BSSC Inter Level Pre PYP (5th Feb 2017) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is C. D. Deshmukh.

Key Points

• The first Indian governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) appointed by the British in 1943 was C D Deshmukh.
• The executive board of RBI consists of 1 governor, 4 deputy governors, and other executive officers.
• Shaktikanta Das is the 25^th and current Governor of RBI.
• Rabi Shankar, Swaminathan Janakiraman, Michael Patra, and Rajeshwar Rao are the deputy governors of the central bank.

Additional Information

• RBI was established in April 1935 with a share capital of Rs. 5 crores on the basis of the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission. 
• The central office of RBI was initially established in Calcutta but was permanently moved to Mumbai in 1937.
• It is fully owned by the Government of India.

The correct answer is IIT Bombay.

Key Points

• ​The Indian sign of the rupee ‘₹’ is the currency symbol for the Indian rupee, India's official currency.
• Designed by Udaya Kumar, it was unveiled to the public on 15 July 2010 by the Government of India, following its selection through an "open" competition between Indian citizens.
• The symbol ‘₹’ is an amalgamation of Devnagari and Roman languages.
• It has been designed by Udaya Kumar, a post-graduate from IIT Bombay.

The correct answer is all of the above.

Key Points

• The Department of Currency Management has the responsibility of administering the functions of currency management.
• This is a major function of the Reserve Bank as per the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
• Two of the currency note printing presses are owned by the Government of India and two are owned by the Reserve Bank through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Reserve Bank of India Note Mudran Limited (BRBNML).
• Currency Note Press, Nashik
• Bank Note Press, Dewas.
• In India, four printing presses are for printing and supply of Banknotes.
• Dewas in Madhya Pradesh,
• Nasik in Maharashtra (owned by Security Printing & Minting Corporation of India Limited (SPMCIL)),
• Mysore in Karnataka, and
• Salboni in West Bengal (owned by Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited (BRBNMPL)).

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• Tamil Nadu -
• It is the sixth-largest populated state in the country.
• It covers 5.96% of the total population of the country.
• Tamil Nadu is spread over 130058 km²(As per the 2011 census).

Additional Information

• ​Uttar Pradesh -
• It is the most populous state in India.
• It covers 16.51% of the total population of the country.
• It is spread over an area of ​​240928 km².
• Maharashtra -
• Maharashtra is the second most populous state in the country.
• It covers 9.28% of the total population of the country.
• The total area of ​​Maharashtra is 307713 km².
• Bihar -
• It is the third-largest populous state in the country.
• It covers 8.6% of the total population of the country.
• West Bengal -
• It is the fourth largest populous state in the country, which covers 7.54% of the total population of the country.
• The total area of ​​West Bengal is 88752 km².

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• State with the highest population density: Bihar
• Union Territory with Highest Population Density: Delhi
• State with the lowest population density: Arunachal Pradesh
• Union Territory with Lowest Population Density: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Highest Density District: Mumbai City
• Lowest density district: Lahaul and Spiti

Important Points

• The ratio of people to units of the land area is generally referred to as population density.
• It is calculated by dividing the total population of a country by the total area of the country.
• India's Population Density in 2011 increased to 382 per square kilometer.

The correct answer is Param 8000.

Key Points

• India's first supercomputer is PARAM 8000.
• Developed in 1991, it is a series of gigaflop supercomputers developed by Vijay P Bhaktar, who is known as the "architect of India's initiative in supercomputing".
• PARAM stands for 'PARAllel Machine' and was developed by the Center for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC).

Important Points

• Aditya is an IBM iDataPlex supercomputer. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology uses it for research and development.
• SAGA-220 is a supercomputer manufactured by the Indian Space Research Organization. It was unveiled on 2 May 2011 by Dr. K. Radhakrishnan, Chairman, ISRO.

The correct answer is 2012.

Key Points

• 4G was introduced in the year 2012.

Additional Information

• Establishment of Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) -
• It was established in 1997 with the aim of protecting the rights of the customers and looking after the companies and the government.
• It improves telecom service, uniformity of tariffs, and DTH, and controls the portability of mobile numbers, etc.
• Mobile service -
• It was started in India for the first time on 1st July 1995.

The correct answer is FTSE 100.

Key Points

• **FTSE -**​
• It is an acronym for the "Financial Times Stock Exchange".
• It is a stock index of the 100 companies with the highest market capitalization listed on the London Stock Exchange.

Additional Information

• World Famous Share Price Index -
• | Share Price Index | Stock Exchanges | | --- | --- | | SET | Thailand | | STOXX | Europe | | JCI | Indonesia | | Nikkei | Japan | | Dow Jones | Newyork |

The correct answer is Malviya.

Key Points

• Madan Mohan Malaviya served as the President of the Indian National Congress on four separate occasions, with his first term beginning in 1909. As a moderate leader, he opposed the concept of separate electorates for Muslims, which was a cornerstone of the Lucknow Pact of 1916.
• He was conferred the title of "Mahamana" by Gandhi.
• Malviya's consciousness of the masses led to the launch of his Hindi-language weekly,
• The Abhyudaya
• The Leader of Allahabad,
• An English-language daily
• The Hindi monthly The Maryada

Additional Information

The correct answer is Devika Rani.

Key Points

• Devika Rani is also called the first lady of Indian cinema.
• Devika was one of the most popular names in the 1930s when Bollywood was born.

Important Points

• The first talkies film Alam Ara was produced by Ardeshir Irani in 1931.
• Dadasaheb Phalke, the producer of India's first indigenous feature film Raja Harichandra (1913), is considered the father of Indian cinema.
• Indians who won Oscars - Bhanu Athaiya, Satyajit Ray, Resul Pookutty, A.R. Rahman, and Gulzar.
• The Film Division was constituted in January 1948.
• Its HQ is located in Mumbai.
• Central Board of Film certification was set up under the Cinematograph Act 1952.

The correct answer is Sweden.

Key Points

• In 1990, Finland became the first country in the world to introduce a CO2 tax.
• Subsequently, Sweden and Britain implemented this process on their lands in 1991.

Additional Information

• Carbon tax -
• This tax is a form of tax on pollution.
• In this, tariffs are levied on the production, distribution, and use of fossil fuels based on the number of carbon emissions.
• It is an indirect tax.
• This tax will increase the price of fossil fuels.
• In this, high-emission fuels like coal will be taxed more.
• This tax will reduce the demand for high-carbon emission fuels and increase the demand for lower-emission fuels such as natural gas.

The correct answer is New Zealand.

Key Points

• Kiwi is species of flightless bird belonging to the genus Apteryx and found in New Zealand.
• The name is a Māori word referring to the shrill call of the male.

Important PointsList of National Birds of Neighboring Countries:

The correct answer is Real.

Key Points

• The currency in Brazil is called the Real (BRL).
• This money started being used in Rio in 1994 and it was a good move as it greatly reduced inflation.

Additional Information

• The Ruble is the official currency of the Russian Federation.
• The ruble is divided into 100 kopecks.
• The first Russian ruble replaced the Soviet ruble in September 1993.
• The Saudi Riyal is the currency of Saudi Arabia.
• It is abbreviated as SAR.

The correct answer is Kolkata.

Key Points

• The nickname of Kolkata is "City of Palaces".
• There are many amazingly beautiful Havelis and palaces in the city.
• The buildings were designed and inspired by the tastes of the surrounding English gentleman and aspiring Bengali babu.
• Several palatial mansions were built throughout the main city called the city the City of Palaces.

Important Points

The correct answer is Vijay Malaya.

Key Points

• Vijay Mallya is known as the "King of the Good Times"
• Due to his extravagant lifestyle, once his airline was in trouble, Mallya sold most of the United Spirits to Diageo and about 40% of the brewing empire to Heineken.

The correct answer is Harsha.

Key Points

• Mumbai's first and India's second test tube baby is Harsha Chavda.
• Harsha was born on August 6, 1986, through in vitro fertilization.

