CISF Constable (Fireman) 26 Sept 2023 Shift 1 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

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Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

​⇒ 2 Y 4 W 8 X 24 Z 4 = ?

As per the given information:

After putting the sign as per the table:

​⇒ 2 × 4 + 8 - 24 ÷ 4

Apply Bodmas rule:

​⇒ 2 × 4 + 8 - 6

​⇒ 8 + 8 - 6

​⇒ 16 - 6 = 10

​⇒ '2 × 4 + 8 - 24 ÷ 4 = 10'

Here, the value of the equation is '10'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Given:

Uttar Pradesh : Uttarakhand →  Uttarakhand was formed from Uttar Pradesh.

Similarly,

Madhya Pradesh : Chattisgarh → Chattisgarh was formed from Madhya Pradesh.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The correct order of words as they would appear in the English dictionary is:

1. Icecream
2. Insolation
3. Insomnia
4. Isolation

The correct order is '1, 3, 4, 2'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Checking the given options:

1. Haryana → No coastal boundary.

2. Tamil Nadu → Having a coastal boundary.

3. Telangana → No coastal boundary. 4. Madhya Pradesh → No coastal boundary.

Here, 'Tamil Nadu' is different from the rest.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Logic: Third no. = [First no. + Second no.]

Given:

16, 25, 41 →

​⇒ (16 + 25) = 41

Checking the given options:

(1) 9, 49, 56 →

​⇒ (9 + 49) = 58

(2) 29, 25, 36 →

​⇒ (29 + 25) = 54

(3) 9, 36, 45 →

​⇒ (9 + 36) = 45

(4) 16, 36, 50 →

​⇒ (16 + 35) = 51

Here, '9, 36, 45' is similar to the given set of numbers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Checking the given options:

1. Masai → A tribe of the African continent.

2. Oraon → A tribe of Chattisgarh. (North India) 3. Santhal → A tribe of Odisha. (North India) 4. Munda → A tribe of Madhya Pradesh. (North India)

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The correct order of words as they would appear in the English dictionary is:

1. Election
2. Electronic
3. Elegant
4. Elevator

The correct order is '1, 2, 3, 4'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Here, we use the table given below:

​

Given:

QPO, MLK, IHG, EDC, ?

The logic followed in the given series:

Here, the missing term is 'AZY'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Here, we use the table given below:

​

The logic followed in the given code language:

SEAL is written as TFZK →

Similarly, 'ROSE' will be written as:

Here, 'ROSE' is written as 'SPRD'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Logic: 'Both numbers are the perfect cube'.

Given:

27 : 125 → (3)³ : (5)³

Checking the given options:

(1) 216 : 343 → (6)³ : (7)³

(2) 216 : 49 → (6)³ :  (7)²

(3) 4 : 16 → (2)² : (4)²

(4) 9 : 49 → (3)² : (7)²

Here, '216 : 343' is similar to the given set of numbers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Checking the given options:

1. Carrot → Grow inside the soil.
2. Radish → Grow inside the soil.
3. Potato → Grow inside the soil.

4. Eggplant → Grow outside the soil.

Here, 'Eggplant' is different from the rest.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Preparing the family tree diagram by using the following symbols:

As per the given information:

Priyanka is the wife of that person.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The sitting arrangement as per the given information:

1. Parth is sitting to the right of Ranjeet.

2. Ranjeet is on the right of Birju and Raju is sitting between Birju and Naresh.

Here, 'Naresh' is sitting to the right of Parth.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

​⇒ 2 Y 4 W 8 X 12 Z 3 = ?

As per the given information:

After putting the sign as per the table:

​⇒ 2 × 4 + 8 - 12 ÷ 3

Apply Bodmas rule:

​⇒ 2 × 4 + 8 - 4

​⇒ 8 + 8 - 4

​⇒ 16 - 4 = 12

​⇒ '2 × 4 + 8 - 12 ÷ 3 = 12'

Here, the value of the equation is '12'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Given:

Anthology → Study of Flowers.

Similarly,

Apiology → Study of bees.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Logic: The letters are rearranged.

THORN is written as NROHT →

Similarly, 'NORTH' will be written as:

Here, 'NORTH' is written as 'HTRON'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Logic: Second no. = [First no. + Third no.]

Given:

8, 27, 19 →

​⇒ (8 + 19) = 27

Checking the given options:

(1) 27, 216, 188 →

​⇒ (27 + 188) = 215

(2) 27, 64, 37 →

​⇒ (27 + 37) = 64

(3) 64, 125, 60 →

​⇒ (64 + 60) = 124

(4) 8, 64, 55 →

​⇒ (8 + 55) = 63

Here, '27, 64, 37' are similar to the given set of numbers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The logic followed in the given figure series is:

From Figure (1) to (3):

The symbols are moved as shown below.

From Figure (2) to (4):

The symbols are moved as shown below.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The correct order of words as they would appear in the English dictionary is:

2. Dilemmatic
3. Dogmatic
4. Dough
5. Drought

The correct order is '2, 1, 4, 3'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Here, we use the BODMAS table given below:

Given:

​⇒ 4 Y 8 W 6 X 24 Z 6 = ?

As per the given information:

After putting the sign as per the table:

​⇒ 4 × 8 + 6 - 24 ÷ 6

Apply Bodmas rule:

​⇒ 4 × 8 + 6 - 4

​⇒ 32 + 6 - 4

​⇒ 38 - 4 = 34

​⇒ '4 × 8 + 6 - 24 ÷ 6 = 34'

Here, the value of the equation is '34'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Statement:

Some syrups are medicines.

Some syrups are not effective.

The Venn diagram as per the given statements:

Conclusion:

I. Some medicines are not effective. → True (As "All syrups are not effective" and "Some syrups are medicines" so medicines, which are syrups, are not effective.)

II. No effective are medicine. → False (There is no direct relation between 'medicines' and 'effective', so some medicines are effective can be possible but not definitely true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Given:

12, 11, 13, 12, 14, 13, 15, ?, ?

The logic followed in the given series is:

Here, the missing terms are '14' and '16'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The correct answer is 71^st.

Key Points

• Eighth Schedule:-
• It lists the official languages of India. There is a total of 22 languages as the official languages. While 14 languages are included earlier and the rest of the languages were added to the constitution through subsequent amendments.
• Part XVII of the Indian constitution deals with the official languages in Articles 343 to 351.
• Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili, and Dogri are the languages that are included in the Constitution.
• 14 were initially included in the Constitution.
• The Sindhi language was added by the 21^st Amendment Act of 1967.
• Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were included by the 71^st Amendment Act of 1992.
• Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali were added by the 92^nd Amendment Act of 2003 which came into force in 2004.
• There are six languages Classical languages: Tamil (declared in 2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
• The Constitutional provisions related to the Eighth Schedule are Article 344 and Article 351.

Additional Information

• 72^nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992:-
• It was passed to provide a temporary provision for determining the number of seats reserved for Scheduled Tribes in the Tripura State Assembly until the seats are re-adjusted based on the first census after the year 2000, as required by Article 170 of the Indian Constitution.
• 21^st Amendment of the Constitution of India:-
• It is officially known as The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967.
• It amended the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution so as to include Sindhi as one of the languages, thereby raising the total number of languages listed in the schedule to fifteen.
• 92^nd amendment to the Indian Constitution:-
• It was passed in 2003, it amended the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution to include four more languages: Bodo, Dogri, Santali, and Maithili.
• This brought the total number of recognized languages in the Indian Constitution to 22.

The correct anwer is 1828 AD.

