BSSC CGL Memory Based Test (Held on: 23rd December 2022 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Lichen.

Key Points

• The symbiotic relation between algae and fungus in lichen.
• A lichen is a complex life form that forms as a result of algae and fungus.

Important Points

• Lichen is a special kind of plant made up of the Algal component and fungal component exhibiting symbiotic association with each other in which both components are benefited viz., fungal components provide substratum and absorb mineral and water whereas algal component performs photosynthesis and provide food to a fungal component.
• Algae prepare food for fungi as it is photosynthetic whereas fungi provide shelter and absorb minerals and water for algae.

Additional Information 

Symbiotic Relationship:

• The word symbiosis comes from the Greek 'sym' and 'bios', which translated means together and life, or life working together.
• Symbiosis is an adjacent relationship between two classes in which at least one species benefits.
• There are three basic types of symbiosis:

The correct answer is 4.5%.

Key Points

• As announced in the Governor’s Statement dated May 04, 2022.
• it has been decided to increase the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) of all banks by 50 basis points from 4.00 percent to 4.50 percent of their Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL), effective from the reporting fortnight beginning May 21, 2022.
• The Reserve Bank of India hereby
  

notifies that the average Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) required to be maintained by every bank shall be

4.50 per cent of its net demand and time liabilities effective from the reporting fortnight beginning May

21, 2022.

Additional Information 

New Policy Rates by RBI in Indian Banking (as on December 07, 2022):

• SLR Rate : 18.00%
• Standing Deposit Facility Rate : 6.00%
• CRR : 4.50%
• MSF : 6.50%
• Repo Rate : 6.25%
• Reverse Repo Rate : 3.35%
• Bank Rate : 6.50%

Given:

X can do 1/5 of the work in 10 days. X can complete total work in = 5 × 10 = 50 days

Y can do 60% of the work in 60 days. Y can complete total work in = (60/60) × 100 = 100 days

Z do 1/3 of the work in 12 days. Z can complete total work in = 3 × 12 = 36 days

Formula used:

Work done = time × efficiency

Calculation:

​Total work = LCM of (X, Y and Z)

Total work = LCM of (50, 100 and 36) = 900 units

Now,

Efficiency of X = 900/50 = 18 units

Efficiency of Y = 900/100 = 9 units

Efficiency of Z = 900/36 = 25 units

Now,

Time taken by X = 50 days

Time taken by Y = 100 days

Time taken by Z = 36 days

Time taken by (X + Z) = 900/(18 + 25) = 20.93 days

When (X and Z) work together, they will complete the work first.

∴ Option 4 is the correct answer.  

Mistake PointsSince in option it is given X+Z also. So we can say when X and Z working together can do this work in least number of days.

The correct answer is Huge expansion of oceans.

Key Points

• Isotherm is a line on a map connecting points having the same temperature at a given time or on average over a given period.
• The warming of Earth is primarily due to the accumulation of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, and the oceans absorb more than 90 percent of this trapped heat.
• As this heat is absorbed, ocean temperatures rise and water expands.
• This thermal expansion contributes to an increase in the global sea level.

Additional Information

• **Ways of Transfer of Heat Energy **The heat energy from solar radiation is received by the earth through three mechanisms
• Radiation: Heat transfer from one body to another without actual contact or movement. It is possible in relatively emptier space, for instance, from the sun to the earth through space.
• Conduction: Heat transfer through matter by molecular activity. Heat transfer in iron and other metals is by conduction. Generally, denser materials like water are good conductors and a lighter medium like air is a bad conductor of heat.
• Convection: Transfer of heat energy by actual transfer of matter or substance from one place to another.

The logic followed here is:

It is given that the options (i), (ii), and (iii) are with double line and only option (iv) having single line.

Except for option (4), they all are in double line.

Therefore, the odd image is 

.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Calculation:

Given the cost of one apple = ₹6

The cost of one mango = ₹5

Then the cost of x apple and y mango:

6x + 5y = 42

6x = 42 - 5y

x = (42 - 5y)/6

Clearly, x is a whole number, only when (42 −5y) is divisible by 6.

Let, y = 0

x = (42 - 5 × 0)/6 = 42/6 = 7

But it is not in the given options

Let, y = 6

x = (42 - 5 × 6)/6 = (42 - 30)/6

x = 12/6 = 2

∴ The minimum number of Apple X can buy is 2.

The logic followed here is as follows:

Therefore, the next figure is  

.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The logic followed here is as follows:

Therefore, '24' will come in the place of question mark.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

Sum of two numbers = 36

Product of numbers = 315

Concept used: 

(x + y)² = x² + y² + 2xy

(x - y)² = x² + y² - 2xy

Calculation:

Let the numbers be x and y

⇒ x + y = 36

⇒ xy = 315

⇒ (36)² = x² + y² + 2 × 315

⇒ x² + y² = 666

⇒ (x - y)² = x² + y² - 2xy

⇒ (x - y)2 = 666 - 2 × 315

⇒ (x - y)² = 666 - 630

⇒ (x - y)² = 36

⇒ x - y = 6

∴ The correct answer is 6.

Calculation:

⇒ (64)² - (36)² = 20Z

⇒ 4096 - 1296 = 20Z

⇒ 20Z = 2800

⇒ Z = 140

∴ The correct answer is 140.

The logic followed here is as follows:

Given series is 4, 112, 8, 56, 12, ?, 16, 14, 20, 7

Therefore, the missing number is '28'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The correct answer is Central Statistical Organisation.

Key Points

• The Central Statistics Office (CSO) of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation annually publishes the National Accounts Statistics (NAS).
• The Central Statistics Office (CSO) is a governmental agency in India under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation responsible for the coordination of statistical activities in India, and for evolving and maintaining statistical standards​
• This publication is the key source material for all macroeconomic data of the country.

Additional Information

• NITI Aayog was formed via a resolution of the Union Cabinet on 1 January 2015.
• The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) was set up in 1950, with the idea of having a permanent survey organization to collect data on various facets of the economy
• The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1, 1935, in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, of 1934. The Central Office of the Reserve Bank was initially established in Kolkata but was permanently moved to Mumbai in 1937.

The correct answer is Banga Village.

Key Points

• Bhagat Singh was born on 27 September 1907 in Banga, Lyallpur District, Punjab Province, British India (present-day Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan).
• Death of Bhagat Singh 23 March 1931 (aged 23) Lahore Central Jail, Lahore.

Additional Information

• In December 1928, Bhagat Singh and an associate, Shivaram Rajguru, were both members of a small revolutionary group, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
• Bhagat Singh was an Indian revolutionary.
• He participated in a massive symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike in prison.
• Bhagat Singh was convicted of the murder of John Saunders and Channan Singh, and hanged in March 1931, aged 23.

The correct answer is M. S. Swaminathan.

Key Points 

• Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan is an Indian geneticist and administrator who is best known for his role in the Green Revolution, a program that saw high-yield wheat and rice varieties planted across the country.
• For his role in introducing and further cultivating high-yielding wheat varieties in India, Swaminathan has been dubbed the "Father of the Green Revolution in India."