Additional Information

• India's first test tube baby was born on 3 October 1978 to a baby girl named "Durga".
• This was the second test tube baby in the world.
• It was born on the day of Durga Puja, hence people named it Durga.
• Her real name is "Kanupriya Agarwal".
• The name of the world's first baby to be born with IVF (Test Tube Baby) technology was "Louis Jay Brown".

The correct answer is Durga Banerjee.

Key Points

• After joining the Air Survey of India, Captain Durba Banerjee joined Indian Airlines in 1956 in Calcutta, where she became India's first woman commercial pilot.

Important Points

• Some important women in India:
• Sarojini Naidu was the first woman governor of an Indian state.
• The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian state was Mrs. Sucheta Kriplani.
• Justice Leela Seth was the first woman to be appointed as the Chief Justice of a High Court.
• The first woman to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court was Justice M Fatima Biwi.

The correct answer is SBI.

Key Points

• State Bank of India (SBI) has announced a free doorstep banking service for its differently-abled customers.
• Customers can avail of this service for free thrice a month.

Additional Information

• ​Through SBI's Doorstep Banking facility, you can order a minimum of Rs 1,000 and a maximum of Rs 20,000 sitting at home.
• ICICI Bank -
• It is India's premier banking and financial services institution.
• It is the third largest bank in India and its headquarter is in Vadodara.
• Yes, Bank -
• It is an Indian private-sector bank and its headquarter is in Mumbai.
• It was founded in 2004 by Rana Kapoor and Ashok Kapoor.
• ​HDFC -
• Its headquartered in Mumbai.
• It is India's largest private sector bank by assets.
• The world's 10th largest bank by market capitalization as of April 2021.

The correct answer is Phanishwarnath 'Renu'.

Key Points

• Phanishwar Nath Renu was born on 4 March 1921 at village Aurahi Hingna near Forbesganj, in Araria district Bihar.
• He was educated in India and Nepal.
• Phanishwar Nath Renu ushered in the Anchalik-katha of Hindi. writing.

Literary Works-

• Novels- 
• Maila Anchal
• Parti Parikatha
• Juloos
• Story collection-
• Thumri, 1959
• Ek Aadim Ratri ki Mahak, 1967
• Agnikhor, 1973

Additional Information

The correct answer is Namwar Singh.

Key Points

• Namvar Singh was a famous critic of Hindi literature.
• Namvar Singh (28 July 1926 – 19 February 2019) was an Indian literary critic, linguist, academician and theoretician.
• He received his doctorate degree from Banaras Hindu University where he also taught for some time.
• He served as a professor of Hindi literature in several other universities.
• He was the founder and first chairman of Jawaharlal Nehru University's Centre of Indian Languages.

Literary Work-

• Kavita Ke Naye Pratiman
• Chhayavaad
• Dusari Parampara Ki khoj
• Itihaas Aur Alochana

Additional Information

• Hari Shankar Parsai (August 22, 1924 – August 10, 1995)- 
• Harishankar Parsai was a famous Hindi writer and satirist.
• He was born in Jamani, Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh.
• He is the first Hindi writer who gave satire the status of a genre.
• Major Works- Hanste hain Rote Hain, Rani Nagphani ki Kahani, Premchand ke Fate Joote
• Jai Shankar Prasad (30 January 1889 – 15 November 1937)-
• He was a Hindi poet, playwright, story writer, novelist and essay-writer.
• He is one of the four major pillars of the Chhayavadi era of Hindi.
• Major Works- Kamayni, Jharna, Aansoo, Lahar
• Nirala (February 21, 1899 – October 15, 1961)- 
• 'Nirala' is considered one of the four major pillars of the Chhayavadi era of Hindi poetry.
• He has also written many stories, novels and essays, but his fame is mainly due to poetry.
• Major Work- Anamika, Parimal, Geetika, Anamika (Dwiteey), Tulsidas

The correct answer is Jayasi.

Key Points

• Padmavat is an epic poem written in 1540 by the Sufi poet Malik Muhammad Jayasi, who wrote it in the Hindustani language of Awadhi, and originally in the Persian nastic script.
• It is the oldest extant text among the important works in Awadhi.
• He wrote it in the Hindustani language of Awadhi and originally in the Persian script.
• The oldest manuscript of Padmavat is written in several different scripts including Kaithi, Nagari, and Nastik.
• The Kaithi manuscripts contain a large number of additional verses and are often incomplete or poorly written.

The correct answer is George Martin.

Key Points

• Game of Thrones -
• David Benioff and D.B. is an American fantasy drama television series produced by Weiss.
• The play is based on George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels "A Song of Ice and Fire".
• Its first episode was shown on HBO on April 17, 2011.

Additional Information

• ​ R. Andrade -
• She is a Brazilian artistic gymnast.
• She is the 2020 Olympic and 2021 World champion on the vault.
• Andrade is the first Brazilian female gymnast to medal at an Olympic Games.
• She is only the second Brazilian woman to win a gold medal at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.
• Sue Grafton -
• She was an American author of detective novels.
• She is best known as the author of the "alphabet series".
• David Baldacci is an American novelist.

The correct answer is Ramachandra Guha.

Key Points

• The book 'India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy' by Indian historian Ramachandra Guha.
• This book explains the history of post-independence India.
• Ramachandra Guha's important books: - Gandhi Before India, Gandhi: The Years That Changed the World, Democrats, and Dissenters.

The correct answer is Veer Savarkar.

Key Points

• Vinayak Damodar Savarkar -
• He was a great revolutionary, freedom fighter, nationalist leader, and thinker of India.
• A great deal of credit for developing the political ideology of Hindu nationalism ('Hindutva') goes to Savarkar.
• In 1904, he founded a revolutionary organization called Abhinav Bharat.
• Under the Nashik Conspiracy Case, he was sent to the Cellular Jail on 7 April 1911 on the punishment of black water.
• He remained in the Port Blair jail from July 4, 1911, to May 21, 1921.

Additional Information

• ​Jai Prakash Narayan -
• He was an Indian freedom fighter and politician.
• He is best known for leading the opposition against Indira Gandhi in 1970.
• To remove Indira Gandhi, he started a movement called 'Sampoorna Kranti'.
• ​Anna Hazare -
• ​His full name is "Kisan Baburao Hazare".
• He is an Indian social worker.
• Most people know him as "Anna Hazare".
• Anna started a fast unto death on 16 August 2011 to get the Jan Lokpal Bill passed.

The correct answer is Ray Tomlinson.

Key Points

• It was the first time Ray Tomlinson chose to use it (@) in his new e-mail system.
• The symbol chosen by him @ is being used for e-mail addresses all over the world today.

Additional Information

• ​Shiva Ayyadurai -
• He is an Indian-American scientist, engineer, and entrepreneur.
• He is notable for his controversial claim to be the inventor of "email",
• Bill Gates -
• Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft, the world's largest software company, in 1975 with Paul Allen.
• ​Steve Job (Steven Paul) -
• He was an American business tycoon and inventor.
• He was the co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc.

The correct answer is Economics.

Key Points

• Amartya Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1998 "for his contribution to welfare economics".
• Amartya Sen, the eminent Indian economist, and philosopher from Dhaka was born in a Bengali family in 1933.
• It was the great Rabindranath Tagore who gave him the name "Omorto" which means immortal.
• Amartya Sen released TM Krishna's book A Southern Music in Chennai.
• He also worked with the United Nations Development Program to develop the Human Development Index.

The correct answer is West Bengal.

Key Points

• Chhau dance in three distinct styles is practiced in the Beli, a contiguous tribe of Orissa (Mayurbhanj), Bihar (Seraikela), and West Bengal (Purulia).

Important Points

• Dance forms & their States:
• Bharatanatyam- Tamil Nadu.
• Kathak- Uttar Pradesh.
• Kathakali- Kerala.
• Kuchipudi- Andhra Pradesh.
• Odissi- Odisha.
• Sattriya- Assam.
• Manipuri- Manipur.
• Mohiniyattam- Kerala.

