages:-
• It is not backed by any physical commodity, such as gold or silver.
• It is susceptible to inflation, which means that its value can decrease over time.
• It can be counterfeited.
• It can be lost or stolen.

Additional Information

• Hot currency:-
• It is money that is moved quickly between countries or financial markets to take advantage of short-term interest rate differentials or anticipated exchange rate shifts.
• Fiat currency:-
• It is a government-issued currency that is not backed by a physical commodity, such as gold or silver.
• Instead, its value is derived from the public's trust in the issuing government and its ability to repay its debts.
• Standard currency:-
• It is a currency that is widely accepted and used as a medium of exchange in a particular country or region.
• It is usually the official currency of a government, but it can also be a foreign currency that is widely used in a country.

The correct answer is Dantwala Committee.

Key Points

• Dantwala Committee:- 
• The Dantwala Committee was a committee appointed by the Government of India in 1977 to suggest the institutional and conceptual framework for block planning.
• It was headed by Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala, a renowned economist. The committee submitted its report in 1978.
• The Dantwala Committee is primarily related to block-level planning and rural credit.
• It recommended that block-level planning should be the cornerstone of rural development in India.
• It also recommended the establishment of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) to provide credit to the rural poor.
• The RRBs were established in 1975, but they gained prominence after the Dantwala Committee recommended that they should become an integral part of the rural credit structure.
• The RRBs are sponsored by commercial banks and have a strong focus on lending to rural areas.

Additional Information

• Kelkar Committee:-
• It was a committee set up by the Government of India in 2002 to study the tax system in India and make recommendations for reform.
• The committee was headed by Vijay Kelkar, a renowned economist.
• The committee submitted its report to the government in 2004.
• Narasimham Committee:-
• It was a committee set up by the Government of India in 1991 to reform the Indian banking system.
• The committee was headed by M. Narasimham, a former governor of the Reserve Bank of India.
• The committee submitted its report to the government on November 16, 1991.

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• Dewan Maniram Dutt:-
• He was an Assamese nobleman who was one of the first people to establish tea gardens in Assam.
• He was also a prominent leader of the local community and was deeply discontented with British rule.
• During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he played a key role in mobilizing local support for the rebellion in Assam.
• He was hanged by the British for his role in the rebellion.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Captain Shiva Chouhan.

Key Points

• Captain Shiva Chouhan:-
• She is the first woman officer to be deployed in Siachen, the world's highest battlefield.
• She was posted at the Siachen's Kumar post, located at a height of 15,600 feet in January 2023.
• She is a Bengal Sapper Officer commissioned in May 2021.
• Captain Chouhan's deployment is a historic milestone for the Indian military and for women in India.
• It shows that women are capable of serving in any role in the military, regardless of how challenging the conditions may be.
• Siachen Glacier:-
• It is located in the Karakoram Range, is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and second-longest in the world's non-polar areas.
• It is also the highest battlefield in the world, where India and Pakistan have fought intermittently since 1984.

Additional Information 

• Rani Rampal:
• She is an Indian field hockey player from Haryana.
• She was the youngest player in the national hockey team that participated in the 2010 World Cup.
• She was just 15 years old during the 2010 World Cup.
• She is the captain of the Indian Women's Hockey team currently and is considered one of the best female hockey players in the world.
• Colonel Geeta Rana:-
• She is the first woman officer to take over command of an independent field workshop in the Ladakh Sector.
• Avni Chaturvedi -
• She belongs from Rewa, Madhya Pradesh.
• She has the distinction of being a woman to fly the country's first fighter aircraft.

Shortcut Trick

Depreciation of 15% means the value becomes 85% or 0.85 of previous year.

Successive multiplying factor for 2 years = 0.85 × 0.85 = 0.7225

Value after 2 years = Present Value × (Multiplying Factor)

⇒ 150,000 × 0.7225 = 108,375

∴ The correct answer is Rs 108375.