Important Points

Father of Different Disciplines

Calculation:

LCM of (25, 40 and 56) = 1400

So,the smallest number which when divided by 25, 40 and 56 leaves 13 as remainder is 1400 + 13 = 1413

∴ The correct answer is 1413.

Given:

A  and B can complete a work in 20 days.

B can complete a work in 25 days.

Formula used:

Work done = time × efficiency

Calculation:

LCM of (A + B) and B = 100

Efficiency of A + B = 5

Efficiency of B = 4

Efficiency of A = 1

Time taken by A = 100/1 = 100 days

∴ The correct answer is 100 days.

The correct answer is Lord Amherst.

• Lord Amherst (1823-1828):
• He was the Governor-General of Bengal when The First Anglo-Burmese war (1824-1826).
• This war ended with the Treaty of Yandabo (1826).
• This treaty made Burma cede large tracts of land and accept a British Representative.

Additional Information

• Lord Hastings:
• ​Lord Hastings was the Governor-General of Bengal from 1813 to 1823.
• He is credited with initiating the new policy of paramountcy, which aimed to assert British supremacy over all the native rulers in India.
• ​Lord Dalhousie:
• He established the foundations of the modern educational system in India by adding mass education in addition to elite higher education.​
• Lord Cornwallis:
• He arrived in India in July 1805, and died on 5 October of a fever at Gauspur in Ghazipur, at that time in the Varanasi kingdom.
• Cornwallis was buried there, overlooking the Ganges River, where his memorial is a protected monument maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India.​

Confusion Points

• Lord Hastings and Warren Hastings are two different people.
• Warren Hastings became the first governor-general of Bengal from 1772 to 1785 and Lord Hastings became the Governor General of British India in 1813.

Calculation:

According to Question 4^3.5: 2⁵

⇒ (2)^{2 × 3.5} : 2⁵ 

⇒ (2)⁷ : (2)⁵

⇒ (2)²: 1

⇒ 4: 1

∴ The correct answer is 4: 1.

The logic followed here is as follows:

Option (1): 175 → 175 ÷ 7 → 25 → (5)²

Option (2): 63 → 63 ÷ 7 → 9 → (3)2

Option (3): 112 → 112 ÷ 7→ 16 → (4)2

Option (4): 56 → 56 ÷ 7 → 8 → (2)³

Numbers when divided by 7, the quotient is a perfect square except for 56.

Therefore, the odd number is '56'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The correct answer is 29th August.

• National Sports Day in India is celebrated on 29th August, on the birth anniversary of hockey legend Major Dhyanchand.
• Major Dhyanchand was an Indian hockey player who won gold medals in Olympics for India in the years 1928, 1932, and 1936.
• He scored over 400 goals in his career.
• Major Dhyanchand is also known as 'The Wizard' for his magical touch, superb control, creativity, and extraordinary goal-scoring feats.
• He was bestowed with India's third-highest civilian honour, Padma Bhusan in 1956.

Additional Information 

• The President confers National Sports Awards to honor sportsmen who have achieved laurels in the sports realm and enhanced the country's pride all over the world.
• The Indian Government over the years has launched many schemes related to sports on this day including the Khelo India scheme in 2018.

Important Points 

• Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award:
• ​​Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award is given for the spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports by a sportsperson over a period of the previous four years.
• It was launched in 1991-92 earlier it was known as the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award.
• Earlier in August this year, the Khel Ratna Award was renamed in the honor of hockey wizard Major Dhyan Chand.
• The prize money for the Major Dhyan Chand Ratna Award has been increased to Rs 25 lakh from the previous amount of Rs 7.5 lakh.

The correct answer is Dutton

Key Points

• The theory of Isostasy explains the tendency of Earth's crust to attain equilibrium and distribution of the material in Earth's crust.
• This theory is based on the opposing influence of buoyancy and gravity.
• This was coined by C.E. Dutton in 1889.
• It is utilized to explain how different topographic heights can exist on Earth's surface.
• Their theory helps in explaining -
• Mountain building.
• Sedimentary basin formation.
• The breakup of continents.
• The formation of near ocean basins.
• Factors that affect isostatic equilibrium.
• Change in ice cover.
• Endogenic forces.
• eugenic forces.

The correct answer is Revenue deficit state.

Key Points

• In 2021-22, the state is estimated to observe a revenue deficit of 5.48% of GSDP, as compared to a revenue surplus of 1.21% of GSDP estimated at the budget stage.
• Fiscal deficit for 2022-23 is targeted at Rs 25,885 crore (3.47% of GSDP).
• In 2021-22, as per the revised estimates, fiscal deficit is expected to be 11.31% of GSDP, significantly higher than the budget estimate of 2.97% of GSDP.

Additional Information

• Revenue Surplus means the excess of revenue receipts over revenue expenditure.
• Revenue neutral rate(RNR) is a structure of different rates established in order to match the current revenue generation with revenue under GST.
• State with a negative growth rate is Nagaland.

Given:

Number of students in each section of a school is 30.

After admitting new students 4 new sections were started.

Now, the total number of sections is 15 and there are 25 students in each section.

Calculation:

According to question,

After 4 new sections total no of sections = 15

Number of sections before = 15 - 4 = 11

Number of students in 11 section = 11 × 30 = 330

Number of students in 15 section = 15 × 25 = 375

Number of new students admitted = 375 - 330

⇒ 45

∴ The correct answer is 45.

Concept used:

Sum of first n natural numbers = n(n + 1)/2

Calculation:

Sum of n natural numbers = 149 × (150)/2

⇒ 149 × 75 

⇒ 11175

Average = 11175/149 = 75

∴ The correct answer is 75.

The logic followed here is as follows:

Freeze ∶ Solid 

When liquid freezes it becomes solid.

Similarly, Melt ∶ ?  

When a solid melt it becomes liquid.

Therefore, the correct pair is 'Melt ∶ liquid'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Additional Information The logic followed here is:

Freeze ∶ Solid 

On freezing, a solid is formed.

Similarly, Melt ∶ ?  

On melting, the liquid is formed.

Therefore, the correct pair is 'Melt ∶ liquid'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Calculation:

$1 + \frac{1}{5 \times 4} + \frac{1}{5 \times 4^2} + \frac{1}{5 \times 4^3}$

By taking LCM of Denominators,

⇒ 1 + 1//20 + 1/80 + 1/320

⇒ (320 + 16 + 4 + 1)/320

⇒ 341/320

∴ The correct answer is 341/320.

The logic followed here is as follows:

Given series is 15, 30, __, 40, 8, 48

Therefore, the missing number is '10'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Additional InformationThe logic followed here is:

Given series is 15, 30, __, 40, 8, 48

Therefore, the missing number is '10'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The table shows the place value of the alphabet from A to Z and Z to A.