The correct answer is Shehnai.

Key Points

• Bismillah Khan, original name Kamaruddin Khan is an Indian musician who played the shehnai.
• Shehnai is a musical instrument that is similar to the oboe (common in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.)
• He was felicitated with several awards including:
• Padma Shri in 1961
• Padma Bhushan in 1968
• Padma Vibhushan in 1980
• Bharat Ratna in 2001

The correct answer is Thumri.

Key Points

• Thumri - 
• It is a singing style of Indian classical music.
• Its origin is believed to be from the court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Lucknow.
• The famous Thumri singer of Banaras is Pt. Channu Lal Mishra.

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Additional Information

• ​​Qawwali -
• It emerged as a stream of devotional music within the Sufism and Sufi tradition in the Indian subcontinent.
• Its history is more than 700 years old.
• It is a popular form of music in many other countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
• Its international character came to the fore with the singing of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and others.
• Ghazal -
• ​It is a famous poetic form of Arabic literature.
• It later became extremely popular in Persian, Urdu, Nepali, and Hindi literature as well.
• In the field of music, a different style was created for singing this genre by mixing Iranian and Indian music.
• Dadra -
• It is associated with Hindustani classical music.

The correct answer is Motilal Nehru.

Key Points

• On 1 January 1923, CR Das formed the "Swaraj Party" with Motilal Nehru and became its leader in the Bengal Legislative Assembly.
• Swaraj Party demanded the making of a constitution for India.
• The first session of the Swaraj Party was held in Allahabad.
• The Swaraj Party won an absolute majority in the 1923 Central Legislative Assembly election with over 40 seats.
• CR Das was the first President of the Swaraj Party.
• Motilal Nehru was the first secretary of the Swaraj Party.
• The Swaraj Party lost its influence after the death of C R Das in 1925.

The correct answer is Jhumpa Lahiri.

Key Points

• Jhumpa Lahiri now writes in Italian instead of English.
• In the mid-2000s, the Jhumpa Lahiri moved from America to Rome and began writing only in Italian.
• In 2016, she released a short book called In Altre Parole, explaining the attractions of writing in a new language.​

Important Points

• ​Jhumpa Lahiri:
• ​Born July 11, 1967, she is an American author best known for her short stories, essays, and novels in English and more recently, in Italian.
• She won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her debut collection of short stories Interpreter of Maladies (1999).
• Her first novel, The Namesake (2003), was adapted into the popular film of the same name.
• Her novels include:
• The Namesake (2003)
• The Lowland (2013)
• Dove mi trovo (in Italian), (2018)
• Whereabouts (2021)

Additional Information

• Vikram Seth is an Indian novelist and poet, who received several awards such as Padma Shri, Sahitya Academy Award, Pravasi Bharatiya Samman, WH Smith Literary Award, and Crossword Book Award.
• Kiran Desai is an Indian-born American author whose novel, The Inheritance of Loss (2006), became an international bestseller and won the 2006 Booker Prize.
• Arundhati Roy is an Indian author, best known for her novel The God of Small Things, which won the Man Booker Prize for Fiction in 1997.

The correct answer is Yuvraj.

• The Test of My Life is written by Yuvraj Singh.

Important Points

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• Tropic of Cancer in India passes through eight states Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
• It does not pass through the state of Bihar.
• The Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line that is at an angle of 23.50 degrees.
• It is north of the equator, which passes through the middle of India.
• The Tropic of Cancer passes through 17 countries and India is one of them.

The correct answer is Jamuna.

Key Points

• The Brahmaputra River enters India through Tibet via Arunachal Pradesh and flows through Assam and Bangladesh before joining the Bay of Bengal.
• At an altitude of 5300 m, the river originates from the Kailash ranges of the Himalayas.
• The catchment area of ​​the Brahmaputra in Tibet is 2,93,000 square kilometers.
• In Arunachal Pradesh, Brahmaputra is known by the name Dihang.
• The Brahmaputra enters India through the west of Sadiya town in Arunachal Pradesh.
• It is called Jamuna in Bengal and Bangladesh and Tsangpo in China and Tibet.

Additional Information

• The Padma River, the main channel of the Big Ganges (Ganges) River in Bangladesh

The correct answer is IV.

Key Points

• The Directive Principles of State Policy of India are the guidelines or principles given to the institutions to govern India and provided for in Part IV (Articles 36-51) of the Constitution of India.
• The source of the concept of Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) is the Spanish Constitution which is derived from the Irish Constitution.
• The concept of DPSP emerged from Article 45 of the Irish Constitution.

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Additional Information

• Article 40: The State shall take steps to organize village panchayats as units of Self Government
• Article 49: The State shall protect every monument or place of artistic or historic interest.
• Article 50: The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.

The correct answer is 8.

• Languages Included in the 8^th Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
• Initially, there were 14 official languages.
• Now, there are 22 official languages in the 8th schedule of the Indian constitution.
• Bodo, Dongri, Maithili, and Santhali were added to it by the 92nd Amendment Act of 2003.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 12.

Key Points

• Rajendra Prasad was the first President of the Republic of India (1950–62).
• He was also a companion of Mahatma Gandhi at the beginning of the non-cooperation movement for independence and was the President of the Indian National Congress (1934, 1939, and 1947).
• In 1957, Prasad was re-elected to the presidency, becoming the only president to serve two full terms. Prasad held the position for the longest period of about 12 years.

The correct answer is Ireland.

Key Points

• The source of the presidential election system in the Indian Constitution is the Constitution of Ireland.
• However, the removal process of the President was borrowed from the US constitution.
• Indian Constitution is a unique document drafted after the hard work of  2 years, 11 months and 18 days of the constituent assembly.​

Important Points

The correct answer is 2.

Key Points

• The maximum strength of the House is 552 members - 530 members to represent the states, 20 members to represent the union territories.

Additional Information

• Between 1952 and 2020, two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
• Both these members were nominated by the President of India on the advice of the Government of India.
• In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Assemblies of India were closed by the 126th Constitutional Amendment Bill of 2019, when it was enacted as the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.
• Hence, we conclude that a maximum of 0 members in Lok Sabha are nominated and not elected.

Note - This is Official BSSC Inter Level PYPs - 2017. At that time, 2 members of the Lok Sabha are nominated by the President.

The correct answer is Jai Prakash Narayan.

Key Points

• Jai Prakash Narayan presented the Sarvodaya scheme to the government in 1950.
• The Sarvodaya scheme was inspired by the Gandhian Plan and the Sarvodaya Idea of Vinoba Bhave.
• This plan emphasized agriculture and small & cottage industries and also self-reliance and little reliance on foreign capital and technology.
• Some of the plan's approved ideas gained popularity when the Indian government promoted five-year plans.

Additional Information

• The Gandhian Plan was formulated by Shriman Narayan Agarwal in 1944.
• The Bombay Plan was formulated by J.R.D. Tata, Purshotamdas Thakurdas and G.D. Birla in 1944-45.
• The People's Plan was formulated by M.N. Roy in 1945.

The correct answer is Myanmar.​

Key Points

• India shares its land boundary with China, Pakistan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Nepal.
• Bangladesh is the country with which India shares its largest land border.

Important PointsIndia has a land border of 15,106.7 km and a coastline of 7,516.6 km. The length of its land border with neighbouring countries is as follows:

The correct answer is 100%.

Key Points

• At present 100% foreign direct investment is allowed in railway infrastructure.
• The 100% FDI in railway infrastructure will be cleared through an automatic route without approval from the Foreign Investment Promotion Board.
• A foreign investor can invest up to 100% in most segments of rail infrastructure such as locomotive and rolling stock and dedicated freight lines, suburban rail, metro rail, Passenger terminals, Railway electrification, etc.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Lorenz Curve.