Alternate Method

Given:

Present value (P) = Rs 1,50,000

Rate of depreciation (r) = 15% per annum

Time period (n) = 2 years

Formula Used:

Final Value = P × (1 − r/100)ⁿ

Present Rs 1,50,000 −15% (Yr 1)

Rs 1,27,500 −15% (Yr 2)

After 2 Yrs Rs 1,08,375

Calculations:

⇒ Value after 2 years = 150,000 × (1 − 15/100)²

⇒ Value after 2 years = 150,000 × (85/100) × (85/100)

⇒ Value after 2 years = 150,000 × (17/20) × (17/20)

⇒ Value after 2 years = 150,000 × (289/400)

⇒ Value after 2 years = 1,500 × 289 / 4

⇒ Value after 2 years = 375 × 289

⇒ Value after 2 years = 108,375

∴ The correct answer is Rs 108375.

Additional Information

Appreciation Formula

If the value increases at a rate r%, the value after n years is V = P × (1 + r/100)ⁿ.

Successive Percentage Change

Total change for two years can be calculated as [x + y + (xy/100)]%. For 15% depreciation, x = −15 and y = −15.

Effective Depreciation Rate

The net depreciation over 2 years is not 30%, but [−15 − 15 + (225/100)]% = −27.75%.

Shortcut Trick

Average age of 6 members = 70 years.

Average age of 5 members = 60.5 years (60 years 6 months).

Deviation for 5 members = 70 − 60.5 = 9.5 years per person.

Total deviation to be compensated by the 6^th member = 5 × 9.5 = 47.5 years.

Age of 6^th member = 70 + 47.5 = 117.5 years = 117 years 6 months.

∴ The correct answer is 117 years 6 months.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of members (n₁) = 6, Average (A₁) = 70 years.

Number of members (n₂) = 5, Average (A₂) = 60 years 6 months = 60.5 years.

Formula Used:

Sum of ages = Average × Number of members

Age of 6^th member = (Total sum of 6 members) − (Total sum of 5 members)

Calculations:

⇒ Total age of 6 members = 6 × 70 = 420 years

⇒ Total age of 5 members = 5 × 60.5 = 302.5 years

⇒ Age of 6^th member = 420 − 302.5 = 117.5 years

⇒ 117.5 years = 117 years + 0.5 years = 117 years 6 months

∴ The correct answer is 117 years 6 months.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

The combined average of two groups is given by (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Net Deviation Method

In any group, the sum of deviations of all observations from the average is always zero.

Age Calculations

When converting decimal years to months, multiply the decimal part by 12 (e.g., 0.5 years × 12 = 6 months).

Given:

Time taken by both pipes together = 25 min.

Efficiency of faster pipe = 4 × Efficiency of slower pipe

Calculation:

Let the slower pipe fill the tank in x minute

So, the faster pipe will fill the tank in (x/4) minute

The combined rate of filling the tank = 1/25 tank per minute

The slower and faster pipe's filling rate is 1/x and 1/(x/4) tank per minute.

⇒ 1/x + 4/x = 1/25

⇒ 5/x = 1/25

⇒ x = 125

Hence, the slower pipe alone can fill the tank in 125 minutes.

Given:

SP of camera A = 7200 and SP of camera B = 9500

Profit on camera A = 20% and Loss on camera B = 5%

Formula used:

SP = CP + Profit% of CP 

SP = CP - Loss% of CP

Profit % = (Profit/CP) × 100

Calculation:

Let the CP of camera A be x

⇒ 7200 = x + 0.20 x = 1.2x

⇒ x = 6000

Let the CP of camera B be y

⇒ 9500 = y - 0.05y = 0.95y

⇒ y = 10000

Total CP = 6000 + 10000 = 16000

Total SP = 7200 + 9500 = 16700

Total profit = 16700 - 16000 = 700

Profit % = (700/16000) × 100 = 4.38

Hence, the total profit is 4.38%.

Concept used:

Prime factorization method.

Calculations:

Using the Prime factorization method, numbers can be written as.

(1) 9604 = 2² × 7⁴  which is a perfect square.

(2) 15129 = 3² × 41²  which is a perfect square.