The logic followed here is as follows:

Given, 'KINDLE' is coded as 'NLQAIB',

Similarly, 'EXOTIC' be coded as

Therefore, the code for 'EXOTIC' is 'HARQFZ'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The correct answer is the Committee on Subordinate Legislation.

Key Points

• The Committee on Subordinate Legislation constituted in 1953 examines and reports to the House whether the powers to make rules, regulations, bye-laws, schemes, or other statutory instruments conferred by the Constitution or delegated by Parliament are being properly exercised.
• In both Houses, the committee consists of 15 members.

Additional Information

• The Chairman of the Committee shall be appointed by the Chairman from amongst the members of the Committee.
• Provided that if the Deputy Chairman is a member of the Committee, he shall be appointed Chairman of the Committee.
• In order to constitute a meeting of the Committee, the quorum shall be five.
• The Committee shall have the power to require the attendance of persons or the production of papers or records if such a course is considered necessary for the discharge of its duties.

Calculation:

Let the number be x,

⇒ 30/100 × x + 49 = x

⇒ 30x/100 - x = -49

⇒ -70x/100 = -49

⇒ 7x = 490

⇒ x = 70

∴ The correct answer is 70.

The logic followed here is:

Given 

A + D = C + E ---(1)

B + 2D = C + 2E ---(2)

D - E > E - B ---(3)

2D > A + C ---(4)

We can use these equations and inequality to find relationships between the variables A, B, C, D, and E.

From (1), we get:

D = C + E - A ---(5)

Substituting (5) into (2), we get:

B + 2(C + E - A) = C + 2E

Simplifying, we get:

B + 2C + 2E - 2A = C + 2E

Simplifying further, we get:

B = C + 2A ---(6)

Substituting (5) into (3), we get:

2C + 2E - 2A > 2E - B

Simplifying, we get:

2C - 2A > -B

Multiplying both sides by -1 and flipping the inequality, we get:

B > 2A - 2C ---(7)

Substituting (5) into (4), we get:

2(C + E - A) > A + C

Simplifying, we get:

2E > A - C + 2A

Simplifying further, we get:

2E > 3A - C ---(8)

Now, we can use (6), (7), and (8) to compare the variables A, B, C, D, and E.

Starting with (6), we know that:

B = C + 2A

So, B is greater than both C and A.

Next, using (7), we know that:

B > 2A - 2C

Since we already know that B is greater than both C and A, we can say that:

B > 2A - 2C > A > C

Therefore, we have found the order of B, A, and C:

B > A > C

Now, using (5), we can rewrite (1) as:

A + (C + E - A) = C + E

Simplifying, we get:

A = E

So, A and E are equal.

Finally, using (3), we know that:

D - E > E - B

Since A = E, we can rewrite this inequality as:

D - A > A - B

Adding A to both sides, we get:

D > B

Therefore, we have found the order of D and B:

D > B

Putting all of our findings together, we have:

B > A > C = E < D

Therefore, the correct option is 4) C > B > D > A > E.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)"

The correct answer is Vinod Sharma. 

 Key Points

• The Government of India decided to Institute an award to recognize the excellent work done by individuals and Institutions in India in the field of Disaster Management Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Rescue, Response, and Relief.
• Prof Vinod Kumar Sharma, senior professor at the Indian Institute of Public Administration and Vice-Chairman of Sikkim State Disaster Management Authority was the founder and coordinator of the National Centre of Disaster Management now known as the National Institute of Disaster Management.

Additional Information

• He has worked tirelessly towards bringing DRR to the forefront of the national agenda.
• His pioneering work in DRR in India gave him international recognition and he is a resource person to LBSNAA and all ATIs for disaster management.
• As Vice Chairman of Sikkim State Disaster Management Authority, he has made Sikkim a model state in implementing DRR, whilst initiating panchayat-level preparedness plans linking climate change and DRR.
• Prof Vinod Kumar Sharma has been awarded the 2022 Subhas Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar for his path-breaking work

Calculation:

⇒ 2.002/20.02 + 2002/200.2

⇒ 2002/1000 × 100/2002 + 2002/2002 × 10

⇒ 1/10 + 10

⇒ 101/10

⇒ 10.1

∴ The correct answer is 10.1

Position of the alphabet according to English alphabetical order:

The logic followed in the given code:

Logic: "Digit sum" of positional values of letters of the word.

In 'MOBILITY':

Similarly, in 'STABLE':

Here, 'STABLE' is written as '1021235'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The correct answer is One sigma, Two pi.

Key Points

• The number of types of bonds between two carbon atoms in calcium carbide is **One sigma, Two pi.**​
• 

Additional Information

• Calcium carbide, also known as calcium acetylide, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2.
• Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide.
• The pure material is colorless, while pieces of technical-grade calcium carbide are grey or brown.

The logic followed in the given options:

(1) Aorta → The aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from your heart to the rest of the body and is part of the heart.

(2) Heart → Heart is a human organ.

(3) Liver →  Liver is a human organ.

(4) Stomach → Stomach is a human organ.

Here, the 'Aorta' is different from the other options.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Given figure:

As per the given options:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The correct answer is Immunization of all children and pregnant women. 

 Key Points Mission Indradhanush:

• It has been started by the 'Union Ministry of Health, Government of India for the vaccination of all children.
• It was launched on the occasion of Good Governance Day (25 December 2014).
• It displays the seven colors of the rainbow and aims to vaccinate those children by 2020.

Additional Information

• Those who are not vaccinated or partially vaccinated have seven vaccines to prevent diphtheria, sputum, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, measles, and hepatitis B.
• This program will be carried out through special campaigns to rapidly increase the complete immunization of children by 5 percent or more every year.

The correct answer is Chlorella.

Key Points

• Chlorella is a green algae and is used by astronauts as a food supplement. Spirulina is a cyanobacterium that is also used as a food supplement. Both Chlorella and Spirulina are unicellular proteins.
• Algae is green thallus-like.
• It is the largest producer. It performs photosynthesis.
• The scientific name of algae that is used as food by space travelers is chlorella.

Additional Information

• Chlorella is a unicellular alga.
• It is a good source of protein.​
• Gelidium is used for agar, which is used in the preservation of jam and jellies.
• Laminaria, Porphyra, and Sargassum are used as food and are marine alga.

The correct answer is Sahitya Academy.

Key Points

• The Sahitya Akademi instituted the Bhasha Samman in 1996 to be given to writers, scholars, editors, collectors, performers, or translators who have made considerable contributions to the propagation, modernization, or enrichment of the languages concerned.
• Sahitya Akademi has been giving annual awards to books of outstanding merit and annual prizes for outstanding translations in the 24 languages recognized by it.
• the Akademi felt that in a multilingual country like India which has hundreds of languages and dialects, Akademi’s activities should be extended beyond the recognized ones by acknowledging and promoting literary creativity as well as academic research in non-recognized languages.

Additional Information

• There will be 6 Bhasha Sammans to be given every year in two categories.
• Two of the Bhasha Sammans will be given to writers/scholars for outstanding contributions in the field of classical and medieval literature and four to be given on rotation to scholars/writers for outstanding contributions to any four languages not recognized by the Sahitya Akademi.