Key Points

• Brahmo Samaj:-
• It was a monotheistic reform movement within Hinduism founded in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
• It was influenced by Islam and Christianity, and rejected polytheism, idol worship, and the caste system.
• The Brahmo Samaj also advocated for social reforms such as the abolition of sati (the burning of widows), widow remarriage, and the education of women.
• The Brahmo Samaj played a significant role in the Bengal Renaissance and the Indian independence movement.
• It attracted many prominent intellectuals and reformers, including Debendranath Tagore (the father of Rabindranath Tagore), Keshub Chunder Sen, and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
• Some of the key beliefs and practices of the Brahmo Samaj:-
• Belief in one God who is omnipresent and omniscient.
• Rejection of polytheism, idol worship, and the caste system.
• Emphasis on the importance of reason and individual conscience in matters of faith.
• Belief in the universal brotherhood of humanity.
• Advocacy for social reforms such as the abolition of sati, widow remarriage, and the education of women.

The correct answer is Football.

Key Points

• Manisha Kalyan:-
• She is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Cypriot First Division club Apollon and the India women's national team.
• She is the first Indian footballer to play in the UEFA Women's Champions League.
• Manisha is an attacking midfielder and is known for her both creativity and her physicality.
• She is a versatile player who can attack and operate in the wings and even performs as a number 9.
• Primarily she plays as a left winger and sometimes as a left back.

Additional Information

• Famous lawn tennis players are:-
• Leander Paes
• Sania Mirza
• Mahesh Bhupathi
• Vijay Amritraj
• Ramanathan Krishnan
• Somdev Devvarman
• Famous Cricket players are:-
• Mahendra Singh Dhoni
• Virat Kohli
• Sachin Tendulkar
• Suresh Raina
• Famous Badminton players are:-
• Prakash Padukone
• Pullela Gopichand
• Saina Nehwal
• PV Sindhu

The correct answer is Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary

Key Points

• Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary:-
• The Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary in Kalahandi district, Odisha, India was recently in the news due to the death of six elephants due to hemorrhagic septicemia (HS).
• The deaths occurred in a span of two weeks in February 2021.
• Hemorrhagic septicemia:-
• It is a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection that can affect a wide range of animals, including elephants.
• It is caused by the bacteria Pasteurella multocida, which can be transmitted through contact with contaminated water, feed, or other animals.
• The exact cause of the HS outbreak in the Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary is still under investigation, but it is possible that the elephants were infected through contact with stagnant water bodies in the forest.

 Additional Information

• Lemru Elephant Reserve:-
• It is a proposed elephant reserve in the Korba district of Chhattisgarh, India.
• It is part of the East-Central Landscape (South-West Bengal-Jharkhand - Orissa) elephant range.
• The reserve was proposed in 2005 and got central approval in 2007. However, the state government has not yet notified the reserve.
• Theppakadu Elephant Reserve:-
• It is a small elephant reserve located in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India.
• It is part of the Mudumalai National Park, which is one of the most important elephant habitats in the country.
• Bhitarkanika National Park:-
• It is a 145 sq km (56 sq mi) national park in northeast Kendrapara district in Odisha in eastern India.
• It was designated on 16 September 1998 and obtained the status of a Ramsar site on 19 August 2002.
• The area is also been designated as the second Ramsar site of the State after the Chilika Lake.

The correct answer is Acharya Vinoba Bhave

Key Points

• Acharya Vinoba Bhave:-
• He was the first individual Satyagrahi of India.
• He was chosen by Mahatma Gandhi to launch the Individual Satyagraha movement in October 1940.
• Bhave was a close associate of Gandhi and a leading figure in the Indian independence movement.
• He was also a renowned scholar, social reformer, and advocate of nonviolence.
• As the first individual Satyagrahi, Bhave was arrested for giving a speech against the British government's participation in World War II.
• He was followed by thousands of other Satyagrahis who were also arrested for peacefully protesting against British rule.
• The Individual Satyagraha movement was an important step in the Indian independence struggle, and it helped to galvanize public support for the Indian National Congress.

Additional Information

• Jawaharlal Nehru:-
• He was the first Prime Minister of India and a leading figure in the Indian independence movement.
• He was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and a member of the Indian National Congress.
• Nehru was a socialist and a secularist, and he played a key role in shaping India's post-independence foreign policy.
• Jai Prakash Narayan:-
• He was a socialist leader and a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement.
• He was a member of the Indian National Congress and the Socialist Party of India.
• JP was a strong advocate of nonviolence and civil disobedience, and he played a key role in the Quit India Movement of 1942.
• Mahatma Gandhi:-
• He was the pre-eminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
• The honorific title Mahatma—meaning "high-souled"—was bestowed on him first in 1914 in South Africa, and became widely used in India in the 1920s.
• He is internationally honored as the Father of India.

The correct answer is Marco Polo.

Key Points

• Customs of India Manuscript:-
• It is a collection of ethnographic notes and drawings on Indian culture and society, compiled by Marco Polo in the late 18^th century.
• It is considered to be one of the most important early European records of Indian life.
• Marco Polo:-
• He was a Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer who traveled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295.
• His travels are recorded in The Travels of Marco Polo (also known as Book of the Marvels of the World and Il Milione, c. 1300).

Additional Information

• Domingo Paes:-
• He was a Portuguese traveler who visited the Vijayanagara Empire in southern India around 1520.
• He was part of a group of traders from the Portuguese colony of Goa.
• Paes's visit took place during the rule of King Krishna Deva Raya, and he wrote a detailed account of his experiences in his book Chronica dos reis de Bisnaga ("Chronicle of the kings of Vijayanagara").
• Ibn Battuta:-
• He was a Moroccan traveler, explorer, and scholar. Over a period of thirty years from 1325 to 1354, Ibn Battuta visited most of North Africa, the Middle East, East Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, the Iberian Peninsula, and West Africa.
• He traveled more than 75,000 miles (120,000 km), which is more than any other known traveler before the 19^th century.
• William Hawkins:-
• He was an English sea captain and merchant.
• He is best known for being the first Englishman to visit India on behalf of the English East India Company.

The correct answer is Sameer V. Kamat.

Key Points

• Sameer V. Kamat:-
• ​Sameer V. Kamat is the current Chairperson of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• He succeeded the former Chairperson of the DRDO, G Satheesh Reddy.
• The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) approved his appointment from the date of his assumption of charge till he attains the age of 60 years.
• DRDO:-
• It is the Government of India-owned agency that is charged with the military's research and development (R&D).
• It was established in 1958.
• The headquarters of the DRDO is in New Delhi.

Additional Information

• Dr. Praveen Sood:-
• He is a 1986-batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the Karnataka cadre.
• He is the current Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), taking over on May 25, 2023.
• Girish Bapat:-
• He is a prominent politician from the state of Maharashtra, India.
• He is affiliated with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), one of the major political parties in India.
• Prior to September 2021, Bapat has held several important posts, including serving as Cabinet Minister for Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection in the Government of Maharashtra.
• Doctor G. Satheesh Reddy:-
• He is an Indian scientist and the Scientific Advisor to Raksha Mantri (the Minister of Defence), leading India's indigenous development of defence systems and technologies.
• He has worked on the development of missiles, fighter aircraft, unmanned aerial defence systems, and radar systems.

The correct answer is 14.

Key Points

• First census of independent India:-
• The first census of independent India in 1951 asked 14 questions.
• In addition to these questions, the census also asked questions about religion, caste, literacy, occupation, and other social and economic characteristics.
• The 14 questions asked in the first census of independent India were:
• Name
• Sex
• Age
• Relationship to head of household
• Religion
• Caste
• Nationality or race
• Ability to read/write
• Whether attended school or college
• Occupation for males
• Mother tongue
• Economic status
• Principal and subsidiary means of livelihood
• Other social and economic characteristics

The correct answer is Life Insurance Corporation of India.

Key Points

• Life Insurance Corporation of India:-
• LIC is an Indian multinational public sector life insurance company headquartered in Mumbai.
• It is India's largest insurance company as well as the largest institutional investor with total assets under management worth ₹45.7 trillion as of March 2023.
• LIC has over 340 million policyholders, making it one of the largest life insurance companies in the world.
• LIC was founded on September 1, 1956, following the nationalization of 245 private life insurance companies in India.
• It is a government-owned company, with the Government of India holding a 100% stake in the company.
• LIC offers a wide range of life insurance products, including traditional and unit-linked insurance plans.
• The company also offers group insurance plans to employers and employees.