Key Points

• Lorenz Curve determines the income inequality of the people of a country.
• It is a graphical representation of the distribution of income or wealth within a population.
• The graph plots the percentiles of the population on the horizontal axis according to income or wealth.
• Lorenz in 1905 for representing inequality of the wealth distribution.
• The Gini coefficient is a statistical measure of inequality that describes how equal or unequal income or wealth is distributed in a country.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1995.

Key PointsThe National Highways Authority of India (NHAI):

• It was constituted by an Act of Parliament in 1988 under the administrative control of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.
• It is a central authority for the development, maintenance, and management of National Highways entrusted to it by NHAI.
• However, the authority became operational in February 1995.

The correct answer is Oilseeds.

Key Points

• Yellow revolution is related to oilseeds like mustard, groundnut, sesame, etc.
• Sam Pitroda is credited with the Yellow Revolution.
• This also resulted in a sudden increase in the production of edible oil due to the production of hybrid oilseeds.
• The Yellow Revolution started in 1986-87.

Important Points

The correct answer is ∼ 70.

Key Points

• India exports over 70% of its coffee production and 30% are consumed domestically.
• According to The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), India is the eighth largest exporter of coffee by volume.
• Italy and Germany are the main export destinations for Indian coffee.
• Italy and Germany together have purchased over 40% of Indian coffee.​

Important Points

• The climate in Southern India is very suitable for high yielding of coffee seeds with good quality soil.
• Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu are the biggest coffee-producing states in India.
• Karnataka accounted for 60% of the total production of coffee in the country.
• Robusta is the mainly produced coffee bean in Karnataka.
• Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia are the top three coffee-producing countries in the world.

The correct answer is England.

Key Points

• Durgapur Steel Plant is one of the integrated steel plants of Steel Authority of India Limited located at Durgapur in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal.
• It was established with the help of the United Kingdom.

Important Points

• Rourkela Steel Plant was established in collaboration with a German firm.
• It started in 1961.
• The Bhilai Steel Plant was established in September 1955 with technical assistance from the Soviet Union.

The correct answer is 2006-07.

Key Points

• GST was first mentioned in the 2006-07 budget.
• Union Finance Minister, in the 2006-07 Budget Speech, announced the introduction of GST from April 1, 2010.
• The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a very significant step in the field of indirect tax reforms in India.
• Currently, the types of GST in India are CGST (Central Goods and Services Tax), SGST (State Goods and Services Tax), and IGST (Integrated Goods and Services Tax).​

Important Points

The correct answer is Imperial Bank Of India.

Key Points

• Imperial Bank of India was one of the oldest and largest commercial banks in the Indian subcontinent and was later changed to the State Bank of India in 1955.
• Initially, by its royal charter, it served as the central bank for India.
• The headquarter of the bank is in Mumbai.

Additional Information

• Bank of India (BOI) is an Indian nationalized bank.
• It is owned by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India, headquartered at Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai.
• Established in 1906, it has been owned by the government since its nationalization in 1969.
• The Bank of Madras was one of the three Presidency banks in British India, along with the Bank of Bengal and the Bank of Bombay.
• It was established on 1 July 1843 through the amalgamation of several existing regional banks and is headquartered in Madras.
• The Bank of Bombay was the second of the three Presidency banks of the Raj period.
• It was established on 15 April 1840 according to a charter of the British East India Company.

The correct answer is 12th.

Key Points

• Twelfth Five-Year Plan:
• Its duration is from 2012 to 2017, under the leadership of Manmohan Singh.
• Its main theme is “Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth”.
• Its growth rate target was 8%.

Important Points

• The NDA government has dissolved the Planning Commission, which has been replaced by the NITI Aayog.
• Thus, there was no Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, however, a Five-Year Defense Plan was created.
• It is important to note that NITI Aayog documents have no financial role.
• They are only policy guide maps for the government.

The correct answer is protein.

Key Points

• Enzymes are basically proteins.
• Enzymes
• These are proteins comprised of amino acids linked together in one or more polypeptide chains.
• This sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is called the primary structure.
• It is also called a biological catalyst as it speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell.
• Each cell in the human body contains thousands of enzymes.
• They are not destroyed during the process and a cell can reuse each enzyme repeatedly.

Additional Information

• Some of the functions of an enzyme-
• Digestive system: Enzymes help the body break down larger complex molecules into smaller molecules, such as glucose so that the body can use them as fuel.
• DNA replication: Each cell in the body contains DNA. Each time a cell divides, the cell needs to copy its DNA. Enzymes help in this process by unwinding the DNA coils.
• Liver enzymes: The liver breaks down toxins in the body. To do this, it uses a range of enzymes that facilitate the process of destroying the toxins.
• Some of the digestive enzymes-
• Amylase breaks down starches and carbohydrates into sugars.
• Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
• Lipase breaks down lipids, which are fats and oils, into glycerol and fatty acids.

The correct answer is Concave lens.

Key Points

• Myopia is a disease in which the patient cannot see distant objects clearly. 
• In myopia, the eyeball is too long for the normal focusing power of the eye. As a result, images of distant objects appear blurred.
• The nearsighted (myopic) eye converges rays from a distant object in front of the retina; thus, they are diverging when they strike the retina, producing a blurry image.
• A concave lens (minus powered) is placed in front of a myopic eye, moving the image back to the retina and clarifying the image.

Additional Information

• Far-sightedness:
• ​Hypermetropia is a condition in which the individual can focus only on faraway objects which is why it is called long-sightedness or Far-sightedness.
• It can be corrected by a convex lens (converging lens).
• Presbyopia:​
• The power of accommodation of the eye decreases with ageing.
• People with the defect can't see nearby as well as distant objects distinctly.
• Thus, we can say that myopia and hypermetropia both occur simultaneously.
• Astigmatism:​
• This is an eye defect in which a blurred image is formed on the retina.
• It can be corrected by using spectacles, contact lenses, or by undergoing surgery.

The correct answer is Hygrometer.

Key Points

• The instrument used to measure relative humidity is the hygrometer.
• A hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the amount of water vapor in the air, in soil, or in confined spaces.
• Humidity measurement instruments usually rely on measurement of some other quantity such as temperature, pressure, mass, and mechanical or electrical changes in a substance as moisture is absorbed.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Violet.

Key Points

• Violet light has the shortest wavelength.
• White light is a combination of all the colors in the color spectrum.
• It has all the colors of the rainbow.
• The sequence of colors in light arranged from the shortest wavelength to the longest is called the visible spectrum of light.

Important Points

• Wavelength is the distance between similar points (adjacent vertices) in space or in adjacent cycles of a wave signal transmitted along a wire.
• In wireless systems, this length is usually specified in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm).

The correct answer is Joule.

Key Points

• Work is defined as the measure of the displacement of an object or point.
• Some common examples of force include biking uphill or moving something in the presence of Earth's gravity.
• It is denoted as W.
• The SI unit of work is the Joule (J).
• The joule is defined as the work done by the force of one newton to cause a displacement of one meter.
• Sometimes the Newton meter (N-m) is also used to measure work.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Distance.

Key Points

• Light year:
• The distance traveled by light in one year is called one light-year.
• It is the unit of astronomical distance.
• 1 light-year = 9.461 trillion kilometers which is a very large distance.
• The unit of length which is equal to 10⁻¹⁰ meters is called 1 Angstrom.
• It is denoted by Å.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Sound.

Key Points

• Electromagnetic waves or EM waves are waves that are produced as a result of vibration between an electric field and a magnetic field.
• In other words, EM waves are composed of oscillating magnetic and electric fields.
• It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
• All of these waves form part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronous oscillations of electric and magnetic fields.
• Electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic waves are generated due to the periodic change of electric or magnetic field​

Additional Information Gamma Rays: 

• The radioactive decay of atomic nuclei produces gamma radiation, a penetrating electromagnetic field.
• These electromagnetic waves have the shortest wavelengths.
• The wavelength range is < 10-3 nanometres.

X-ray:

• It is a quick, painless test that produces images of your bones and other body structures.
• The density of the material through which X-ray beams pass affects the amount of absorption of the beams.
• The wavelength range is 1 nanometre - 10-3 nanometres.