The correct answer is President.

Key Points

• The President is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments. These include:
• The Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court of India and state/union territory high courts.
• The Chief Minister of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (Article 239 AA 5 of the constitution).
• The Comptroller and Auditor General.
• The Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners.
• The chairman and other Members of the Union Public Service Commission.
• The Attorney General.
• Ambassadors and High Commissioners to other countries (only through the list of names given by the prime minister).
• Officers of the All India Services (IAS, IPS, and IFoS), and other Central Civil Services in Group 'A'.
• The President of the Republic of India is the ceremonial head of the state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.
• Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president.

Additional Information

• The Prime minister recommends to the president—among others—names for the appointment of:
• Chief Election Commissioner of India (CEC) and other Election Commissioners of India (ECs)
• Comptroller and Auditor General of India (C&AG)
• Chairperson and members of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
• Chief Information Commissioner of India (CIC) and Information Commissioners of India
• Chairperson and members of the finance commission (FC)
• Attorney General of India (AG) and Solicitor General of India (SG)

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The chairperson of the NHRC is a person who has been a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. 
• The chairman and members hold office for a term of three years or until they attain the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.
• The President can remove the chairman or any member from the office under some circumstances.
• They can be removed only on the charges of proved misbehavior or incapacity, if proved by an inquiry conducted by a Supreme Court Judge.
• According to the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, as amended in 2019, the Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) can be appointed from two categories:
• Retired Chief Justice of India: This was the originally established criteria.
• Any Supreme Court Judge: This option was added in the 2019 amendment, broadening the eligibility pool.
• Therefore, both retired Chief Justices of India and retired/serving judges of the Supreme Court are eligible for the position.
• Retired Chief Justices of High Courts are not eligible for the Chairperson position of the NHRC.
• The chairman and members are appointed by the President on the recommendations of a six-member committee consisting of the Prime Minister as its head, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, leaders of the Opposition in both the Houses of Parliament and the Union Home Minister.
• NHRC of India is an independent statutory body established on 12 October, 1993 as per provisions of Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, later amended in 2006.

The correct answer is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Key Points

• The strains of yeast used to make beer, bread, and wine come from the species of yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae is known as “brewer’s yeast” or “baker’s yeast”.
• It’s responsible for the fermentation that makes beer alcoholic and allows a lump of dough to rise into a loaf of bread.
• In the presence of oxygen, S. cerevisiae converts sugars from a carbohydrate—such as flour involved in breadmaking or barley involved in beermaking—into carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide inflates air bubbles within the dough, causing the dough to rise.

Additional Information

• Mucor Sativa is a microbial genus of approximately 40 species of molds in the family Mucoraceae. Species are commonly found in soil, digestive systems, plant surfaces, some cheeses like Tomme de Savoie, rotten vegetable matter and iron oxide residue in the biosorption process.
• Rhizopus is a genus of common saprophytic fungi on plants and specialized parasites on animals. They are found in a wide variety of organic substances, including "mature fruits and vegetables".
• Among the most pathogenic bacteria for human, genera of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus come forward with their pathogenicity.
• Staphylococci and Streptococci are together responsible of the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases such as wound infections, mastitis, toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever, cystic fibrosis, nosocomial and community-acquired infections, periodontitis, and indwelling device-associated infections.

The correct answer is ​42nd amendment.

Key Points

• The 42nd constitutional amendment act of 1976 provided for the setting up of Administrative Tribunals in India. With this amendment act first time the word Tribunal has been used in the Constitution of India.
• The 42nd constitutional amendment added a new part XIV-A and article 323 A to the Indian constitution.
• Article 323 A empowers the parliament to provide for the establishment of administrative tribunals.

Additional Information

• The 44th Amendment Act,1978 aimed to undo several changes that had been made to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment  Act.
• The Forty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Forty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1984, amended the Ninth Schedule to the Constitution, and added 14 legislations relating to land reforms.
• The Constitution (Thirty-fifth Amendment) Act was passed in the year 1974 by the Parliament. The Act provided for the designation of an Associate State for Sikkim, which was unprecedented in Indian history.

Given shapes:

The final shape made by the given shapes:

Here, the final shape is similar to option (3).

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The correct answer is Retina.

Key Points

• There are two types of photoreceptors involved in sight: rods and cones.
• Rods work at very low levels of light. We use these for night vision because only a few bits of light (photons) can activate a rod. Rods don't help with color vision, which is why at night, we see everything in a gray scale. The human eye has over 100 million rod cells.
• Cones require a lot more light and they are used to see color. We have three types of cones: blue, green, and red. The human eye only has about 6 million cones. Many of these are packed into the fovea, a small pit in the back of the eye that helps with the sharpness or detail of images.
• Other animals have different numbers of each cell type. Animals that have to see in the dark have many more rods than humans have.

Additional Information

• The colored tissue at the front of the eye that contains the pupil in the center. The iris helps control the size of the pupil to let more or less light into the eye.
• The lens is a curved structure in the eye that that bends light and focuses it for the retina to help you see images clearly.

The correct answer is Article 71.

Key Points

• Article71. Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a president or Vice President
• (1) All doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with the election of a president or vice President shall be inquired into and decided by the Supreme court whose decision shall be final.
• (2) If the election of a person as President or Vice President is declared void by the Supreme court, acts done by him in the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of the office of President or Vice President, as the case may be, on or before the date of the decision of the Supreme Court shall not be invalidated by reason of that declaration.
• (3) Subject to the provisions of this constitution, Parliament may by law regulate any matter relating to or connected with the election of a President or Vice President.
• (4) The election of a person as President or Vice President shall not be called in question on the ground of the existence of any vacancy for whatever reason among the members of the electoral college electing him.

Additional Information

• Article 81 of the Indian Constitution defines the makeup of the House of The people, Lok Sabha. The House of Representatives shall have no more over 550 members elected, with little than 20 from Union Territories
• Under Article 61, When the President is to be impeached for violation of the Constitution, the charge shall be preferred by either House of Parliament
• Article 91 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman – Constitution Of India.

The correct answer is Ohm-meter.

CONCEPT:

Resistivity (ρ):

• Resistivity is numerically equal to the resistance of a substance having a unit area of cross-section and unit length.
• Mathematically it can be written as,

$\rho = \frac{{RA}}{l}$

EXPLANATION:

SI unit of resistance = ohm

SI unit of area = meter2

SI unit of length = meter

SI unit of resistivity is -

$\therefore \rho = \frac{{ohm - mete{r^2}}}{{meter}} = ohm - meter$

Important Points

Shortcut Trick

Make total parts equal by taking LCM of (2+3=5), (3+1=4), and (4+5=9). LCM(5, 4, 9) = 180.

Multiply ratios to equalize: S1 = 36×(2:3) = 72:108 | S2 = 45×(3:1) = 135:45 | S3 = 20×(4:5) = 80:100.