Additional Information

• State Bank of India:-
• SBI is the largest commercial bank in India.
• It is a public sector bank, with the Government of India holding a 56.26% stake in the company.
• SBI was founded in 1806 as the Bank of Bengal and was later renamed as the State Bank of India in 1955.
• Indian Unit Trust:-
• UTI was a statutory private sector investment body that was set up in 1964.
• It was the first mutual fund in India and played a major role in developing the mutual fund industry in the country.
• Reserve Bank of India:-
• RBI is the central bank of India.
• It is responsible for the regulation and supervision of the Indian banking system, the issuance of currency, and the management of India's foreign exchange reserves.
• The RBI also plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development in India.

The correct answer is Telangana.

Key Points

• Medicine from the Sky:-
• It was launched in Telangana in September 2021.
• The project is a collaboration between the Telangana government, the World Economic Forum, NITI Aayog, and HealthNet Global.
• The Medicine from the Sky scheme in Telangana aims to use drones to deliver vaccines and medicines to remote and underserved areas.
• The project is currently in its pilot phase, and is being conducted in the Vikarabad district of Telangana.
• In September 2021, the Medicine from the Sky scheme in Telangana successfully completed its first phase of trials.
• During this phase, drones were used to deliver vaccines and medicines to three different health facilities in the Vikarabad district.
• The deliveries were made over a distance of 3 kilometers, and the drones were able to complete the deliveries in less than 10 minutes.

The correct answer is Affindex-2023.

Key Points

• Affindex-2023:-
• The second edition of the Africa-India Field Training Exercise (AFINDEX-2023) was held from March 16 to 29, 2023, at the Foreign Training Node (FTN) of the Indian Army located at Aundh Military Station in Pune, India.
• A total of 25 African nations with 124 participants and Indian troops from the SIKH, MARATHA, and MAHAR Regiments participated in the multinational exercise.
• The theme of the exercise was "Humanitarian Mine Assistance and United Nations Peacekeeping Operations."
• The exercise focused on developing the skills and capabilities of the participating troops in areas such as mine clearance, explosive ordnance disposal, first aid, and casualty evacuation.
• It also included training on UN peacekeeping procedures and protocols.

Additional Information

• Samudra Shakti 2023:-
• The 4^th edition of the Indo-Indonesia bilateral exercise Samudra Shakti-23 was held from May 14 to 19, 2023, in the South China Sea.
• The exercise was aimed at enhancing interoperability, jointness, and mutual cooperation between the two navies.
• Shinyuu Maitri 2023:-
• The 2023 Shinyuu Maitri exercise was a bilateral military exercise between the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF).
• The exercise was held on March 1-2, 2023, at Komatsu Air Base in Japan.

The correct answer is  D. Y. Chandrachud​

Key Points

• Foundation Day of the Supreme Court (India):-
• It was started under the leadership of the current Chief Justice of India, Justice D.Y. Chandrachud.
• On February 4, 2023, the Supreme Court of India celebrated its 73^rd Foundation Day for the first time.
• The Chief Justice of Singapore, Justice Sundaresh Menon, was the chief guest for the event and delivered a lecture on the topic "The Role of the Judiciary in a Changing World."
• According to sources at the top court, it was CJI Chandrachud's idea to start the tradition of celebrating the Supreme Court's anniversary.
• He thought that since the Supreme Court organizes Constitution Day on November 26 every year, it would be a good idea to showcase to the country how the judiciary works in an ever-changing world.

Additional Information

• N. V. Ramana:-
• He is a former Indian judge and journalist who served as the 48^th Chief Justice of India.
• He was born on August 27, 1957, in Ponnavaram Village, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh.
• He comes from an agricultural family.
• Uday Umesh Lalit:-
• He is an Indian jurist and former Supreme Court Judge, who served as the 49^th Chief Justice of India.
• Previously, he has served as a judge of Supreme Court of India.
• Prior to his elevation as a judge, he practised as a senior counsel at the Supreme Court. Justice Lalit is one of the six senior counsels who have been directly elevated to the Supreme Court. He is currently a distinguished jurist and Professor of Law and Justice at O.P. Jindal Global University.
• Sharad Arvind Bobde is the full name of S. A. Bobde, an Indian judge who served as the 47^th Chief Justice of India from November 2019 to April 2021. Prior to his promotion to Chief Justice, he has been a Judge of the Supreme Court of India, Chief Justice of the Madhya Pradesh High Court, and a judge of the Bombay High Court. Born on 24^th April 1956, he hails from a family of lawyers from Maharashtra. His father, Arvind Shriniwas Bobde, was the advocate-general of Maharashtra and his brother, Vinod Arvind Bobde, was a senior Supreme Court lawyer.

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• Chhath Puja:-
• Chhath Puja is a four-day Hindu festival dedicated to the sun god Surya and his sister Chhathi Maiya.
• It is one of the most important festivals in Bihar, and is celebrated with great devotion and enthusiasm.
• On the first day of Chhath Puja, devotees bathe in holy water and fast.
• On the second day, they prepare offerings of prasad (food) and sing songs in praise of Surya and Chhathi Maiya.
• On the third day, devotees offer prayers to the setting sun while standing in water.
• On the fourth and final day, they offer prayers to the rising sun and break their fast.

Additional Information

• Various festivals of Maharashtra are:-
• Ganesh Chaturthi
• Diwali
• Makar Sankranti
• Gudi Padwa
• Kojagiri Pournima
• Vat Pournima
• Pola
• Various festivals of Tripura are:-
• Garia Puja
• Kharchi Puja
• Diwali
• Ker Puja
• Durga Puja
• Lakshmi Puja
• Saraswati Puja
• Various festivals of Kerala are:-
• Onam
• Thrissur Pooram
• Guruvayur Ekadashi
• Attukal Pongala
• Sabarimala Makaravilakku
• Vishu

The correct answer is Avni Chaturvedi.

Key Points

• Avni Chaturvedi:-
• On January 16, 2023, Squadron Leader Avani Chaturvedi became the first woman to fly a Sukhoi fighter plane on foreign soil when she participated in the Veer Guardian 2023 aerial wargames in Japan.
• She was part of a four-member contingent from the Indian Air Force (IAF) that participated in the exercise.
• She is one of the first three female fighter pilots in the IAF.
• She was commissioned in June 2016 and has been flying the Sukhoi Su-30MKI fighter jet since then.
• She is a highly skilled and experienced pilot and has flown several sorties on operational missions.
• Her participation in the Veer Guardian 2023 exercise is a significant milestone for the IAF and for women in aviation. It is a testament to the IAF's commitment to gender equality and to the capabilities of its female pilots.

Additional Information

• Sukhoi:-
• It is a Russian aircraft manufacturer, headquartered in Moscow, that designs both civilian and military aircraft.
• It was founded in the Soviet Union by Pavel Sukhoi in 1939 as the Sukhoi Design Bureau.
• Sukhoi is best known for its military aircraft, which include some of the most advanced fighters in the world, such as the Su-27 Flanker, Su-30MKI, Su-35 Flanker-E, and Su-57 Felon.
• Sukhoi aircraft are operated by air forces around the world, including Russia, India, China, Vietnam, and Algeria.

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• The state government of Bihar has recently decided to use drones to monitor illegal liquor manufacturing.
• This is a part of the government's efforts to implement prohibition in the state more effectively.
• Drones are ideal for this task because they can cover large areas quickly and efficiently, and they can reach remote and inaccessible locations.
• They can also be equipped with high-resolution cameras and other sensors to detect illegal activities.
• Some of the benefits of using drones to monitor illegal liquor manufacturing:
• Enhanced surveillance: Drones can provide a real-time view of large areas, making it easier to detect illegal activity.
• Improved efficiency: Drones can cover large areas quickly and efficiently, freeing up law enforcement personnel to focus on other tasks.
• Reduced risk: Drones can be used to monitor dangerous or remote areas without putting law enforcement personnel at risk.
• Evidence gathering: Drones can be equipped with high-resolution cameras and other sensors to collect evidence of illegal activity.