(3) 17956 = 2² × 67²  which is a perfect square.

(4) 7864 = 2² × 2 × 983  which is not a perfect square.

Hence, 7864 is not a perfect square.

Given:

Principal = 848

Rate = 16%

Time = 8 months

Concept Used:

I = PRT/100

I = Simple Interest, P = Principal amount,

R = Rate of Interest, T = Time

Calculation:

I = PRT/100 = (848 × 16 × 8)/(12 × 100)

I = 108544/1200 = 90.45

∴ The simple interest is Rs 90.45

Shortcut Trick

 According to the question, R = 5% = 1/20

 

Total Principal = (20 × 20) x = 400x

⇒ 6800 = 400x

⇒ x = 17

⇒ (21 × 21) x = 441x

⇒ I = A - P = 441x - 400x = 41x

⇒ I = 41 × 17 = 697

∴ The compound interest is 697.

Alternate Method Formula used:

A = P × (1 + R / 100)n

 A = Amount, P = Principal,

R = Rate of Interest, n = Year

Calculation:

A = 6800 × (1 + 5/100)²

⇒ A = 6800 × (105/100) × (105/100)

⇒ A = 7497

⇒ I = 7497 - 6800 = Rs 697

∴ The compound interest is 697.

Shortcut Trick

Since 38² = 1444, √14.44 = 3.8.

3.8 + √(9 + x²) = 8.8

√(9 + x²) = 8.8 − 3.8 = 5

Squaring: 9 + x² = 25 ⇒ x² = 16

x = 4

∴ The correct answer is 4.

Alternate Method

Given: √14.44 + √(9 + x²) = 8.8

Formula used: √a = b ⇒ a = b²

Calculation:

⇒ √(1444/100) + √(9 + x²) = 8.8

⇒ 3.8 + √(9 + x²) = 8.8

⇒ √(9 + x²) = 8.8 − 3.8

⇒ √(9 + x²) = 5

⇒ 9 + x² = 5²

⇒ 9 + x² = 25

⇒ x² = 25 − 9 = 16

⇒ x = √16

⇒ x = 4

∴ The correct answer is 4.

Additional Information

Square Root of Decimals

For a decimal number, the square root contains half the number of decimal places of the original number (e.g., √0.01 = 0.1).

Pythagorean Triplets

The equation 3² + x² = 5² represents a standard (3, 4, 5) right-angled triangle triplet where x = 4.

Perfect Squares

Knowing squares up to 40 helps in speed calculation. For instance, 38² = 1444 and 39² = 1521.

Given:

The marked Price of the laptop is Rs 39240.

Calculation:

Let the reduced price of the laptop be x.

⇒ x + 9% of x = 39240

⇒ x + 9x/100 = 39240

⇒ 109x = 39240 × 100

⇒ x = 36000

⇒ Amount reduced = 39240 - 36000 = 3240

∴The amount reduced by the shopkeeper is 3240.

Given:

The average of the given 5 numbers is 48.

Formula Used:

Average = Total Sum/No. of Terms

Calculation:

48 = Total Sum/5

Total Sum 1 = 5 × 48 = 240

If one number is removed, the average becomes 42.

42 = Total Sum/4 

Total Sum (2) = 4 × 42 = 168

The number drawn = 240 - 168 = 72

∴ The number drawn is 72.

Shortcut Trick

Make the alcohol ratio parts equal since only water is added to the mixture.

Initial Ratio = 5 : 4 = 35 : 28 and Final Ratio = 7 : 9 = 35 : 45

Increase in water parts = 45 − 28 = 17 units ⇒ 17 units = 4 liters.

Alcohol quantity = 35 units = 35 × (4/17) = 140/17 liters.

140 ÷ 17 ≈ 8.235 liters (closest option is 8.25 liters).

∴ The correct answer is 8.25 liters.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial ratio of alcohol and water = 5 : 4

Quantity of water added = 4 liters

Final ratio of alcohol and water = 7 : 9

Formula Used:

Ratio = Quantity of Component 1 ÷ Quantity of Component 2

Calculations:

⇒ Let the initial quantity of alcohol be 5x and water be 4x.