Apply mixing ratio 2:3:4: S1 = 2×(72:108) = 144:216 | S2 = 3×(135:45) = 405:135 | S3 = 4×(80:100) = 320:400.

Total Milk = 144 + 405 + 320 = 869 | Total Water = 216 + 135 + 400 = 751.

∴ The correct answer is 869 : 751.

Alternate Method

Given: Ratios of Milk and Water are (2:3), (3:1), and (4:5). Mixing ratio is 2:3:4.

Formula: Total Milk = Σ(Quantity × Milk Fraction) | Total Water = Σ(Quantity × Water Fraction)

⇒ Milk in Resultant = 2 × (2/5) + 3 × (3/4) + 4 × (4/9)

⇒ Milk = 4/5 + 9/4 + 16/9 = (144 + 405 + 320) / 180 = 869/180

⇒ Water in Resultant = 2 × (3/5) + 3 × (1/4) + 4 × (5/9)

⇒ Water = 6/5 + 3/4 + 20/9 = (216 + 135 + 400) / 180 = 751/180

⇒ Ratio = (869/180) : (751/180) = 869 : 751

∴ The correct answer is 869 : 751.

Additional Information

Alligation Method

Used for mixing two components. For three or more, the weighted average of fractions is the most efficient approach.

Ratio Equalization

Always ensure the sum of ratio parts is made equal using LCM before applying the mixing weights to avoid complex fraction additions.

The correct answer is 2015.

Key Points 

• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Scheme was launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 22nd January 2015 in Panipat, Haryana.
• BBBP was launched to address the issue of decline in CSR( Child Sex Ratio) and related issues of empowerment of girls and women over a life cycle continuum.
• The Census (2011) data showed a significant declining trend in the Child Sex Ratio(CSR) between 0-6 years with an all-time low of 918.
• The issue of decline in CSR is a major indicator of women's disempowerment as it reflects both, pre-birth discrimination manifested through gender-biased sex selection, and post-birth discrimination against girls(in form of their health, nutrition, educational needs).

Calculation:

By going through the options we can see that only 279841 is the only number which is the square of natural number.

⇒ √279841 = 529

∴ The correct answer is 279841.

The correct answer is 1966-69.

Key Points

• Due to miserable failure of the Third Plan the government was forced to declare "plan holidays" (from 1966–67, 1967–68, and 1968–69).
• Three annual plans were drawn during this intervening period. The main reasons for plan holidays were the war, lack of resources and increase in inflation.
• The Fourth Five-Year Plan was introduced only in 1969.
• During these plans, a whole new agricultural strategy was implemented.
• It involves the widespread distribution of high yielding varieties of seeds, extensive use of fertilizers, exploitation of irrigation potential, and soil conservation

The logic followed in the given options:

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

Here, only in figure (2), the angle between symbols is 90º.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The logic followed in the given pair:

Triangle ∶ Rectangle → Three sides (3) : Four sides (3 + 1)

Checking all the given options:

(1) Pentagon ∶ Hexagon → Five sides (5) : Six sides (5 + 1)

(2) Angle ∶ Quadrilateral → Two sides (2) : Four sides (2 + 2)

(3) Rhombus ∶ Octagon → Four sides (4) : Eight sides (4 + 4)

(4) Cone ∶ Sphere → 3-D shapes.

Here, 'Pentagon ∶ Hexagon' is the correct pair as per the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

According to the given information:

Here, 'every' is coded as 'lne'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

According to the given information:

Here, 'Facing' is coded as 'ngi'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The correct answer is Equal Justice and Free Legal Aid.

Key Points

• Article 39A
• The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.

Additional Information

• Organisation of Village Panchayat is defined in Article 40.
• Uniform Civil code for citizens is defined in Article 44.
• Definition of state is discussed in Article 12.

Preparing the family tree by using the following symbols:

Given:

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree

(1) % ⇒ P × Q % R + S + T

P is the sister of Q, Q is the mother of R, R is the father of S and S is the father of T.

Here, Q is the great-grandmother of T.

(2) + ⇒ P × Q + R + S + T

P is the sister of Q, Q is the father of R, R is the father of S and S is the father of T.

Here, Q is the great-grandfather of T.

(3) ÷ ⇒ P × Q ÷ R + S + T

P is the sister of Q, Q is the wife of R, R is the father of S and S is the father of T.

Here, Q is the grandmother of T.

(4) × ⇒ P × Q × R + S + T

P is the sister of Q, Q is the sister of R, R is the father of S and S is the father of T.

Here, Q is the sister of T's grandfather.

​Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

Preparing the family tree by using the following symbols:

As per the given information:

Checking all the given options:

(1) L % R ÷ S + T × P​

L is the mother of R, R is the wife of S, S is the father of T and T is the sister of P.

Here, the gender of P is unknown.

(2) L + R ÷ S + P × T​

L is the father of R, R is the wife of S, S is the father of P and P is the sister of T.

Here, P is the daughter of S.

(3) L ÷ S * R % P ÷ T​

L is the wife of S, S is the son of R, R is the mother of P and P is the wife of T.

Here, P is the daughter of R.

(4) L % R % S + T ÷ P​

L is the mother of R, R is the mother of S, S is father of T and T is the wife of P.

Here, P is son-in-law of S.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The correct answer is the Haryanka dynasty.

Key Points

• Bimbisara was the son of a minor king called Bhattiya, he belonged to the Haryanka Dynasty, which is said to be the second imperial dynasty of Magadha.
• Bimbisara was a king of the Magadha Kingdom who is credited with establishing imperial dominance in the Indian subcontinent.
• Bimbisara ruled at a time when Gautama Buddha and Mahavira Vardhamana, the respective founders of Buddhism and Jainism, both started their teachings.

Additional Information

• The Shishunaga Dynasty ruled the Magadha Kingdom in ancient India.
• The Nanda dynasty ruled in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent during the fourth century BCE, and possibly during the fifth century BCE.
• The Nandas overthrew the Shishunaga dynasty in the Magadha region of eastern India, and expanded their empire to include a larger part of northern India.

Diagram:

As Vassim's starting point and his stopping point is the same. So the distance of his stopping point with respect to his starting point is 0 m.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Decoding the codes for words:

So, the code for 'again' is 'ka'.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is Total internal reflection.

CONCEPT:

• Optical fiber: It is a very thin fiber made of glass and plastic having a radius of the order of a micrometer (10-6 m).
• It works on the principle of Total Internal Reflection.
• It is lightweight, fast, and useful for long-distance data and light transmission with very few losses.
• Optical fiber is mostly used for communication purposes with negligible loss of energy.
• A bundle of such thin fibers forms a light pipe.

EXPLANATION:

• The working principle of optical fibers is Total Internal Reflection. So option 3 is correct.
• Scattering of light: The phenomenon in which the particles in a colloid scatter the beams of light that are directed at them is called scattering of light.

The correct answer is ​Mediterranean Region.