Infrared ray:

• It is used in heat-sensitive thermal imaging cameras and also in the study of human and animal body heat patterns.
• Night vision cameras which are used in warfare and security also use Infrared rays.
• The wavelength range is 25 micrometers - 2.5 micrometers.

Ultraviolet rays:

• It is emitted by the sun and forms non-ionizing radiation. it can also cause health problems if we get exposed to it directly.
• Use in industries and medical processes for different purposes like killing bacteria, creating fluorescent effects, etc.
• The wavelength range is 400 nanometres - 1 nanometre

The correct answer is 6.63 × 10-34.

Key Points

• Planck's constant, denoted as h, is a fundamental universal constant that defines the quantum nature of energy and links the energy of a photon to its frequency.
• In the International System of Units (SI), the constant value is 6.63 × 10-34 joule-hertz⁻¹ (or joule-second).
• The Planck constant, or Planck constant, is a fundamental physical constant of fundamental importance in quantum mechanics.
• The constant gives the relationship between a photon's energy and its frequency, and from the mass-energy equivalence, the relationship between mass and frequency.​

Additional Information

Planck’s constant

• It is a fundamental physical constant in quantum mechanics which is denoted by h.
• It relates the energy of a photon and its frequency by the equation,

E = hv

$h = \frac{E}{v}$

Where,

E - Energy

v - Frequency

h - Planck’s constant ($h=6.626 \times {10^{-34}} Js$)

• Dimensional formula for

Energy (E) - $[ML^{2}T^{-2}]$

Frequency (v) - $[T^{-1}]$

• The dimensional formula for Planck’s constant is given as

$h = \frac{ML^{2}T^{-2}}{T^{-1}}$

$h = [ML^{2}T^{-1}]$

The correct answer is Stem.

Key Points

• Turmeric is obtained from the stem part of the plant.
• Turmeric is the rhizome or underground stem of a plant such as ginger.
• The plant is a perennial, rhizomatous, herbaceous plant native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
• Turmeric powder has a hot, bitter, pepper
• Roots - Carrot, turnip, radish, sweet potato
• Stems - Potato, ginger, garlic, onion
• Leaves - Spinach, cabbage, lettuce

The correct answer is Magnetism.

Key Points

• The Curie point, also called the Curie temperature, is the temperature at which certain magnetic materials undergo a sharp change in their magnetic properties.
• The temperature at which magnetic materials lose their ferromagnetic characteristics is known as the Curie temperature.
• Simply saying, it is the temperature at which certain materials lose their permanent magnetic characteristics(ferromagnetism) and are replaced by induced magnetism(paramagnetism).
• Curie temperature is named after Pierre Curie, who discovered that magnetism vanishes at a certain temperature.
• At the curie temperature, hence, the ferromagnetic material loses its magnetism and becomes paramagnetic.
• In the case of rocks and minerals, the rest of the magnetism is visible below the Curie point – about 570 °C (1,060 °F) for the common magnetic mineral magnetite.

Important Points

• Low Temperature: If the magnet is at a lower temperature then the magnetization of the magnet will increase.
• When the material is in a low-temperature environment, the magnetic atoms automatically rearrange themselves to achieve ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, or revival of ferromagnetism.
• In the case of minerals, the ability to maintain magnetism is below the Curie point.
• High Temperature: If the magnet is at a high temperature then the magnetism of the magnet will be affected by the strength it possesses.
• This increase in temperature leads to conversion from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism, leading to an increase in temperature, known as the Curie temperature.

The correct answer is 2v.

Key Points

• When the object moves towards (or away from) the plane mirror with speed V, the image also moves towards (or away) with speed V.
• But the relative speed of the image w.r.t. the object is 2V.

Additional Information

• The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual and erect i.e. the image cannot be projected or focused on the screen.
• The distance of the image 'behind' the mirror is the same as the distance of the object in front of the mirror.
• The size of the image formed is the same as the size of the object.
• The image is laterally inverted, i.e. the left hand appears to be the right hand when viewed through a plane mirror.
• If the object moves towards (or away from) the mirror at a certain rate, the image also moves towards (or away from) the mirror at the same rate.

The correct answer is Saturn.

Key Points

• The air on Jupiter and Saturn is composed of about 100 percent diatomic hydrogen (H₂) and helium (He), with small contributions from methane (CH₄) and other chemical compounds.
• Little is known about the atmospheres of some of the minor Jovian planets Uranus and Neptune, although both are thought to be similar to those of Jupiter and Saturn.

Important Points

• The inner, rocky planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
• The outer planets are the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn and the ice giants Uranus and Neptune.
• Beyond Neptune, a new class of small worlds called dwarf planets, including the longtime favorite Pluto.
• Thousands more planets have been discovered beyond our solar system. Scientists call them exoplanets (Exo means "from outside").

The correct answer is 70.

Key Points

• About 70 percent of the Earth's surface is occupied by water.
• This is in various forms such as oceans, rivers, lakes, glaciers, and ice sheets.
• About 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, and the oceans hold about 96.5% of all Earth's water.
• Water exists in the form of water vapor in the air, in rivers and lakes, in glaciers and glaciers, as soil moisture in the land, and in aquifers.

Important Points

• The Earth's interior can be divided into 3 distinct layers – the crust, mantle, and core.
• The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth, and the core is the innermost layer of the Earth, located at a depth of 2900 km.

The correct answer is McMurdo.

Key Points

• McMurdo Dry Valleys is considered to be the driest place in the world.
• These are a row of largely snow-free valleys in Antarctica.
• The region is one of the world's most extreme deserts.
• It has not seen rain for nearly 2 million years.
• The Atacama Desert is considered the second driest place in the world.
• It is located in Arica, Chile.
• The annual rainfall is only 0.03 inches.
• The desert plateau is 990 miles long and is the only true desert to receive less rain than the polar deserts.
• In Ethiopia, annual rainfall ranges from 1,000 to 2,200 millimeters (40 to 87 inches). 
• It is considered largely arid but exhibits a high variability of precipitation.
• There are no such places as Wastack, Erica, and Dellal.

The correct answer is Gulf Stream.

Key Points

• Ocean currents are the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater.
• Cold currents:
• It brings cold water into warm water areas.
• These currents are usually found on the west coast of the continents in the low and middle latitudes (true in both hemispheres) and on the east coast in the higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
• The Canary Current in the North Atlantic, the California Current in the North Pacific, and the Benguela Current in the South Atlantic, Canaries, and Humboldt are all examples of cold ocean currents.
• Warm currents:
• It brings warm water into cold water areas and is usually observed on the east coast of continents in the low and middle latitudes (true in both hemispheres).
• Some of the large warm currents are the Gulf Stream, the Somali Current, and the Kuroshio.

The correct answer is 44.

Key Points

• A landlocked country is a country whose territory is not connected to an ocean or whose coastline lies on the Andorheic Basin.
• There are currently 44 landlocked countries and 5 partially recognized landlocked states.
• Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country in the world.

Important Points

• India shares land borders with seven neighboring countries viz. Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Myanmar, Bhutan, and Afghanistan.

The correct answer is 4/3.

CONCEPT:

• To understand this, we ought to know Wein's displacement law.
• Wein's displacement law
• It states that the black-body radiation curve for different temperatures will peak at different wavelengths that are inversely proportional to the temperature.
• It means that the spectral radiance of black-body radiation per unit wavelength, peaks at the wavelength λ_peak.
• So ${\lambda _m};T = b$ ⇒ λm=bTλm=bTλm=bTλm=bTλm=bTλm=bTλm=bT
• T is the absolute temperature and b is a constant of proportionality called Wien's displacement constant, equal to 2898 μm⋅K (approximately).

CALCULATION:

Given:

λ = 3.6 ×10-7 m,  and λ₁ =  4.8 ×10-7 m respectively.