⇒ Quantity of water after adding 4 liters = (4x + 4) liters

⇒ The new ratio of alcohol to water becomes 7 : 9

⇒ 5x ÷ (4x + 4) = 7 ÷ 9

⇒ 9 × 5x = 7 × (4x + 4)

⇒ 45x = 28x + 28

⇒ 45x − 28x = 28

⇒ 17x = 28

⇒ x = 28/17

⇒ Initial quantity of alcohol = 5x = 5 × (28/17) = 140/17 liters

⇒ 140 ÷ 17 ≈ 8.235 liters

⇒ Approximating to the nearest given value, we get 8.25 liters.

∴ The correct answer is 8.25 liters.

Additional Information

Mixtures & Ratio Equalization

When only one component of a mixture is altered, the ratio parts of the un-altered component should be made equal in both initial and final ratios to easily track the unit value change.

Rule of Alligation

Alligation is used to find the ratio in which two ingredients must be mixed to produce a mixture of a desired proportion: (Quantity of Cheaper) / (Quantity of Dearer) = (Cost of Dearer − Mean Price) / (Mean Price − Cost of Cheaper).

Replacement Formula

If 'y' units are replaced from a total of 'x' units 'n' times, the remaining quantity of the initial pure component is given by: Final Quantity = Initial Quantity × [1 − (y / x)]ⁿ.

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Let the time for which Shravanthi runs be T hours

According to the question

⇒ (17)T - (5)T = 24

⇒ T = 2 hours

Actual distance = 2 × 5 = 10 km

∴ The actual distance covered by Shravanthi is 10 km.

Shortcut Trick

Given a ∶ b = 6 ∶ 3 = 2 ∶ 1 and b ∶ c = 5 ∶ 6.

To find a ∶ b ∶ c, we need to equate the common term 'b'.

Multiply the ratio a ∶ b by 5 to make the value of b equal to 5.

a ∶ b = (2 × 5) ∶ (1 × 5) = 10 ∶ 5

Combining this with b ∶ c = 5 ∶ 6, we directly get the continuous ratio.

∴ The correct answer is 10 ∶ 5 ∶ 6.

Alternate Method

Given:

a ∶ b = 6 ∶ 3

b ∶ c = 5 ∶ 6

a b c

6

3

3

5

5

6

30 15 18

÷ 3 → 10 ∶ 5 ∶ 6

Calculation:

⇒ First, write the given ratios in adjacent rows aligned correctly under a, b, and c.

⇒ Use the visual shift method: fill the empty spaces with the neighboring values in the same row.

⇒ For the first row, the empty space under 'c' is filled with the value of 'b', which is 3.

⇒ For the second row, the empty space under 'a' is filled with the value of 'b', which is 5.

⇒ Multiply the values vertically down each column.

⇒ a ∶ b ∶ c = (6 × 5) ∶ (3 × 5) ∶ (3 × 6)

⇒ a ∶ b ∶ c = 30 ∶ 15 ∶ 18

⇒ Simplify the combined ratio by dividing by the common factor 3.

⇒ a ∶ b ∶ c = 10 ∶ 5 ∶ 6

∴ The correct answer is 10 ∶ 5 ∶ 6.

Additional Information

Compound Ratio

For two or more ratios, if we multiply all the antecedent terms together and all the consequent terms together, we obtain the compound ratio. For example, the compound ratio of a ∶ b and c ∶ d is (a × c) ∶ (b × d).

Duplicate and Triplicate Ratios

The duplicate ratio of a ∶ b is a² ∶ b², and the triplicate ratio is a³ ∶ b³. These are widely used to scale dimensions in area and volume calculations.

Inverse Ratio

The inverse ratio of a ∶ b is b ∶ a. It can also be written in fraction form as (1/a) ∶ (1/b) after taking the reciprocal of the terms.

Shortcut Trick

The discount percentage is given as 25%.

If no discount is given, the extra amount paid equals the discount value.