• The Mediterranean Sea has the greatest extent of this type of ‘winter rain climate’, and gives rise to the name Mediterranean Climate.
• The Mediterranean climate is usually characterized by rainy winters and dry, warm to hot summers.
• An area of tropical monsoon climate (occasionally known as a sub-equatorial, tropical wet climate or a tropical monsoon and trade-wind littoral climate) is a tropical climate sub-type that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification category Am.
• The tropical monsoon climate is the intermediate climate between the wet Af (or tropical rainforest climate) and the drier Aw (or tropical savanna climate).

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is:

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Five students: V, W, X, Y, and Z

1. V is the first. 2. Only Z is between V and X. 3. Y is immediately behind X.

From 1 and 2, we get Z is between V and X.

From 3, we get Y is behind X and before W.

Y is sitting second last.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Given:

CP = Rs. 36.40 and Gain%= 15%

Concept used:

Profit = (SP - CP)/CP × 100

Calculation:

Here CP = Rs.36.40

Gain% = 15/100 = 3/20

SP = 3 + 20 = 23

CP = 20

⇒ 20 = 36.40

⇒ 1 = 1.82

SP = 23 × 1.82

SP = 41.86

∴ The correct answer is Rs.41.86.

The correct answer is 11th November.

Key Points

• 11th November is celebrated every year as National Education Day to commemorate the birth anniversary of India's first Education Minister Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
• This year, the National Education Day 2022 theme is “Changing Course, Transforming Education.”

Additional Information

• International Literacy Day takes place on September 8 every year to raise awareness and concern for literacy problems that exist within our own local communities as well as globally.
• On 5th September every year Teachers' Day is celebrated to show gratitude for the efforts and service of teachers. It is the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.

Shortcut Trick When given numbers have the same base but different exponents, their L.C.M. is the base raised to the highest power. Given numbers: 37, 312, and 317 Comparing the powers: 17 > 12 > 7 The highest power is 17. ∴ The correct answer is 317. Alternate Method Given: The numbers are 37, 312, and 317. Method: Prime Factorization for Exponential Numbers. ⇒ First number = 37 ⇒ Second number = 312 = 37 × 35 ⇒ Third number = 317 = 312 × 35 = 37 × 35 × 35 ⇒ The Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.) is the product of the highest powers of all prime factors involved. ⇒ L.C.M. = 3max(7, 12, 17) ⇒ L.C.M. = 317 ∴ The correct answer is 317. Additional Information H.C.F. of Exponential Numbers For numbers with the same base, the Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.) is the base raised to the lowest power. For example, H.C.F.(37, 312, 317) = 37. L.C.M. of Fractions The L.C.M. of fractions = (L.C.M. of Numerators) ÷ (H.C.F. of Denominators). Negative Exponents Rule If the powers are negative, such as 3−7, 3−12, 3−17, the L.C.M. is still the highest power (which would be 3−7 as −7 > −17).

Position of alphabets as per English alphabetical series:

Word ACADEMIC is coded as:

Similarly, Word BOUNDARY is coded as:

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Formula used:

A n =  a + (n - 1)d

Where a = first term, n = no of terms and d = common difference

Calculation:

Here,

a = √2

d = 3√2 - √2 = 2√2

A 18  = √2 + (18 - 1)2√2

A 18  = √2 + 17 × 2√2

A 18  = 35√2

∴ The correct answer is 35√2.

The logic followed here is:

Given: 

The darker triangle and semicircle are shifted to the vertical line and the landscape 's' will change as the mirror image.

Similarly. 

Hence, the correct answer is 

.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Shortcut Trick

Find individual remainders of 1421, 1423, and 1425 when divided by 12.

Individual remainders → 1421 ÷ 12 (rem = 5), 1423 ÷ 12 (rem = 7), 1425 ÷ 12 (rem = 9).

Multiply the remainders: 5 × 7 × 9 = 315.

Final Remainder = 315 ÷ 12 → 312 is divisible (12 × 26), so remainder is 3.

∴ The correct answer is 3.

Alternate Method

Given: Expression = 1421 × 1423 × 1425 and Divisor = 12.

Formula Used: Remainder of (A × B × C) / D = [Rem(A/D) × Rem(B/D) × Rem(C/D)] / D

⇒ Remainder (1421 ÷ 12): 1421 = (12 × 118) + 5 → Remainder = 5

⇒ Remainder (1423 ÷ 12): 1423 = (12 × 118) + 7 → Remainder = 7

⇒ Remainder (1425 ÷ 12): 1425 = (12 × 118) + 9 → Remainder = 9

⇒ Product of remainders = 5 × 7 × 9 = 315

⇒ Dividing 315 by 12: 315 = (12 × 26) + 3

⇒ Required Remainder = 3

∴ The correct answer is 3.

Additional Information

Remainder Multiplication Property

If R₁ and R₂ are the remainders when A and B are divided by N, then the remainder when (A × B) is divided by N is the remainder of (R₁ × R₂) divided by N.

Negative Remainder Concept

Sometimes using a negative remainder simplifies calculations. For example, 11 mod 12 can be written as −1. Here, 9 mod 12 can be written as −3 to speed up multiplication.

Divisibility Rule of 12

A number is divisible by 12 if it is simultaneously divisible by both 3 (sum of digits) and 4 (last two digits).

The correct answer is precipitate carbon particles from smoke.

Key Points

• Cottrell precipitator is an electrostatic device used for treating cement mill dust, sulfuric acid mist, power-plant fly ash, metallurgical fumes etc.
• Cottrell precipitator is a type of electrostatic precipitator. It is used for the purification of gas. Cottrell precipitator works on the principle of neutralization. It neutralizes the charge on the carbon particles.
• The major components of electrostatic precipitators are collection electrodes, discharge electrodes, high voltage power supply, precipitator controls, rapping or spray washing systems, purge air systems. Electrostatic precipitators can be designed as either single or two-stage configurations.

Formula used:

Area of circle = πr²

Calculation:

Old Area = π × 100 × 100

New Area = π × 103 × 103

Change in Area = π (10609 - 10000)

⇒ 609 × π 

Percentage increase = [609 π /π × 100 × 100] × 100

⇒ 6.09%

∴ The correct answer is 6.09%

Formula used:

Average = Sum of all terms/Number of terms

Calculation:

⇒ (5 + 7 + 9 + x + 15)/5 = 10

⇒ 50 = 5 + 7 + 9 + x + 15

⇒ x = 14

Now,

⇒ 12 × 7 = 17 + 8 + 19 + 16 + x + y + 4

⇒ 84 = 17 + 8 + 19 + 16 + x + y + 4

⇒ x + y = 20

⇒ y = 20 - 14 = 6

∴ The correct answer is 6.

The correct answer is $\frac{MR^2}{4}$

Concept:

• Moment of Inertia: Moment of inertia plays the same role in rotational motion as mass plays in linear motion. It is the property of a body due to which it opposes any change in its state of rest or of uniform rotation.
• And the moment of inertia of a particle is given as I = MR2

Perpendicular axis theorem: This theorem states that the moment of inertia of a plane lamina about an axis perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of its moments of inertia about two perpendicular axes concurrent with the perpendicular axis and lying in the plane of the body.