We know according to Wein's displacement law,

${\lambda _m};T = b$

So, ${\lambda };T ={\lambda _1};T_1$

$\frac{ \lambda}{{{ \lambda _1}}} = \frac{T_1}{{{T}}}$

$\frac{T_1}{{{T}}} = \frac{ 3.6 \times 10^{-7}}{{{4.8 \times 10^{-7} }}} =\frac{3}{4}$

$\frac{T}{{{T_1}}} = \frac{4}{3}$

The correct answer is France.

Key Points

• Countries are sorted by the total time zones in their region.
• The time zones of a country include dependent territories (except for Antarctic claims).
• France, including its overseas territories, has the most time zones with 12 (13 including its claim in Antarctica).
• Many countries have daylight saving time, an hour added during the local summer, but this list does not include that information.
• The UTC offset in the list is not valid in practice during daylight saving time.

Important Points

• List of time zones by country:
• Russia - 11
• United States - 11
• Antarctica - 9
• Australia - 9

The correct answer is 38.

• Biharis a state in India, currently has 38 administrative districts.

Additional Information

The correct answer is East.

Key Points

• Bihar is a state in eastern India.
• According to the 2011 census, the total area (area) of Bihar is 94,163 km.
• The Eastern side of Bihar has the highest population in the state.
• The density of the state is 1,106 per sq km.
• This is relatively higher than the national average, which is 382 per sq km.

Important Points

• Patna district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state in eastern India.
• Patna the capital of Bihar, is the district headquarters.
• Patna district is a part of the Patna division.
• As of 2011, it is the most populous district of Bihar and the fifteenth-most populous district in India.

The correct answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• Chilka Lake is in Odisha.
• Chilika Lake
• It is Asia's largest and the world's second-largest lagoon.
• The lake lies on the east coast of Odisha and is separated from the Bay of Bengal by a small strip of sand.
• It spreads over the Puri, Khurda, and Ganjam districts of Odisha at the mouth of the Daya River.

Important Points

• In 1981, Chilika Lake was designated as the first Indian wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.
• This lake was once a bay of the ocean until it was silted up by monsoon tides.
• The major attraction at Chilika is Irrawaddy dolphins which are often spotted off Satpada Island.
• The large Nalabana Island (Forest of Reeds) covering about 16 sq km in the lagoon area was declared a bird sanctuary in 1987.
• Kalijai Temple is also located on an island in Chilika Lake.

Given:

Numbers = 12, 27 and 40

LCM = ?

Calculation:

⇒ 12 = 2 × 2 × 3

⇒ 27 = 3 × 3 × 3

⇒ 40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5

LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 1080

Hence, the correct answer is "1080".

Given:

Fractions = ${1 \over 2}, {3 \over 4},{5 \over 6},{7 \over 8}$ and ${9 \over 10}$

Formula:

HCF: Product of the smallest power of each common prime factor in the numbers.

LCM: Product of the greatest power of each prime factor, involved in the numbers.

HCF of fractions = HCF of numerators/LCM of Denominator

Calculation: 

HCF of numerators = HCF of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 = 1

LCM of denominators = LCM of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 = 120

So, HCF of fractions = 1/120

Hence, the correct answer is "$\frac{1}{120}$".

Fractions:

${1 \over 3}$ = 0.33

${2 \over 5}$ = 0.4

${3 \over 4}$ = 0.75

${1 \over 6}$ = 0.16

So, the most significant digit is ${3 \over 4}$.

Hence, the correct answer is "${3 \over 4}$".

Note: Most Significant means the digit with the highest exponent value

The correct answer is Indian Ocean.

Key Points

• Sumatra Island is in Indian Ocean.
• Sumatra Island
• It is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia.
• The Indian Ocean borders the west, northwest, and southwest coasts of Sumatra.
• In the northeast, the narrow Strait of Malacca separates the island from the Malay Peninsula.
• The northern tip of Sumatra is near the Andaman Islands.
• It has a wide range of plant and animal species.
• Many species are now critically endangered, such as the Sumatran ground cuckoo, the Sumatran tiger, the Sumatran elephant, the Sumatran rhinoceros, and the Sumatran orangutan.

Additional Information

• Indian Ocean
• It is enclosed on three sides by landmasses of Africa, Asia, and Australia.
• The Indian Ocean’s shape is roughly triangular with its apex in the north at the Bering Strait.
• Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest ocean. 
• It is known as the coldest of all the oceans.
• It is almost completely encircled by the landmasses of North America, Eurasia, and Greenland.
• Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean.
• It affects our weather patterns, including hurricanes.
• A man-made connection between the Atlantic and Pacific is provided by the Panama Canal.
• Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean.

CP of 6 balloons = Rs. 1

SP of 6 balloons = 120% of Rs. 1 = 120/100 × 1 = Rs. 6/5

For Rs. 6/5, Balloons sold = 6

For Rs. 1, Balloons sold = 6 × 5/6 = 5

Hence, the correct answer is "5".

⇒ $\sqrt{810}$ = $\sqrt {9 \times 9 \times 10}$

⇒ $\sqrt{810}$ = $9\sqrt{10}$

Hence, the correct answer is "$9\sqrt{10}$".

Given:

b - [b - (a + b) - {b - (b - a + b)} + 2a]

Concept:

Calculation:

⇒ b - [b - (a + b) - {b - b + a - b} + 2a]

⇒ b - [b - a - b - a + b + 2a]

⇒ b - b = 0

Hence, the correct answer is "0".

Let the digit be 5x. Then, according to question,

⇒ 5x - 3/5 of 5x = 50

⇒ 5x - $\frac{3}{5}\times 5x$ = 50

⇒ 2x = 50

⇒ x = 25

So, the digit is = 5x = 5 × 25 = 125

Hence, the correct answer is "125".

Let the ages of Shyam and Ram is 7x and 9x respectively. Then, According to question,

⇒ 9x - 7x = 7

⇒ 2x = 7

⇒ x = 3.5

So, Shyam's age = 7x = 7 × 3.5 = 24.5 years

Hence, the correct answer is "24.5 years".

Given:

A can do a work in = 10 days

B can do a work in = 15 days

Calculation:

LCM of 10 and 15 days is 30.

So,

Efficiency of A = 30/10 = 3 units

Efficiency of B = 30/15 = 2 units

Then, according to question,

If they work together, their efficiencies are = 3 + 2 = 5 units

Days = 30/5 = 6 days

So, the work will be completed in 6 days.

Hence, the correct answer is "6 days".

Let CP = Rs. x

SP = Rs. y

Profit = Rs. (y - x)

⇒ If the profit triples on doubling the selling price.

SP = Rs. 2y, CP = Rs. x

Profit = 2y - x = 3(y - x)

⇒ 2y - x = 3y - 3x

⇒ y = 2x

i.e. Profit = y - x = 2x - x = Rs. x

Profit % = x/x × 100 = 100%

Hence, the correct answer is "100%".

The correct answer is Ionic.

Key Points

• NaCl has an ionic bond.
• Ionic bond
• It is also called the electrovalent bond.
• It is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms.
• It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions.
• The metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.
• The formation of ionic bonds involves the loss of an electron from an element which makes them highly exothermic.

Important Points

• In NaCl, the sodium molecule donates the lone electron in its valence orbital in order to achieve an octet configuration.
• This creates a positively charged cation due to the loss of electrons.
• The chlorine atom receives one electron to achieve its octet configuration, which creates a negatively charged anion.
• This creates a sodium cation and a chlorine anion.

Additional Information

• Covalent bond
• It consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.
• These electrons are simultaneously attracted by the two atomic nuclei.
• Co-ordinate bond
• It is a type of alternate covalent bond that is formed by sharing of electron pair from a single atom.
• Both shared electrons are donated by the same atom. It is also called a dative bond or dipolar bond.
• H- bond
• It is a weak bond.
• It is an intermolecular force (IMF) that forms a special type of dipole-dipole attraction when a hydrogen atom bonded to a strongly electronegative atom exists in the vicinity of another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons.