The correct answer is Bengaluru FC.

Key Points

• Bengaluru FC defeated Mumbai City FC 2-1 to win the 131^st edition of the Durand Cup at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata.
• Bengaluru has won its first Durand Cup honors in history.
• Sivashakti Narayanan gave Bengaluru the lead before Greg Stewart equalized in the 30^th minute.
• The 2022 Durand Cup is also known as the IndianOil Durand Cup because of its sponsorship relationship with the Indian Oil Corporation.
• The Durand Cup was the 131^st edition.
• It was the oldest football tournament in Asia.
• It was also the first edition since it was recognized by the Asian Football Confederation.

Additional Information

• Durand Cup 2022
• Location - Kolkata, Guwahati, and Imphal
• Teams - 20
• Champions - Bengaluru (1^st title)
• Runner-up - Mumbai City
• Matches Played - 47
• Goals scored - 133 (2.83 per match)
• Top goal scorer - Lallianzuala Chhangte (7 goals)
• Best Player - Greg Stewart
• Best Goalkeeper - Antonio Dylan (2 clean sheets)

Important Points

• 132^nd Edition of Durand Cup is commenced at Kolkata.

The correct answer is Patna.

Key Points

• First meeting of the Congress Socialist Party:-
• The first meeting of the Congress Socialist Party was held in Patna on 17 May 1934.
• The meeting was convened by Jayaprakash Narayan, who had just been released from jail.
• It was attended by a number of young socialists who were members of the Indian National Congress, including Acharya Narendra Deva, Minoo Masani, and Ram Manohar Lohia.
• At the meeting, the group decided to form a new socialist party within the Indian National Congress.
• They adopted a manifesto that called for the establishment of a socialist society in India, based on the principles of economic equality, social justice, and democracy.
• ​Congress Socialist Party:-
• The Congress Socialist Party played an important role in the Indian independence movement, and its members were at the forefront of many of the major anti-colonial struggles of the time.
• After independence, the party split from the Indian National Congress and went on to become a major political force in its own right.

Additional Information

• Patna Meeting, 1934:-
• At this meeting, the party adopted its manifesto, which called for the establishment of a socialist society in India.
• The manifesto also criticized the British government for its colonial policies and called for the Indian people to unite in the struggle for independence.
• Bhagalpur Meeting, 1938:-
• The CSP held its second meeting in Bhagalpur in 1938.
• At this meeting, the party passed a resolution calling for the Indian National Congress to adopt a socialist program.
• The resolution also criticized the British government for its failure to address the economic problems of the Indian people.
• Gaya Meeting, 1940:-
• The CSP held its third meeting in Gaya in 1940.
• At this meeting, the party passed a resolution calling for the Indian National Congress to launch a civil disobedience movement against the British government.
• The resolution also criticized the British government for its support of the Nazis in World War II.

The correct answer is 18.

Key Points

• Biosphere Reserves:-
• ​These are parts of natural and cultural landscapes that extend over large areas of terrestrial or coastal/marine ecosystems.
• It is an initiative under the Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB) of UNESCO that was launched in 1971.
• There are 18 Biosphere Reserves in India:

• Out of these 18 biosphere reserves, 12 are also part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

The correct answer is Saccharomyces.

Key Points

• Saccharomyces:-
• It is also known as baker's yeast, is a single-celled fungus that is used to ferment the dough, causing it to rise.
• When yeast is added to dough, it consumes the sugars in the flour and produces carbon dioxide and alcohol.
• The carbon dioxide bubbles form in the dough, causing it to rise. The alcohol evaporates during the baking process.
• To use yeast in bread making, the yeast must first be activated.
• This can be done by dissolving it in warm water and letting it sit for a few minutes until it is foamy.
• The activated yeast is then added to the dough, along with the other ingredients, and kneaded until the dough is smooth and elastic.

Additional Information

• Afla:-
• It is a type of chlorella algae that is native to Japan. It is known for its high chlorophyll content and its ability to detoxify the body.
• Afla is also a good source of protein and iron.
• Asaniya:-
• It is a type of chlorella algae that is native to Southeast Asia.
• It is known for its high nutritional value and its ability to boost the immune system.
• Asaniya is also a good source of omega-3 fatty acids.
• Chlorella:-
• It is a type of green algae that is found all over the world.
• It is known for its high nutrient content and its ability to cleanse the body of toxins.
• Chlorella is also a good source of fiber and omega-3 fatty acids.

The correct answer is India's first Solar Powered Village

Key Points

• Modhera village:-
• Modhera is a village in the Mehsana district of Gujarat, India.
• It is located on the banks of the Pushpavati River, about 35 kilometers from the district headquarters.
• Modhera is known for its ancient Sun Temple, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temple was built in the 11^th century by the Chaulukya dynasty, and is considered to be one of the finest examples of Hindu architecture in India.
• Modhera is also known for its recent transformation into India's first solar-powered village. In 2022, the village installed a 6 MW solar plant with a 15 MWh battery energy storage system, which now meets all of the village's electricity needs. Modhera is also home to a number of rooftop solar systems, and the village is now a net producer of renewable energy.
• The transformation of Modhera into a solar-powered village has had a number of positive impacts on the community.
• The village has seen a reduction in its electricity costs, and the residents now have access to reliable and clean energy. The solar project has also created jobs in the village, and has helped to boost the local economy.

 Additional Information

• First Dugong Conservation Reserve:-
• In India it is located in Palk Bay, off the coast of Tamil Nadu.
• It was notified in September 2022, and covers an area of 448 square kilometers.
• The reserve is home to a significant population of dugongs, which are a vulnerable species.
• First Slender Loris Sanctuary:-
• It is the Kadavur Slender Loris Sanctuary, located in the Karur and Dindigul districts of Tamil Nadu.
• It was notified in October 2022, and covers an area of 11,806 hectares.
• The sanctuary is home to a significant population of slender lorises, which are an endangered species.
• First Converted Bio Village:-
• The first converted bio village in India is Daspara, located in the Sepahijala district of Tripura.
• It was converted into a bio village in 2022, under the Bio Village 2.0 project launched by the Government of Tripura.

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• ​According to Census 2011, Bihar is on the opposite pole to Kerala in terms of literacy rate.
• Bihar has the lowest literacy rate in India, with a literacy rate of 61.80%.
• Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India, with a literacy rate of 93.91%.

Additional Information

• Census 2011:-
• It was the 15^th National Census of India conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
• The census was conducted in two phases: the first phase was conducted in April 2010 and covered the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal, along with the Union Territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, Delhi, and Puducherry.
• The second phase was conducted in February-March 2011 and covered the remaining states and Union Territories.
• The main objective of Census 2011 was to provide comprehensive and reliable data on population characteristics, such as size, distribution, and socio-economic and demographic characteristics.
• The census collected information on various parameters, such as age, sex, literacy, education, occupation, migration, religion, and housing.
• The data collected during the census is used for planning and policy-making purposes by the government and other stakeholders.

The correct answer is Narasimham Committee

Key Points

• Liquidity Adjustment Facility:-
• LAF was adopted in the year 2000 on the recommendation of the Narasimham Committee on Banking Sector Reforms.
• The LAF is a monetary policy tool used by the RBI to manage liquidity in the banking system.
• It has two components: repo (repurchase agreement) and reverse repo. Under repo, banks can borrow money from the RBI by pledging government securities as collateral.
• Under reverse repo, banks can lend money to the RBI at a fixed interest rate.
• Narasimham Committee:-
• It was appointed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in 1991 to review the Indian banking system and suggest reforms.
• The committee submitted its report in 1992, in which it recommended a number of reforms, including the introduction of the LAF.