Hence it can be expressed as ${I_z} = {I_y} + {I_x}$

Here Ix, Iy and Iz are the moment of inertia of an object along X, Y and Z- axis respectively

Explanation:

Now the moment of inertia of a disc about an axis through its centre of mass = ${I_{CM}} = \frac{1}{2}M{R^2}$

And according to the given condition if the given disc is rotated about one of its diameters

Hence its rotation can be either along X-axis or Y-axis and the Centre of mass will be situated at the origin as shown below

From this, we can see that Ix = Iy , since the disc is uniform and it doesn’t matter if it's rotated along any of the diameters its moment of inertia will be the same i.e., ID = Ix = Iy

Now by using perpendicular axis theorem IZ = Ix + IY = 2ID

And since the Centre of the mass of the given disc is situated at the origin, Iz = IC.M = ½ MR2

∴ ${I_Z} = \frac{1}{2}M{R^2} = 2{I_D} \Rightarrow {I_D} = \frac{{M{R^2}}}{4}$

 Important Points

This is a moment of inertia of a circular disc about the different axis of rotation

Diagram:

The distance between Radha's original position and her final position si (30 + 10) = 40m

Hence, the correct answer is 40m.

The correct answer is Commercial banks will have less money to lend.

Key Points

• Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) refers to the percentage of deposits banks have to keep as reserve (in cash). This reserve sum is not available for banks for lending and thus if the CRR increases, banks will have less money to lend.
• As per RBI regulations, a portion of a bank’s total deposit has to be maintained with the RBI as reserves in the form of liquid cash. This portion is decided by the RBI. The higher the CRR, the lower the amount available for lending in the market.
• CRR is used by RBI to control the flow of money in the economy.

Additional Information

• CRR ensures transparency of a bank in borrowing and lending in the credit market. 
• CRR is also used to control inflation. When the inflation is high, RBI increases the CRR hence the banks are left with a lesser amount of money that can be lent as loans. As a result, the money flow is decreased and inflation is brought down.
• Cash Reserve Ratio was set as 4.5 % in Nov 2022.

Calculation:

By going through the option we can see that,

Here,

(3 : 2) and (1 : 1) are the only possible ratios for which 4x2 - 10xy + 6y2 = 0

⇒ 4 × 9 - 10 × 3 × 2 + 6 × 4 = 24 - 24 = 0

⇒ 4 - 10 + 6 = -6 + 6 = 0

 ∴ The correct answer is (3 ∶ 2) and (1 ∶ 1).

Alternate Method4x2 - 10xy + 6y2 = 0, then x ∶ y 

⇒ 4x2 - 6xy - 4xy + 6y2 = 0

⇒ 2x(2x - 3y) - 2y(2x - 3y) = 0

⇒ (2x - 2y)(2x - 3y) = 0

So, 2x = 2y   

x/y = 1/1

And 2x = 3y

x/y = 3/2

 ∴ The correct answer is (3 ∶ 2) and (1 ∶ 1).

The correct answer is Japan.

Key Points

• Shinzo Abe ( 21 September 1954 – 8 July 2022) was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan.
• He was the longest-serving prime minister in Japanese history.
• Abe, in his four terms as the prime minister of Japan, sought to upgrade the strategic Japan–India relationship. Abe initiated the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue between Japan, the United States, Australia, and India in 2007.
• On 8 July 2022 while speaking at a political event outside Yamato-Saidaiji Station in Nara City, Nara Prefecture, Japan he was assassinated.

Arnav's rank from the top of the class = 8^th

Arnav's rank from the bottom of the class = 39^th

So, the total number of students in the class (8 + 39) -1 = 46

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The logic followed here is:

Therefore, the numbers of rectangles are '20'.

Mistake PointsEvery square is a rectangle because it is a quadrilateral with all four angles right angles. However not every rectangle is a square, to be a square its sides must have the same length.

In option 1: Maize comes under Cereal.

In option 2: Tomato is a fruit and Potato is a vegetable.

In option 3: Books are found in Library.

In option 4: Students are found in Class.

All except option 2 follows the same relationship.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Position of alphabets as per English alphabetical series:

Relation between first and second term:

Similarly,

Relation between third and fourth term:

Hence, MS will come in the place of '?'.

Shortcut Trick

Difference in profit % = 5% − 3.5% = 1.5%

⇒ 1.5% of Cost Price = ₹120

⇒ 1% of Cost Price = ₹120 ÷ 1.5 = ₹80

⇒ 100% of Cost Price (CP) = ₹80 × 100 = ₹8000

∴ The correct answer is ₹8000.

Alternate Method

CP (100%)

New SP (103.5%)

Initial SP (105%)

Profit = 5%

Profit = 3.5%

Diff = 1.5% = ₹120

Cost Price = 100% = ₹8000

Given:

Initial intended profit = 5% of CP

New profit = 3.5% of CP

Reduction in profit = ₹120

Formula Used:

Change in Profit = (Initial Profit % − New Profit %) of CP

Calculation:

⇒ Decrease in profit % = 5% − 3.5% = 1.5%

⇒ According to the given data, 1.5% of Cost Price = ₹120

⇒ (1.5 ÷ 100) × CP = 120

⇒ CP = (120 × 100) ÷ 1.5

⇒ CP = 12000 ÷ 1.5

⇒ CP = ₹8000

∴ The correct answer is ₹8000.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit and Loss are always calculated on the Cost Price (CP) unless specifically stated otherwise. Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100.

Marked Price and Discount

The Marked Price (MP) is the labeled price of the item. Discount is always calculated on the MP. Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount.

Dishonest Dealer

When a dealer claims to sell at CP but uses false weight, his Profit % = (Error ÷ True Value) × 100, where True Value = Given Weight − Error.

The correct answer is elected in such manner as the state legislature determines.

Key Points

• Article 243C of the Indian Constitution deals with the Composition of Panchayats.
• Article 243C(5) defines The Chairperson of
• (a) Panchayat at the village level shall be elected in such manner as the Legislature of a State may, by law, provide; and
• (b) a Panchayat at the intermediate level or district level, shall be elected by, and from amongst, the elected members thereof.

Additional Information

• The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 added Part IX to the Constitution, “The Panchayats” and also added the Eleventh Schedule which consists of the 29 functional items of the panchayats.Part IX of the Constitution contains Article 243 to Article 243 O.

The correct answer is ​Asian elephant.

Key Points

• Rajaji National national park, most famous for its elephant population.
• Located at the Himalayan foothills, near Haridwar, Rishikesh and Dehradun, with Ganga and Song rivers, flowing through it, the park is known for its scenic beauty and rich bio-diversity.
• A paradise for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts, the park is home to elephants, tigers, leopards, deers and ghorals, and a wide variety of birds. In 1983, three sanctuaries in Uttarakhand - Rajaji, Motichur and Chilla - were amalgamated into a large protected area and named Rajaji National Park, in honour of freedom fighter and and first governor general of India Late C Rajagopalachari; popularly known as “Rajaji”.
• This area is the north-western limit of Asian elephants. Spread over an area of 820.42 sq km, Rajaji is a magnificent ecosystem nestled in the Shivalik ranges at the start of the vast Indo–Gangetic plains, thus representing vegetation of several distinct zones and forest types.