25% of Marked Price = Rs 325.

Aman paid the Selling Price = 100% − 25% = 75%.

Using unitary method: If 25% → 325, then 75% → 325 × 3 = Rs 975.

∴ The correct answer is Rs 975.

Alternate Method

Given → Discount = 25%, Extra amount (Discount Value) = Rs 325. Formulas: Discount = MP − SP | Discount% = (Discount ÷ MP) × 100 | SP = MP × (100 − D%) ÷ 100

→ Let the Marked Price (MP) be x. → 25% of x = 325 → (25 ÷ 100) × x = 325 → x = 325 × 4 = Rs 1300. → Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount = 1300 − 325. → SP = Rs 975.

∴ The correct answer is Rs 975.

Additional Information

Marked Price & Discount

The Marked Price (MP) is the price printed on an item. The Discount is always calculated on the MP unless stated otherwise. SP = MP × (100 − d) ÷ 100.

Cost Price relation

If the profit is p%, the relation between CP and MP is: CP ÷ MP = (100 − d) ÷ (100 + p).

Given:

60% of a number is 20 less than four-fifths of that number

Calculation:

Let the required number be N

According to the question

⇒ N × 60% = (4/5)N - 20

⇒ (60/100)N = (4/5)N - 20

⇒ (4/5)N - (3/5)N = 20

⇒ N = 20 × 5 = 100

∴ The required number is 100.

Calculation:

⇒ \(\frac{6 \sqrt{2} × 7 \sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{4}}\)

⇒ \(\frac{6 \sqrt{2} × 7 \sqrt{2}}{{3}-{2}}\) = \(6 \sqrt{2} × 7 \sqrt{2}\)

⇒ 42 × 2 = 84

∴ The right answer is 84

Shortcut Trick

Remaining days for 420 students = 40 − 18 = 22 days.

New number of students = 420 + 200 = 620 students.

Using M₁ × D₁ = M₂ × D₂ for inverse proportion:

⇒ 420 × 22 = 620 × D₂

⇒ D₂ = 9240 ÷ 620 = 462 ÷ 31 = 14 ²⁸/₃₁ days.

∴ The correct answer is 14 ²⁸/₃₁ days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial number of students = 420

Initial ration duration = 40 days

Days elapsed before new students join = 18 days

Number of new students joined = 200

Formula Used:

Total Ration = Number of Students × Number of Days

M₁ × D₁ = M₂ × D₂

Calculations:

⇒ Total remaining days for the original 420 students = 40 − 18 = 22 days

⇒ Remaining ration in terms of student-days = 420 × 22

⇒ Total students after 18 days (M₂) = 420 + 200 = 620 students

⇒ Let the remaining ration last for D₂ days.

⇒ According to the rule of inverse proportion:

⇒ 620 × D₂ = 420 × 22

⇒ D₂ = (420 × 22) ÷ 620

⇒ D₂ = 9240 ÷ 620

⇒ D₂ = 462 ÷ 31

⇒ D₂ = 14 ²⁸/₃₁ days

∴ The correct answer is 14 ²⁸/₃₁ days.

Additional Information

Chain Rule / MDH Rule

For a given amount of work or provisions, Men × Days = Constant. Hence, M₁ × D₁ = M₂ × D₂.

Inverse Proportion

When the number of men increases, the days required to finish the work or consume provisions decreases proportionally.

Given:

Difference of C.I. and S.I. = Rs. 384

Time = 2 years

Principal = Rs. 15,000

Formula used:

Difference of C.I. and S.I. in 2 years = (r2/10000) × Principal

Calculation:

Difference of C.I. and S.I. in 2 years = (r2/10000) × Principal

⇒ 384 = (r2/10000) × 15,000

⇒ 3840 = 15 r2 

⇒ r² = 3840/15 = 256 

⇒ r = 16 % 

∴ The rate of interest per annum is 16 %

Given:

S.P. = 84200

Loss = 4200

Formula used:

Loss % = (Loss/cost price) × 100

Cost price = Selling price + loss

Calculation:

Loss % = \((\frac{4200}{84200+4200}) \times 100\)

⇒\((\frac{4200}{88400})\times 100\) = 4.75%

∴ The loss percentage is 4.75%

Given:

1 st nubmer = 45% more than 3 rd number

2 nd number = 60% more than 3 rd number

Calculation:

Let be the third number = N

Then 1^st = (N × 145/100)

⇒ (145N/100) = 29N/20

And 2^nd = (N × 160/100)

⇒ (160N/100) = 8N/5

Required ratio = (29N/20 : 8N/5) = 29/32

∴  The required ratio is 29 : 32.

Calculation:

Average salary of 10 employees and boss = Rs 15,000

Thus, their total salary = 15,000 × 11 = Rs 1,65,000

Now, average salary of 10 employees reduces by Rs 1000 

⇒ (15,000 - 1000) = Rs 14,000

Thus, their total salary = 14,000 × 10 = Rs 1,40,000

The salary of boss = (1,65,000 - 1,40,000)

⇒ 25,000

∴ The salary of boss is Rs 25,000

Shortcut Trick

Total increase in population = 6000 − 5500 = 500.

Assume all 5500 were males: Increase = 5% of 5500 = 275.

Assume all 5500 were females: Increase = 10% of 5500 = 550.

By Alligation on increase values: (550 − 500) : (500 − 275) = 50 : 225 = 2 : 9.

Number of men = (2 / 11) × 5500 = 1000.

∴ The correct answer is 1000.

Alternate Method

Given: Initial total population = 5500, Final population = 6000, Male increase = 5%, Female increase = 10%.

Formula Used: Total Increase = (Increase% of Males) + (Increase% of Females)

Let the number of males be x and females be (5500 − x).

⇒ 5% of x + 10% of (5500 − x) = 500

⇒ 0.05x + 0.10(5500 − x) = 500

⇒ 0.05x + 550 − 0.10x = 500

⇒ −0.05x = 500 − 550

⇒ −0.05x = −50

⇒ x = 50 / 0.05

⇒ x = 1000

∴ The correct answer is 1000.

Additional Information

Percentage Increase Formula

Percentage Increase = [(New Value − Original Value) / Original Value] × 100.

Alligation Method in Population

Ratio of two groups = (Higher % change − Average % change) : (Average % change − Lower % change).

Successive Percentage Change

If a value changes by a% and then by b%, the net change is [a + b + (ab/100)]%.

Shortcut Trick

Distance = [Product of Speeds ÷ Difference of Speeds] × [Total Time Difference ÷ 60]

Time difference = 25 min (late) + 15 min (early) = 40 minutes

Distance = [6 × 8 ÷ (8 − 6)] × [40 ÷ 60]

Distance = [48 ÷ 2] × [2 ÷ 3] = 24 × (2 ÷ 3) = 16 km

∴ The correct answer is 16 km.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed 1 (S₁) = 6 km/hr, Time 1 = T + 25/60 hr

Speed 2 (S₂) = 8 km/hr, Time 2 = T − 15/60 hr

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculations:

⇒ Let the Distance be D km.

⇒ Time difference = (D/6) − (D/8) = (25 + 15)/60

⇒ (4D − 3D)/24 = 40/60

⇒ D/24 = 2/3

⇒ D = (2/3) × 24

⇒ D = 16 km

∴ The correct answer is 16 km.

Additional Information

Speed-Time Inversely Proportional

When distance is constant, Speed is inversely proportional to Time (S₁/S₂ = T₂/T₁).

Average Speed

For the same distance covered at two different speeds x and y, Average Speed = 2xy/(x+y).

Relative Speed

In the same direction, relative speed = S₁ − S₂. In opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂.