Additional Information

• Shyamala Gopinath Committee:-
• It is on Financial Inclusion was appointed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in 2008.
• It's aim was to review the progress made in financial inclusion and to suggest measures for further deepening financial inclusion in India.
• The committee submitted its report in 2009.
• P. R. Khanna Committee:-
• It is on Financial Literacy and Inclusion was appointed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in 2013.
• It's aim was to review the status of financial literacy and inclusion in India and to suggest measures for their improvement.
• The committee submitted its report in 2014.
• A. Ghosh Committee:-
• It was on Payment Systems was appointed by the RBI in 2011.
• It's aim was to review the status of the payment system in India and to suggest measures for its improvement.
• The committee submitted its report in 2012.

The correct answer is 22.

Key Points

• 8^th Schedule of the Indian Constitution:-
• The Eighth Schedule to the constitution of India lists the official languages of India.
• There is a total of 22 languages as the official languages. While 14 languages are included earlier and the rest of the languages were added to the constitution through subsequent amendments.
• Part XVII of the Indian constitution deals with the official languages in Articles 343 to 351.
• Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili, and Dogri are the languages that are included in the Constitution.
• The Sindhi language was added by the 21^st Amendment Act of 1967.
• Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were included by the 71^st Amendment Act of 1992.
• Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali were added by the 92^nd Amendment Act of 2003 which came into force in 2004.
• There are six languages Classical languages: Tamil (declared in 2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
• Thus, it is concluded that as of August 2023, there are 22 languages mentioned in the 8^th Schedule of the Indian constitution.

The correct answer is Manifold Reduction.

Key Points

• Manifold reduction:-
• It is a technique for reducing the dimensionality of data while preserving the underlying structure of the data.
• This is useful for tasks such as visualization, data analysis, and machine learning.
• It affects the creditworthiness of commercial banks when CPR increases.

Additional Information

• Multifold Increase:-
• It refers to a significant and rapid growth in the production of goods and services in a country or region.
• This can be measured by the gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country over a period of time.

The correct answer is Article 20

Key Points

• Right to Equality:-
• The right to equality is one of the fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution of India.
• It is guaranteed to all citizens, irrespective of their religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• The right to equality is enshrined in Articles 14 to 18 of the Constitution.
• Article 20-
• ​It deals with the protection in respect of conviction for offences.
• Article 20 grants three kinds of protection against arbitrary and excessive punishment to an accused person, whether citizen or foreigner.

1. No ex-post-facto law: No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a new law in force at the time of the commission of the act nor subjected to a penalty greater than that prescribed by the law in force at the time of the commission of the act.
2. No double jeopardy: No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once.
3. No self-incrimination: No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

• The protection against double jeopardy is available only in proceedings before a court of law or judicial tribunal.

Additional Information

• Article 14:-
• It guarantees equality before the law and the equal protection of the laws.
• This means that all persons are equal in the eyes of the law and that no one can be discriminated against on the basis of any of the grounds mentioned above.
• Article 15:-
• It prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• This means that the government cannot discriminate against any person on the basis of any of these grounds.
• Article 16:-
• It guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
• This means that all citizens have equal opportunities to apply for and be considered for government jobs.
• Article 17:-
• It abolishes untouchability.
• This means that no person can be discriminated against on the basis of their caste.
• Article 18:-
• It abolishes titles.
• This means that no citizen can be granted any title by the government.

Given:

Loss = Rs 20 

Selling Price = Rs 140

Formula Used:

Loss % = (Loss/CP) × 100

CP = Loss + SP

Calculation:

CP = 20 + 140 = Rs 160

Loss % = (20/160) × 100

Loss % = (1/8) × 100 = 12.5%

∴ Correct answer is 12.5%.

Given:

1^st term = 4, 2^nd term = 6  & 4^th term = 12

Calculation:

Let 3^rd term = M

According to question 

4 : 6 : : M :12

M × 6 = 4 × 12

M = 8

∴ Correct answer is 8.

Formula Used:

(a² - b²) = (a + b) (a - b)

Calculation:

\(\frac{\sqrt6}{\sqrt5 - \sqrt3}\)

\(\frac{\sqrt6}{\sqrt5 - \sqrt3}\times\frac{\sqrt5 + \sqrt3}{\sqrt5 + \sqrt3}\)

\(\frac{\sqrt6\times(\sqrt5 + \sqrt3)}{(\sqrt5 - \sqrt3)(\sqrt5 + \sqrt3)}\)

By using the above formula

\(\frac{\sqrt6\times(\sqrt5 + \sqrt3)}{(5 - 3)}\)    

\(\frac{\sqrt6\times(\sqrt5 + \sqrt3)}{2}\)

∴ The correct answer is \(\frac{\sqrt6(\sqrt5 + \sqrt3)}{2}\).

Calculation:

Let total units = M

According to question 

He sells 75% of the total units and still = 125 units

Now after selling, remaining 25% of total units = 125 

M × 25% = 125

M = 500 units

∴ The correct answer is 500 units.

Given:

The average age of 8 coworkers = 16 years

2 new colleagues join the average age, increases by 1 year.

Formula Used:

Average = Sum of total observations / Total no. of observations

Calculation:

The sum of average age of 8 coworkers = 8 × 16 = 128 years

According to the question,

After adding the age of new 10 coworkers,

The average age is 17 years 

The sum of ages after adding new coworkers

⇒10 × 17 = 170 years

The age of new coworkers = 170 - 128 = 42 years

The average age of new colleagues = 42/2 = 21 years.

∴ The correct answer is 21 years.

Given:

Deposits increased by 60% in one year

Current amount = Rs 8440

Calculation:

60% = 60/100 = 3/5

Let last year's deposit = 5a

Deposits increased by 3a from 5a i.e. = 8a

8a = Rs 8440

⇒ a = Rs 1055

Deposits year ago = 5a = 5 × 1055 = Rs 5275

∴ The correct answer is RS 5275

Given:

Total mixture 28 liters

Ration of Milk and water = 4 : 3

Calculation:

Let Milk and water be 4a and 3a respectively

Total Mixture = 4a + 3a = 7a

7a = 28 liters

⇒ a = 4 

Quantity of milk in mixture = 4a = 4 × 4 = 16 liters

∴ The correct answer is 16 liters

Given:

Anil and Sunil  completed work in 14 & 20 days respectively

With the help of Vimal, they completed the same work in 4 days

Formula used:

Work = Efficiency × Time

Calculation:

LCM(14, 20, 4) = 140, let total work = 140 u

Efficiency of Anil, Sunil, (Anil + Sunil + Vimal ) is

10u, 7u, 35u Respectively.

Efficiency of Vimal = 35u - (10u + 7u) = 18u

Vimal completed work alone = 140/18 = 7(7/9) days

∴ The correct answer is \(7\frac{7}{9}\) days.

Shortcut Trick

Average Speed = (Total Distance) ÷ (Total Time)

Average Speed = (v₁t₁ + v₂t₂) ÷ (t₁ + t₂)

Average Speed = (50 × 2 + 40 × 4) ÷ (2 + 4)

Average Speed = (100 + 160) ÷ 6 = 260 ÷ 6 = 43.33 km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 43.33 km/hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed₁ = 50 km/hr, Time₁ = 2 hr

Speed₂ = 40 km/hr, Time₂ = 4 hr

Formula: Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

⇒ Distance₁ = Speed₁ × Time₁ = 50 × 2 = 100 km

⇒ Distance₂ = Speed₂ × Time₂ = 40 × 4 = 160 km

⇒ Total Distance = 100 + 160 = 260 km

⇒ Total Time = 2 + 4 = 6 hr

⇒ Average Speed = 260 ÷ 6

⇒ Average Speed = 43.333... km/hr

∴ The correct answer is 43.33 km/hr.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Equal Distances

If a person travels two equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed is given by (2xy) ÷ (x + y).