The correct answer is 4.

Key Points

• The set of numbers used to describe the position and energy of the electron in an atom is called quantum numbers.
• There are four quantum numbers-
• Principal
• Azimuthal
• Magnetic
• Electron Spin

Important Points

• Principal quantum number
• It is denoted by the symbol ‘n’.
• It has values n= 1,2,3,4....
• It determines the size and to a large extent the energy of the orbital.
• Azimuthal quantum number
• ​It determines the three-dimensional shape of the orbital quantum number.
• It is denoted by the symbol ‘l’ and it is also known as orbital angular momentum or subsidiary quantum number.
• It has values 0 to n-1.
• The orbitals we get are l = 0 for s, l = 1 for p , l = 2 for d, l = 3 for f etc.
• Magnetic quantum number
• It is denoted by the symbol ‘m_l’.
• It gives information about the spatial orientation of the orbital concerning a standard set of the coordinate axis.
• The number of 'ml' values gives us the number of orbitals for a particular subshell.
• It has values - l to + l including zero.
• ​Electron Spin quantum number
• ​It is denoted by the symbol-'m_s'.
• It refers to the orientation of the spin of the electron.
• It has values = 1/2, - 1/2.
• It denotes an upward and a downward spin.

The correct answer is 6C14.

Key Points

• Radiocarbon dating
• It is a method that provides objective age estimates for carbon-based materials that originated from living organisms.
• It is a technique used to ascertain the age of the Fossil.
• It determines the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
• 6C14 is used to determine the age of archaeological wood.
• It is also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating.
• The samples that have been radiocarbon dated since the inception of the method include - charcoal, wood, twigs, seeds, bones, shells, leather, peat, lake mud, soil, hair, pottery, pollen, wall paintings, corals, blood residues, fabrics, paper or parchment, resins, and water, etc.

The correct answer is  V ∝ T.

Key Points

• In 1787, Jacques Charles formulated Charles' Law or the Law of Volume.
• According to this law, at constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
• It means V ∝ T or $\frac{V}{T}$ = constant.

Important Points

• It is pertinent to note that Charle's law is valid only when the pressure of the system is kept constant.
• Provided the pressure is kept constant, the gases when heated will achieve higher kinetic energy.
• The high kinetic energy of the molecules will help them to overcome the intermolecular forces in them and undergo expansion.
• Thus, increasing the temperature, the gases will undergo expansion, provided the pressure is kept constant.
• Similarly, decreasing the temperature, gases will undergo compression, and P kept constant.
• Hence, the volume becomes directly proportional to temperature.
• As volume is dependent on the pressure, altering it will thus cause a change in volume and the effect of temperature could not be understood.

The correct answer is 6 g of Carbon.

Key Points

• Avogadro's number
• The number of units present in one mole of a given substance is called Avogadro's number.
• Avogadro's number (N_A) is equal to 6.022140857 × 10²³.
• Avogadro's constant is equal to the number of atoms present in 12 grams of Carbon-12.
• 6 g of Carbon does not contain 6 × 1023 atoms.

Important Points

• A mole is a fundamental unit of measure of the amount of a substance.
• For atoms, the mass of Avogadro's number of particles is equal to their atomic mass in grams.
• For molecules, the mass of Avogadro's number of particles is equal to their molecular mass in grams.
• Now, to find the answer, pay attention to the molecular formula of elements in the options.

The correct answer is Mg.

Key Points

• Epsom salt
• It is known as magnesium sulfate.
• Epsom salt is a compound of Mg.
• It's a chemical compound made up of magnesium, sulfur, and oxygen.
• It gets its name from the town of Epsom in Surrey, England, where it was originally discovered.
• It has a chemical formula MgSO₄(H₂O)_x where x varies from 0 to 7.
• It is used in a soak to treat minor aches and pains.
• It is used to relax muscles and relieve pain in the shoulders, neck, back, and skull.
• It is used as a component of bath salts, and beauty products, to improve crops and remove splinters.

The correct answer is Cu.

Key Points

• German Silver contains Copper (60%), Zinc (20%), and Nickel (20%). It sometimes contains lead and tin too.
• The options have both copper and nickel, but since the percentage of copper is maximum, Cu is marked correct.
• Some properties of German Silver-
• It is hard.
• It is light in weight.
• It is highly resistant to electricity.
• It is malleable and ductile.
• German Silver is extensively used in tableware (commonly silver plated), marine fittings, and plumbing fixtures.
• It is also used to make decorative articles, coinage metal, ornaments, etc.

The correct answer is H2SO4.

Key Points

• Contact method/Contact process
• It is a chemical procedure that creates sulfuric acid for industrial purposes such as in paints, detergents, fertilizers, and plastic products.
• British trader named Peregrine Phillips patented the process in the year 1831.
• Sulphur trioxide and oleum are also obtained from this process.
• The contact method is used in the manufacture of H2SO4.
• The manufacture of sulphuric acid using the contact process primarily involves four steps-

1. Extraction of sulphur
2. Preparation of sulphur dioxide
3. Conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide
4. Conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphuric acid

Additional Information

• Some properties of Sulphuric acid
• It is strong dehydrating and oxidizing in nature.
• It is colourless with a pungent smell.
• It is soluble in water and releases heat on contact.
• It is corrosive to metals and most other organic matter like tissue, wood, etc.
• On contact with such organic substances, sulphuric acid instantly dehydrates them causing char to form.

The correct answer is Deuterium Oxide.

Key Points

• The chemical name of heavy water is Deuterium Oxide.
• ​A molecule of heavy water has two deuterium atoms in place of the two protium atoms of ordinary "light" water.
• It is made up of deuterium (₁H²) and oxygen.
• Heavy water is made by burning deuterium in oxygen.

Important Points

• Uses of Heavy Water
• It is used as a tracer to study the mechanism of respiration, and photosynthesis.
• It is used in NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, which is further used to observe the magnetic fields around the nuclei of atoms.
• Isotopologues of many organic compounds are prepared with the help of deuterium oxide.
• It is used as a moderator in the nuclear reactor to slow down the neutrons.

The correct answer is 5.

Key Points

• There are 5 types of white blood cells are there in the human body.
• Types of white blood cells are-
• Granulocytes (Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Basophils)
• Agranulocytes (Monocytes, Lymphocytes)
• WBC (White Blood Cells)
• These are also called leukocytes or leucocytes.
• They are cells of the immune system, which is mainly responsible for protecting and fighting against invading pathogens.
• These cells stimulate the production of the progesterone hormone.
• They also play a vital role in the human reproductive system by producing a network of blood vessels within the ovary.
• On average, the total count of white blood cells in every microliter of blood ranges between 4 and 11 thousand, and a healthy person will produce around 80 to 100 billion white blood cells every day.
• The lifespan of white blood cells ranges between 13 and 20 days.

Important Points

• Brief information on types of WBCs-
• Eosinophils are responsible for combating multicellular parasites and certain infections in vertebrates.
• Neutrophils form an essential part of the innate immune system, with their functions varying in different animals.
• Basophils release enzymes to improve blood flow and prevent blood clots.
• Monocytes play a role in both the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes that take place during an immune response.
• Lymphocytes help our body's immune system fight cancer and foreign viruses and bacteria.

The correct answer is vascular tissue.

Key Points

• Lymph is present in vascular tissue.
• It is pertinent to note that the correct terminology should have been vascular system instead of vascular tissues as vascular tissue term is used for the plants.
• Vascular tissue is comprised of the xylem and the phloem, the main transport systems of plants.
• Lymph
• ​It is the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system.
• It contains a high concentration of white blood cells and plays an important role in the immune response.
• The lymphatic system acts as a filter against microbes, organic wastes, toxins, and other debris.
• Vascular system
• It is made up of the vessels that carry blood and lymph throughout the body.
• The arteries and veins carry blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and taking away tissue waste matter.