Given:

Ratio of the boat in still water & speed of stream = 10 : 6 

Distance covered by downstream = 42 km

Distance covered by upstream  = 34 km

Total time taken = 6 hours

Concept used:

Downstream speed(DS) = Speed of the boat in still water(SW)  + Speed of the stream(V)

Upstream speed(US) = Speed of the boat in still water(SW)  -  Speed of the stream(V)

Formula used:

Time = Distance/ speed

(DS/ SW + V) + (US/ SW - V) = Total time

Calculation:

Let the speed of boat in still water and speed of stream be '10x'  & '6x' km/hrs respectively.

Downstream speed = 16x ( 10 + 6 )

Upstream speed = 4x ( 10 - 6 )

Now, according to the question

⇒ (42 /16x) + (34 /4x) = 6

⇒ (21 /8x) + (17 /2x) = 6 

⇒ 21 + 68 / 8x = 6 

⇒ 89  = 48x

⇒ x = 89/48

⇒ Downstream speed = 16x = 16 × 89/48 km/hrs

⇒ 29.66 km/hrs

∴ Downstream speed is 29.66 km/hrs

Given:

Total numbers of feet is 52 more than numbers of heads

Calculation:

Let ' x ' be the number of farmers and their number of feet will be ' 2x '

Total number of feet = 5 × 2 + 4 × 4 + 8 × 4 + 2x

⇒ 10 + 16 + 32 + 2x = 58 + 2x

Total number of heads = 5 × 1 + 4 × 1 + 8 × 1 + x 

⇒ 17 +x

According to the question

Number of feet - Number of heads = 52

⇒ (58 + 2x) - (17 + x)  = 52

⇒ 58 + 2x - 17 - x = 52 

⇒ 41 + x = 52

⇒ x = 11 

∴ Number of farmers are 11

The correct answer is "There".

Key Points

• In the context of the sentence, the word that should have been used is 'their', not 'there'.
• 'Their' is a possessive pronoun and it is used before a noun to show something belongs to or is connected to someone or something.
• So, in this context, 'their' is to indicate that the genetic variations belong to the species.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Correct Sentence: Biodiversity is commonly defined as the variety of life on Earth in all its forms, including the diversity of species, their genetic variations, and the interaction of these lifeforms.

The correct answer is "The statue has been brought by them from Mumbai."

Key Points

• When transforming sentences from active to passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence, and vice versa.
• The verb, meanwhile, should be in a form of 'to be' combined with the past participle of the main verb.
• In detail:
• The object "the statue" became the subject.
• "have brought", the present perfect simple tense, changed to "has been brought", which is the present perfect simple in passive form.
• "They" moved to the end of the sentence, indicating who performed the action.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "quickly".

Key Points

Let's understand the meanings of the given and the correct answer:

• Rapidly: With great speed or in a short time.
• For Example - The wildfire spreads rapidly due to the strong wind.
• Quickly: At a fast speed; promptly.
• For Example - She quickly finished her homework so she could watch her favorite show.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Additional Information Let's understand the meanings of the other given options:

• Sluggishly: With little speed, energy, or activity; slowly and lazily.
• Slowly: At a low speed; taking a longer amount of time than is usual or expected.
• Deliberately: In a careful, considered, and unhurried way.

The correct answer is "Omniscient".

Key Points

• "Omniscient" literally translates to "all-knowing."
• 'Omni-' comes from Latin for 'all,' and '-scient' comes from 'scire,' which means 'to know.'
• This term is often used to describe a quality of God or a deity in many religions, perceived to have infinite knowledge.
• For Example - The professor seemed omniscient, answering every question without hesitation or doubt.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is "Abundance".

Key Points Let's understand the meanings of the given and the marked words:

• Plethora: A large or excessive amount of something; an abundance or overabundance.
• For Example - The science fair boasted a plethora of innovative projects from the budding scientists.
• Abundance: A very large quantity of something, more than adequate.
• For Example - The apple orchard was in full bloom, offering an abundance of fruit.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Additional Information Let's understand the meanings of the other given options:

• Deficiency: The state of not having, or not having enough of, something that is essential or necessary.
• Inadequacy: The state of being insufficient or not good enough for a particular purpose.
• Scarcity: The state of being in short supply; a situation in which something is not easy to find or get.

The correct answer is "Violation".