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed = S₁ − S₂. When they move in opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂.

Unit Conversion

To convert km/hr to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/hr, multiply by 18/5.

Given:

Principle (P) = Rs 1040,

Rate(R) = 12%, time(T) = 2 years

Formula used:

Simple interest (SI) = PRT/100

Calculation:

SI = (1040 × 12 × 2)100 = 1248/5 =  Rs 249.6

∴ The correct answer is Rs 249.6

Shortcut Trick

Effective Rate of Interest for 3 years at 6% = 19.1016%.

Compound Interest = 22000 × 19.1016/100

Compound Interest = 220 × 19.1016 = ₹ 4202.352 ≈ ₹ 4202.35.

∴ The correct answer is ₹ 4202.35.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹ 22,000, Rate (R) = 6%, Time (n) = 3 years.

Formula: Amount (A) = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ; Compound Interest (CI) = A − P

⇒ A = 22000(1 + 6/100)³

⇒ A = 22000(1.06)³

⇒ A = 22000 × 1.191016

⇒ A = 26202.352

⇒ CI = 26202.352 − 22000

⇒ CI = 4202.352

∴ The correct answer is ₹ 4202.35.

Additional Information

Compound Interest Formula

CI = P[(1 + R/100)ⁿ − 1], where P is Principal, R is Rate, and n is Time period.

Difference between SI and CI (2 Years)

The difference (D) for 2 years is given by D = P(R/100)².

Difference between SI and CI (3 Years)

The difference (D) for 3 years is given by D = P(R/100)² × (3 + R/100).

Effective Rate Method

For 3 years, the effective rate is 3r + 3r²/100 + r³/10000, where r is the annual rate.

Shortcut Trick

Effective discount percentage for two successive discounts = a + b − (a × b) / 100

Effective discount = 20 + 15 − (20 × 15) / 100 = 35 − 3 = 32%

Selling Price = (100 − 32)% of Marked Price

Selling Price = 68% of 2400 = (68 ÷ 100) × 2400 = 1632

∴ The correct answer is Rs 1632.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) = Rs 2400

Successive discounts = 20% and 15%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = MP × (1 − D₁/100) × (1 − D₂/100)

Calculations:

⇒ SP = 2400 × (1 − 20/100) × (1 − 15/100)

⇒ SP = 2400 × (80/100) × (85/100)

⇒ SP = 2400 × (4/5) × (17/20)

⇒ SP = 2400 × (68/100)

⇒ SP = 24 × 68

⇒ SP = Rs 1632

∴ The correct answer is Rs 1632.

Additional Information

Marked Price (MP)

The original price labeled on a product. All discounts are strictly calculated on the Marked Price before determining the Selling Price.

Successive Discounts

When two or more discounts are offered sequentially, the total effective discount rate is given by: D = d₁ + d₂ − (d₁ × d₂) ÷ 100.

Selling Price (SP)

The final transactional price after subtracting all corresponding discounts from the Marked Price. Formula: SP = MP − Total Discount Amount.

Shortcut Trick

Ammu = 60% ⇒ Binu = 100% − 60% = 40%

Difference in percentage = 60% − 40% = 20%

Given difference = 10 candies

20% → 10 candies ∴ 100% → 50 candies

Ammu = 60% of 50 = 30 | Binu = 40% of 50 = 20

∴ The correct answer is 20, 30.

Alternate Method

Given: Difference = 10, Ammu = 60% of Total

Formula: Value = (Percentage ÷ 100) × Total

Ammu (60%) Binu (40%)

Total (100%) = 50 Candies Gap (20%) = 10 Candies

⇒ Let total candies = x

⇒ Ammu candies = 0.60x

⇒ Binu candies = x − 0.60x = 0.40x

⇒ Difference = 0.60x − 0.40x = 10

⇒ 0.20x = 10

⇒ x = 10 ÷ 0.20 = 50

⇒ Ammu = 0.60 × 50 = 30

⇒ Binu = 0.40 × 50 = 20

∴ The correct answer is 20, 30.

Additional Information

Total Percentage Concept

The sum of all components in a group is always 100% of the total value.

Percentage Difference

If A is x% and B is y%, the difference in their values is |x−y|% of the total.

Fractional Conversion

60% = 3/5 and 40% = 2/5; the difference is 1/5 of the total, which equals 10.

Given:

a^maⁿ = a^m+n

Calculation:

4(a3b6)16 × 16(a4b2)2

64 a³b⁶ × 32a⁴b²

64 × 32 × a³⁺⁴  b⁶⁺²

By using the above formula

∴ 4(a3b6)16 × 16(a4b2)2 = 2048 × a⁷b⁸

Calculation:

(24 – √3)

24 - 1.732      (∵ √3 = 1.732)

∴ (24 – √3) = 22.268

Calculation:

8 √4 × 16 √4 = 8(2) × 16(2)

⇒ 16 × 32 = 512 

Hence, the correct answer is 512.

Given:

Shreya's speed = 14km/hr instead of 7 km/hr, Distance covered = 20 km more.

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Since the time taken is constant in both cases,

Ratio of speeds = 7 : 14 = 1 : 2

Ratio of distance = 1 : 2

Here, change in distance = 1 unit = 20 km

Also, Original distance = 1 unit = 20 km

Hence the correct answer is 20 km.

Shortcut Trick

Net deviation of new students from the original average = (20 − 30) + (24 − 30) = −10 − 6 = −16 kg.

Total number of students now = 14 + 2 = 16.

Change in average = −16 ÷ 16 = −1 kg.

New average weight = 30 − 1 = 29 kg.

∴ The correct answer is 29 kg.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of initial students = 14

Initial average weight = 30 kg

Weights of new students = 20 kg and 24 kg

Formula Used:

Average = Total Sum ÷ Total Number of Items

14 Students Avg = 30 kg

2 Students 20 kg, 24 kg

16 Students New Avg = ?

Calculations:

⇒ Total weight of initial 14 students = 14 × 30 = 420 kg

⇒ Total weight of the 2 new students = 20 + 24 = 44 kg

⇒ New total weight of the class = 420 + 44 = 464 kg

⇒ Total number of students in the class = 14 + 2 = 16

⇒ New average weight = 464 ÷ 16

⇒ New average weight = 29 kg

∴ The correct answer is 29 kg.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

When combining two or more groups, the overall combined average is calculated using the formula: A_w = (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Net Deviation Method

When new items are added to a group, the change in the average is simply the sum of the deviations of the new items from the old average, divided by the new total number of items.

Properties of Average

If every observation in a set is increased or decreased by a constant value 'k', the new average of the set also strictly increases or decreases by that exact value 'k'.

Given:

Distance between policeman and thief = 68 meters.

Speed of policeman & thief = 4 m/s and 9 m/s respectively

Formula Used:

Time taken = Distance/Speed

Relative speed = (a - b) km/hr

Where, a = speed of a policeman & b = speed of a thief

Calculation:

Relative speed = (9 - 4) m/s = 5 m/s

Time taken for the policeman to catch the thief = 68/5 = 13.6 seconds.

Hence, the correct answer is 13.6 seconds.

Shortcut Trick

Rate of Interest (R) = 40% ÷ 4 = 10% per annum.

For Compound Interest at 10% for 3 years, the effective rate is 33.1%.

CI = 14000 × 33.1% = 140 × 33.1 = 4634.

∴ The correct answer is Rs 4634.

Alternate Method

Given: Increase in sum = 40%, Time (T₁) = 4 years, Principal (P₂) = Rs 14000, Time (T₂) = 3 years.

Formula Used: SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100; CI = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]

⇒ Let Principal (P₁) = 100

⇒ SI = 40% of 100 = 40

⇒ 40 = (100 × R × 4) ÷ 100

⇒ R = 40 ÷ 4 = 10%

⇒ For CI: P = 14000, R = 10%, T = 3

⇒ CI = 14000 × [(1 + 10/100)³ − 1]

⇒ CI = 14000 × [(11/10)³ − 1]

⇒ CI = 14000 × [1331/1000 − 1]

⇒ CI = 14000 × [331/1000]

⇒ CI = 14 × 331 = 4634

∴ The correct answer is Rs 4634.