Additional Information

• Nerve fibre
• It is a long process of nerve cells (neurons) called the axon.
• They enable neurons to connect with one another.
• They are classed into three types – group A nerve fibers, group B nerve fibers, and group C nerve fibers. Groups A and B are myelinated, and group C is unmyelinated.
• Cartilage
• ​It is a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects joints and bones.
• It acts as a shock absorber throughout the body.
• Cartilage at the end of the bones reduces friction and prevents them from rubbing together when joints are used.
• Squamous tissue
• ​It is an epithelial tissue that is composed of a single layer of epithelial cells.
• This type of epithelium usually has protective functions, including protection against microorganisms from invading underlying tissue and/or protection against water loss.

The correct answer is Bilirubin.

Key Points

• In jaundice, the amount of the Bilirubin increases in the blood.
• Bilirubin
• ​It is a yellowish pigment that is made during the normal breakdown of red blood cells.
• It passes through the liver and is eventually excreted out of the body.
• Higher than normal levels of bilirubin may indicate different types of liver or bile duct problems.
• Higher bilirubin levels may be caused by an increased rate of destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis).
• Jaundice
• It is caused by too much bilirubin.
• This makes the skin and the whites of our eyes look strikingly yellowish.

Additional Information

• Types of jaundice are categorized by where they happen within the liver’s process of taking in and filtering out bilirubin-
• pre-hepatic: before the liver
• hepatic: in the liver
• post-hepatic: after the liver
• Hemoglobin
• ​It is a protein in our red blood cells that carries oxygen to our body's organs and tissues.
• It transports carbon dioxide from our organs and tissues back to our lungs.
• Bile acid
• ​These are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates.
• These are produced by liver and stored in gallbladder.
• Pyruvic acid
• It is the end-product of glycolysis.
• ​It supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present.

The correct answer is Liver.

Key Points

• Liver
• It is in the upper right section of the abdomen and sits below the diaphragm.
• It is the largest solid organ and the largest gland in the human body.
• It carries out over 500 essential tasks.
• The roles of the liver include detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of chemicals that help digest food.
• It is part of the digestive system.
• Liver is the largest gland.

​

Additional Information

• Pancreas
• ​It is an organ and a gland.
• he pancreas performs two main functions-
• Exocrine function: Produces substances (enzymes) that help with digestion.
• Endocrine function: Sends out hormones that control the amount of sugar in your bloodstream.

• Lungs
• These are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax).
• The main function of the lungs is respiration (or breathing).
• In respiration, oxygen from incoming air enters the blood, and carbon dioxide, a waste gas from the metabolism, leaves the blood.

​

• Kidney
• It is made up of about a million filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron includes a filter, called the glomerulus, and a tubule.
• Kidney remove wastes and extra fluid from human body.

​

The correct answer is mosquito.

Key Points

• Sanguivorous
• ​These are animals that nourish on or consume other animals' blood.
• These include leeches, female mosquitoes, and vampire bats.
• Mosquito is Sanguivorous.
• Sanguivory is a dietary habit that involves feeding on blood.
• Many sanguivorous animals will substitute their diets with food from other sources.
• However, some are obligate sanguivores and can survive on a diet of blood only.

The correct answer is Pituitary.

Key Points

• Pituitary is known as master gland.
• It is no larger than a pea, and is located at the base of the brain.
• It is controlled by Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary to release or inhibit pituitary hormone production.
• It controls several other hormone glands in the body, including the thyroid and adrenals, the ovaries and testicles.
• It secretes hormones from both the front part (anterior) and the back part (posterior) of the gland.

Additional Information

• Thyroid
• It is an endocrine gland in the neck.
• It makes two hormones that are secreted into the blood: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
• It plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body.
• Adrenal
• ​These are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.
• They produce hormones that help regulate  metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions.
• Pancreas
• ​It is an organ and a gland.
• The pancreas performs two main functions-
• Exocrine function: Produces substances (enzymes) that help with digestion.
• Endocrine function: Sends out hormones that control the amount of sugar in your bloodstream.

The correct answer is E.

Key Points

• Vitamin E is tocopherol.
• Vitamin E represents a group of compounds that contain both tocopherol and tocotrienol.
• It is good for the immune system and it fights toxins.
• It is a fat-soluble vitamin.
• It is a very powerful antioxidant.
• Weak muscles and fertility problems are signs of deficiency of vitamin E.
• Its deficiency also causes hair damage and skin problems.

Important Points

The correct answer is honey-bee.

Key Points

• Honey-bee is famous for its social system.
• ​Honey bees are social insects, which means that they live together in large, well-organized family groups.
• Social insects are highly evolved insects that engage in a variety of complex tasks not practiced by the solitary insects.
• Primary characteristics observed in social insect like honey-bee-
• Reproductive division of labor- Each honey bee colony consists of a queen (reproductive female), workers (non-reproductive females), and drones (males). Each caste has a clearly defined role that is not performed by any other caste.
• Cooperative brood care-Workers care for the queen's offspring. In most cases the queen's offspring are sisters to the workers who are rearing them.
• Overlapping generations-Honey bee queens can live several years and coexist in the colony with their offspring (workers and drones).

The correct answer is an amide.

• In nylon, the bond between its monomers is an amide.

Key Points

• Amide bond
• It is a peptide bond.
• It is formed when the amine group of one amino acid forms a bond with the carboxyl group of another amino acid, resulting in the loss of a single water molecule.
• ​Nylons are also called polyamides due to their characteristic amide groups in the backbone chain.
• Amide groups in nylon molecules are very polar and form hydrogen bonding with each other.

Important Points

• An ionic bond is formed by the complete transfer of some electrons from one atom to another.
• A hydrogen bond is a primarily electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is covalently bound to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group, and another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor.
• Esters are formed by the condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
• This is known as esterification. In a condensation reaction, two molecules join and produce a larger molecule while eliminating a small molecule.
• During esterification this small molecule is water.

Given:

Number of Hotels = 4

Number of travelers = 3

Concept:

ⁿP_r= $\rm \dfrac {n!}{(n-r)!}$n!r!(n−r)!n!r!(n−r)!.

n! = 1 × 2 × 3 × ... × n.

0! = 1.

Calculation:

Total number of ways = ⁿP_r = $\rm \dfrac {4!}{(4-3)!}$ = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24

Hence, the correct answer is "24".

Given:

Number of men = 4 men

Number of seats = 6 seats

Formula:

ⁿP_r = $\rm \dfrac {n!}{(n-r)!}$

Calculation:

Total ways = ⁶P₄ = $\rm \dfrac {6!}{(6-4)!}$

Total ways = (6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2!)/2! = 360

Hence, the correct answer is "360".

Given:

Total motors = 12

Motors to be selected = 5

Formula used:

ⁿC_r = n!/(r!)(n-r)!

⇒ If one of the mentioned motors is not selected forever i.e. Total motors = 11 

So, Number of ways = ¹¹C₅ = 11!/(5! × 6!)

Number of ways = (11 × 10 × 9 × 8 × 7)/(5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1)

⇒ Number of ways = 462

Hence, the correct answer is "462".

Numbers on dice = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6

Total ways to got 9 on two dice = (3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4) and (6, 3) i.e. 4 ways

Hence, the correct answer is "4".

Probability of 3 students,

P(A) = 1/2, P(A̅) = 1/2

P(B) = 1/3, P(B̅) = 2/3

P(C) = 1/4, P(C̅) = 3/4

So, Probability of no one solve the question is = $\frac 1 2 \times \frac 2 3 \times \frac 3 4$ = 1/4

⇒ P(None) = 1/4

Then, The probability to solve the question is = 1 - 1/4 = 3/4

Hence, the correct answer is "3/4".

The logic followed here is,

• The arrow moves 90° in anti-clockwise direction and pin moves 90° in clockwise direction.

So, the next image is,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is,

• Lines are first increasing vertically and then in second figure increases horizontally from the previous figure.

So, the next figure will be,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".