Key Points Let's understand the meanings of the given and the marked word:

• Offense: An illegal act or action that is punishable by law; a breach of a law or rule.
• For Example - Driving under the influence of alcohol is a serious offense that can result in fines and jail time.
• Violation: The act of breaking or disregarding a rule, agreement, or boundary.
• For Example - Entering the restricted zone without permission was a clear violation of the company's security protocol.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Additional Information Let's understand the meanings of the other given options:

• Innocence: The state, quality, or fact of being innocent of a crime or offense; lack of guile or corruption; purity.
• Morality: Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior; a system of values and principles of conduct.
• Virtue: Behavior showing high moral standards; a good or useful quality of a thing.

The correct answer is "addrress".

Key Points

• The correct spelling is 'address', not 'addrress'.
• The word 'address' is used here to mean to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it.
• For Example - To address the escalating crime rate, the city council is planning to increase the number of surveillance cameras in public areas.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "like".

Key Points

• The word that needs to be changed to make the sentence correct is 'like'.
• In the English language, we use 'likes' instead of 'like' when the subject of our sentence is a singular third person (he, she, it, or a name).
• 'Everyone' is grammatically singular, so we should match it with a singular verb.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Correct Sentence: Everyone likes to watch a magic show.

The correct answer is "shore".

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "shore".
• The word "shore" refers to the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or another large body of water.
• It's often used when discussing geographical and environmental elements related to bodies of water, including potential risk scenarios like flooding.
• Hence, in this sentence, houses built near the 'shore' would be at a greater risk of flooding, due to their proximity to the water.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Complete Sentence: Houses built near the shore are at greater risk of flooding.

The correct answer is "written".

Key Points

• In the sentence, the error lies in the use of the verb "is written."
• When we want to say that someone is in the process of doing something, the present continuous tense is used, which is formed by the auxiliary verb 'be' (is, am, are) followed by the present participle of the verb (-ing form).
• So, the correct form of the verb in this sentence should be "is writing" rather than "is written."
• This change would correctly express that Simon is in the process of writing a novel.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Correct Sentence: Simon is writing a novel about wildlife heritage.

The correct answer is "Burrow".

Key Points

• A "Burrow" refers to a hole or tunnel in the ground made by an animal (such as a rabbit or fox) for habitation or shelter.
• The key part of the definition - "dug by a small animal… as a dwelling" - directly corresponds with what a burrow is.
• For Example - The rabbit quickly disappeared into its burrow when it sensed danger.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is "Anything but".

Key Points

• The correct idiom to replace the highlighted text in the sentence is "Anything but," which is the first option.
• The idiom "Anything but" means 'not at all' or 'far from'.
• So, it can correctly replace "were not at all" in the sentence.
• The phrase indicates that the students were everything except excited, meaning they were far from being excited about the history quiz.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "reads".

Key Points

• In the sentence the error lies in the use of the verb "reads."
• In English language grammar, when we use the base verb after 'to,' it is always in its simplest form.
• Here**, "reads"** should be "read."
• The construction 'to' followed by a basic verb form is known as the infinitive, used commonly after verbs like 'love,' 'like,' 'hate,' etc.
• So, the correct form of the verb in this sentence should be "read" rather than "reads."
• This change would correctly express that he loves the activity of reading books.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is "a fish out of water".

Key Points

• The correct idiom to replace the expression "in an uncomfortable position" in the sentence is "a fish out of water,".
• The idiom "a fish out of water" refers to someone who is uncomfortable in a particular situation or unfamiliar environment.
• In this case, Alice is finding herself in a new environment – a new school, and she is uncomfortable or unfamiliar with it, like a fish would be out of its familiar aquatic environment.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is "to delay making a decision".

Key Points

• The idiom "sit on the fence" is figuratively used to describe someone who does not want to choose or make a decision.
• When used in conversation, it means that the person is being indecisive and is avoiding taking a side or making a commitment in a dispute or contest.
• For Example - In the debate between friends, Sara sat on the fence, unwilling to choose a side.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".