Additional Information

Effective Rate for CI

For 10% rate, effective CI rates are: 2 years = 21%, 3 years = 33.1%, 4 years = 46.41%.

SI vs CI Difference

Difference for 3 years = P(R/100)² × (300 + R)/100.

Formula Used:

Original Amount = Final Amount/(1 - reduced%)

Calculation:

According to the above formula,

Original Amount = 160/(1 - 60/100)

⇒ Original Amount = 160/(1 - 0.6)

∴ Original Amount = 160/0.4 = Rs. 400

Given:

CP of 6 mangoes = Rs. 24

SP of 3 mangoes = Rs. 18

Formula Used:

Profit% or, loss% = [(Profit or loss)× 100]/CP

Calculation:

CP of 1 mango = 24/6 = Rs. 4

SP of 1 mango = 18/3 = Rs. 6

As SP is greater than CP. So,

Profit = SP - CP

⇒ Profit = 6 - 4 = Rs. 2

So, Profit% = (2 × 100)/4 = 50%

∴ The percentage profit is 50%.

Given:

Jason alone can complete a work in 20 days

Jason and Jamal together do the same work in 9 days

Formula Used:

Time taken = Total work/Efficiency

Calculations:

Total work = LCM of 20 and 9 = 180

Efficiency of Jason = 180/20 = 9

Efficiency of Jason and Jamal together = 180/9 = 20

Efficiency of Jamal = (Efficiency of both) - (Efficiency of Jason)

⇒ Efficiency of Jamal = 20 - 9 = 11

Now, time taken by Jamal = total work/efficiency of Jamal

Time taken = 180/11 = 16(4/11) days

∴ Jamal alone can complete a work in \(16\frac{4}{11}\) days.

Formula Used:

Average = Sum of obsevations/Total number

Calculations:

Using above formula,

Average = (13 + 42 + 22 + 35 + 68)/5

⇒ Average = 180/5 = 36

∴ The average of 13, 42, 22, 35, and 68 is 36.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of shares A : B : C : D = 7 : 5 : 4 : 2

Difference between C and D in ratio units = 4 − 2 = 2 units.

Given, 2 units = Rs 500 ⇒ 1 unit = Rs 250.

Share of B = 5 units = 5 × 250 = Rs 1250.

∴ The correct answer is Rs 1250.

Alternate Method

Given: Ratio of shares = 7 : 5 : 4 : 2 and C gets Rs 500 more than D.

Let the shares of A, B, C, and D be 7x, 5x, 4x, and 2x respectively.

According to the question:

⇒ Share of C − Share of D = 500

⇒ 4x − 2x = 500

⇒ 2x = 500

⇒ x = 500 ÷ 2

⇒ x = 250

Now, we need to find the share of B:

⇒ Share of B = 5x

⇒ Share of B = 5 × 250

⇒ Share of B = 1250

∴ The correct answer is Rs 1250.

Additional Information

Ratio and Proportion

A ratio compares two quantities of the same unit. If a : b = c : d, then they are in proportion, and product of extremes (a×d) = product of means (b×c).

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is calculated as x = √(a × b).

Compound Ratio

For ratios (a : b) and (c : d), the compound ratio is (a × c) : (b × d).

Invertendo and Alternendo

If a/b = c/d, then b/a = d/c (Invertendo) and a/c = b/d (Alternendo).

The correct answer for first question is “A camera is used to take nice pictures.”

Key Points

• The original sentence is in active voice, wherein "They" is the subject, "use" is the verb, and "camera" is the object.
• In converting an active to passive voice, the object in active voice becomes the new subject in passive voice. The structure of the sentence also changes.
• Option 4, "A camera is used to take nice pictures," accurately represents the passive voice of the original sentence. The camera has indeed become the new subject and ‘is used’ is the new verb, keeping the tense similar to the original active voice.
• The other options do not appropriately change the sentence to passive voice, they either change the tense or do not convey the same message as the original active sentence.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘Option 4’.

The correct word for the second question is "too." 

Key Points

• The sentence is describing the size of the shoes, so we need an adjective that correctly fits this context.
• Here, we need a word to intensify the adjective "small", implying that the shoes are excessively small for her.
• The word "too" works perfectly in this context since it conveys the sense of excessiveness.
• The other given words "one", "to", and "two" do not fit in this context as they don't amplify the adjective and hence don't make grammatical sense.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The correct answer for the third question is “My mother said that she never got up late.” 

Key Points

• The original speech is in the present, "I never get up late, my mother said."
• When converting this direct speech into an indirect form, we need to change the present to the past to maintain the same verb tense.
• "My mother said that she never got up late" adheres to these rules, whereas the other options present tense issues and aren't grammatically correct.
• The verb 'get' has been correctly changed to 'got' in the past tense.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

The correct answer for the fourth question is “She said she might come early.” 

 Key Points

• In changing from direct to indirect speech, the tense should remain the same, and the statement should accurately reflect the original message.
• The option "She said she might come early" directly quotes the words of the speaker without the use of commas or quotation marks, thus correctly turning the sentence into indirect speech.
• Other options provide an inept tense transformation or do not maintain the message of the original sentence.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct replaceable Idiom for the fifth statement is "cut corners." 

 Key Points

• The highlighted text in the sentence represents an idea of attempting to save effort, time, or cost, usually in a manner deemed unacceptable.
• The idiom "cut corners" implies this exact concept of doing something the quickest, cheapest, or easiest way, often hurting the quality of the end result.
• The other idioms like "Eat like a horse", "A snowball effect", and "Boil the ocean" don't represent the same meaning and would not be suitable in the context of the given sentence.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is "Decent". 

 Key Points

• "Mediocre" means only of moderate quality; not very good. (माध्यमिक)
• "Decent" means of an acceptable standard; satisfactory which is similar to mediocre. (स्वीकार्य) Example Sentence: Alice gave a mediocre performance in the concert today. Synonym Example Sentence: Bob worked decently in the project assigned to him. Hence, the option that is similar in meaning to the given word "Mediocre" is 'Decent'.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 4’.

 Additional Information

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• "Superior" means higher in rank, status, or quality. (उच्च)
• "Excellent" means extraordinarily good or great. (उत्कृष्ट)
• "Outstanding" means markedly superior or excellent. (असाधारण)

The correct answer is "enviroment"

 Key Points

• The word "enviroment" is spelled incorrectly. The correct spelling is "environment".
• The word 'environment' refers to the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. Therefore it plays a fundamental role in the context of the sentence.
• It's essential to note how spelling errors can completely alter the intended meaning of a sentence, making it potentially confusing or unclear to the reader.
• Moreover, spelling mistakes degrade the quality of the write-up, hampering the clarity of the communication process, even in business communication, as depicted in this sentence.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The correct answer is "intigral"

 Key Points

• The word "intigral" is spelled incorrectly. The correct spelling is "integral".
• The term 'integral' implies something essential or fundamental to the functioning or effectiveness of a whole.
• Correct spellings are critical to ensure the sentence is understood as the author intended. In this case, using the word "integral" helps to stress the importance of social media marketing to the overall business strategy.
• Spelling a word incorrectly like 'intigral' could cause miscommunication, misunderstandings, and mistakes, which could be harmful in a business context.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The correct answer is "see"

 Key Points

• The appropriate word in the context of the sentence is "see", which refers to a future instance of meeting or encountering someone.
• The other options, "saw" and "seen", are past tense and past participle forms of the verb "see", respectively. These options are not appropriate because the sentence is in the future tense.
• The word "sea" is a noun referring to the large body of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface, so it's not applicable or correct in this context.
• Therefore, using "see" ensures the sentence is grammatically correct and conveys the planned intent to meet someone at a future occasion.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The correct answer is "announcing"

 Key Points

• The verb "announcing" should be changed to "announced" for the sentence to be grammatically correct.
• The sentence currently implies an ongoing action (announcing) without a clear doer of the action. The correct form should involve the host having previously announced the winner, hence "announced".
• This change ensures the sentence has a clear subject (host), verb (announced), and object (winner of the competition), which are components of a complete sentence.
• Correct grammar is essential in conveying the accurate message of a sentence. In this case, using the past tense verb form "announced" clears up the timing of the action related to the competition.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is "burning your bridges"

 Key Points

• The idiom "burning your bridges" is the most appropriate replacement for the highlighted text. It means to do something that makes it impossible to return to an earlier state, situation, or relationship.
• Using idioms correctly brings more nuance to communication and can provide more impact and insight. The idiom "burning your bridges" precisely conveys the irreversible effect of insulting the boss as mentioned in the sentence.
• The other idiom options do not accurately reflect the given context. "Run around in circles" means to keep doing something without getting any significant result; "Blow hot and cold" means to change one's mind frequently; "sell like hot cakes" means to sell quickly or in large quantities. None of these idioms can depict the consequence of the action that the sentence tries to inform.
• Hence, replacing the highlighted text with the idiom "burning your bridges" ensures the sentence keeps its intended meaning and is more effective in delivering it.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The correct answer is "Nasty".

 Key Points

• "Unpleasant" means causing discomfort, unhappiness, or revulsion; disagreeable. (अप्रिय)
• "Nasty" means highly unpleasant, involving harmful or dangerous substance which is similar to unpleasant. (कुरूप) Example Sentence: The smell coming out from the dustbin was very unpleasant. Synonym Example Sentence: The nasty weather spoiled our vacation plans today. Hence, the option that is similar in meaning to the given word "Unpleasant" is 'Nasty'.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 4’.

 Additional Information

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• "Pleasurable" means causing a feeling of happy satisfaction or enjoyment. (आनन्दी)
• "Agreeable" means pleasant or pleasing. (मनोहार)
• "Satisfying" means meeting expectations or needs; acceptable, though not outstanding or perfect. (संतोषजनक

The correct answer is "Praise".

 Key Points

• "Commend" is a verb which means to express approval of, to praise, or to congratulate. It's often used when speaking about someone's admirable actions or achievements. (Commend का अर्थ है स्वीकार करना, प्रशंसा करना, या बधाई देना। यह मुख्य रूप से किसी की प्रशंसनीय कार्यों या उपलब्धियों के बारे में बात करते समय उपयोग होता है।)
• "Praise" is also a verb which means to express warm approval or admiration of someone or something. It could be for a job well done, or for qualities you appreciate in another individual. (Praise का अर्थ है किसी व्यक्ति या चीज़ की गर्मजोशी से अनुरोध या प्रशंसा करना। यह अच्छे काम के लिए, या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति में आपकी प्रशंसा के गुणों के लिए हो सकता है।)
• Example sentences:
• Commend:
• The teacher took this opportunity to commend the student on his improved behavior.
• Praise:
• The manager didn't hesitate to praise Emma for her fantastic presentation.

Hence, the option that is similar in meaning to the given word is 'Praise’. Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 1’.

 Additional Information

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• "Hold" mainly means to grasp, carry, or support with one's arms or hands. (Hold का मुख्य रूप से अर्थ है अपने हाथों या हाथों से पकड़ना, उठाना, या सहारा देना।)
• "Retain" means to continue to have something; to keep possession of. (Retain का अर्थ है कुछ रखने का जारी रखना; स्वामित्व बनाए रखना।)
• "Keep" means to retain possession of; to hold onto. (Keep का अर्थ है स्वामित्व बनाए रखना; पकड़े रहना।)

The correct answer is "Amazed".

 Key Points

• "Astonished" means greatly surprised or impressed; amazed. (आश्चर्यचकित)
• "Amazed" means greatly surprised or astounded; suddenly filled with wonder, which is similar to astonished. (विस्मित) Example Sentence: She was astonished to see a giraffe in her backyard. Synonym Example Sentence: He was amazed to find a diamond ring while digging the garden. Hence, the option that is similar in meaning to the given word "Astonished" is 'Amazed'.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 3’.

 Additional Information

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• "Informal" means having a relaxed, friendly, or unofficial style or nature. (अनौपचारिक)
• "Casual" means relaxed and unconcerned. (आकस्मिक)
• "Conscious" means aware of and responding to one's surroundings. (सचेत)

The correct answer is "adopts".

 Key Points

• The action word "adopts" should be in the past tense to match the rest of the sentence, which is also in past tense.
• The past tense form "decided" sets the time frame of the action. So, the verb that follows "decided" should also be in past tense to maintain consistency.
• The correct form of the verb should thus be "adopt" which confirms to both the number of the subject ("they") and the tense of the sentence.
• Therefore, replacing "adopts" with "adopt" (They decided to adopt a rescue dog.) would make the sentence grammatically correct.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is "Extremely happy about something".

 Key Points

• The idiom "on cloud nine" generally refers to the state of feeling ecstatic or blissfully happy. It denotes an intense state of happiness or euphoria.
• This expression likely originates from the weather world. On a Cloud Nine, it could refer to "cumulonimbus" clouds, the tallest of all clouds which reach nine miles high and are associated with feelings of elation.
• The idiom does not refer to a comfortable situation (real or metaphorical), confusion, or stressful situation. Those are different emotional states, and thus not reflected by this idiom.
• Hence, the phrase "on cloud nine" is used to describe a person who is immensely overjoyed or euphorically happy with a situation or accomplishment.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is "communnications".

 Key Points

• The spelling of "communnications" in the original sentence is incorrect. The correctly spelled English word is "communications".
• The term "communications" refers to the process of exchanging information and ideas through speaking, writing, or using some other medium.
• All the other words ("Internet", "technologies", and "billions") are correctly spelled in the sentence.
• Therefore, correcting the spelling error (from "communnications" to "communications") would improve the coherence of the sentence and eliminate the spelling error, making the sentence precisely correct.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is "Intend".

 Key Points

• The word "Aspire" means to have a hope or ambition of achieving something or to aim for a goal. (उद्देश्य या लक्ष्य की ओर अग्रसर होने की इच्छा या महत्वाकांक्षा होना।)
• The word "Intend" means to have something in mind as a plan or goal. This term describes the state of one's mind with respect to some purpose aimed at and hence, it's a synonym of "Aspire". (किसी योजना या लक्ष्य के रूप में मन में कुछ रखना। यह शब्द किसी उद्देश्य के प्रति अपने मन की स्थिति का वर्णन करता है और इसलिए यह "अस्पायर" का पर्यायी शब्द है।)
• Example Sentence for Aspire:
• He aspires to become a successful entrepreneur.
• Example Sentence for Intend:
• She intends to open her own bakery in the city.

Hence, the option that is similar in meaning to the given word is 'Intend'. Therefore, the correct answer is ‘Option 2’.

 Additional Information

• Let's have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• "Drop" means to let something fall or to decrease. (कुछ गिरने देना या कम करना।)
• "Decline" means to become smaller, fewer, or less; decrease. (कम होना, थोड़ा होना या कम होना; कमी।)
• "Descend" means to move or fall downward. (नीचे जाना या गिरना।)

The correct answer is “No correction required".

 Key Points

• The sentence is perfectly structured and is grammatically correct. It follows the correct usage of the present continuous tense, which is used to describe actions that are occurring at the current moment.
• "The children" is the subject of the sentence, "are making" is the verb phrase indicating ongoing action, and "a lot of noise" is the object of the sentence, indicating what action is being taken by the subject.
• "In the classroom" is a prepositional phrase adding some context and location to the ongoing action, which is perfectly appropriate in this sentence.
• Each element of the sentence is correctly used and is in its correct place according to English grammar and syntax rules.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.