The correct answer is B.

Key Points

• Pampas is the grassland of South America.
• As per UNESCO, land covered with herbaceous plants with less than 10% tree and shrub cover, is termed Grasslands.
• The vegetation in grasslands is primarily dominated by herbs and grass.
• They are transitional landscapes between desert and forest ecosystems.

Additional Information

Calculation:

Let the numbers be x and y

⇒ x - y = 840

According to question,

⇒ 5% of x = 15% of y

⇒ x/y = 3/1

⇒ 3 - 1 = 840

⇒ 2 = 840

⇒ 1 = 420

1^st Number = 3 × 420 = 1260

2^nd Number = 1 × 420 = 420

∴ The correct answer is 1260,420.

Concept used:

A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of digits at its odd places and that of digits at the even places is either 0 or divisible by 11.

Calculation:

⇒ (6 + 8 + 4 + 8) - (4 + * + 5)

⇒ (26) - (9 + *)

⇒ 17 - * 

And the above number must be multiple of 11,

∴ 17 - * = 11

⇒ * = 6

∴ The correct answer is 6.

Decoding the codes, we get

2 × 3 = 49

(2)²  = 4 and (3)² = 9

Similarly,

3 × 4 = 916

(3)²  = 9

(4)² = 16

Similarly,

(9)² = 81  and (7)² = 49

So, 9 × 7 = 8149

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The logic followed here is: 

The water image is just a reflection where the top and bottom parts of the images change while the left and right sides of the image remain the same.

So, the water image of INTREST is

Therefore, the required water image is: 

.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Additional Information

The reflection of an object into the water is its water image. It appears by inverting an object vertically i.e. upside down.

The water image of the figure looks like the mirror image of the figure in case the mirror is horizontally at the bottom of the figure.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• Recently, the Archeological Survey of India has found new sites in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve of Madhya Pradesh.
• ​26 Buddhist Caves, pertaining to the Mahayana sect of Buddhism, were discovered dating back to the 2nd and 5th centuries CE.
• The 24 inscriptions in Brahmi script were also found dating back to the same period.
• The inscriptions mentioned the names of kings like Bhimsena, Pothasiri, and Bhattadeva.
• The caves and their remains had ‘Chaitya’ (place of worship) and stone beds which is a typical feature of Mahayana Buddhism sites.

Additional Information

• Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve was notified as a national park in 1968 and in 1993 it was declared a tiger reserve.
• Along with a large number of Tigers, Bengal Foxes, Asiatic Jackals, Striped Hyenas, Sloth Bears, Leopard, Nilgai, Wild Pigs, Chinkara, and Gaur are also found in it.
• The tiger reserve is home to more than 250 species of birds.

Shortcut Trick

Using the deviation method for averages:

Average of new members = Old Average + [ (Total members × Increase in avg) ÷ New members ]

⇒ Average of 3 new girls = 50 + [ (18 × 3) ÷ 3 ]

⇒ Average = 50 + 18 = 68

∴ The correct answer is ₹68.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial girls = 15

Initial average = ₹50

New girls joined = 3

Increase in average = ₹3

Formula Used:

Average = Sum of observations ÷ Number of observations

15 Girls @ ₹50

3 Girls @ ₹68

New Average = ₹53 Dev: −₹3

Dev: +₹15 Total 18 Girls

Calculations:

⇒ Total amount of 15 girls = 15 × 50 = ₹750

⇒ Total girls after 3 join = 15 + 3 = 18

⇒ New average = 50 + 3 = ₹53

⇒ Total amount of 18 girls = 18 × 53 = ₹954

⇒ Total amount of 3 new girls = 954 − 750 = ₹204

⇒ Average amount of 3 new girls = 204 ÷ 3 = ₹68

∴ The correct answer is ₹68.

Additional Information

Weighted Average

When two groups with sizes n₁ and n₂ have averages A₁ and A₂, the combined average is calculated as (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

New Member Joining

If a new person joins a group and the average increases, the value of the new person = Old Average + (Total new members × Increase in Average).

Member Leaving

If a person leaves a group and the average decreases, the value of the leaving person = Old Average + (Remaining members × Decrease in Average).

The correct answer is Kunwar Singh.

Key Points

• Kunwar Singh was the leader of the revolt of 1857 in Jagdishpur (Bihar).
• ​Veer Kunwar Singh belonged to the Ujjainiya clan of the Parmar Rajputs of Jagdispur (Bhojpur district) Bihar.
• In the 1857 rebellion, Kunwar Singh was assisted by both his commander-in-chief, Hare Krishna Singh, and his brother, Babu Amar Singh.
• He was an expert in guerilla warfare techniques and passed away while bravely fighting against the British forces on 26th April 1858.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is voltmeter.

Key Points 

• A Voltmeter is an instrument used to measure the potential difference in a circuit.
• A voltmeter is always connected in parallel in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points.
• Unit of Potential Difference - Volt.
• A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter by connecting a large resistance in series.
• Voltmeter was invented by Hans Orested.

Additional Information 

The logic follows here:

If you arrange the word from the down side to the upper side it makes a meaningful word.

Option (1):

 → LIDES → No meaningful word was created.

Option (2):

 → IDESL → No meaningful word was created.

Option (3):

 → DESLI → No meaningful word was created.

Option (4):

 → SLIDE → Meaningful word was created.

Only option (4) forms a meaningful English word (SLIDE).

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is Neena Gupta.

Key Points

• Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians 2021 has been awarded to Neena Gupta.
• ​Professor Neena Gupta, a mathematician at the ISI-Kolkata, was awarded the 2021 DST-ICTP-IMU Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians from developing countries for her outstanding work in commutative algebra, and affine algebraic geometry.
• She is the third woman to receive the prestigious Ramanujan Prize.

Additional Information

• Ramanujan Prize is awarded annually to a renowned Mathematician who is less than 45 years of age.
• It is given by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste.
• It is sponsored by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India.

The correct answer is Netaji express.

Key Points 

• Indian Railways has renamed the Howrah-Kalka mail as Netaji Express.
• ​The train is operational since 1866 and it has been in service of the nation for over 150 years.
• The Netaji Express is one of the oldest running trains in the Indian Railways network.

Additional Information

• Recently renamed places in the news are:
• Rajpath - Kartavya Path
• Chandigarh International Airport - Shaheed Bhagat Singh
• Aurangabad - Sambhaji Nagar
• Jhansi Railway Station - Veerangana Laxmibai Railway Station
• Osmanabad - Dharashiv

The correct answer is Ratnakar Shetty.

Key Points

• Ratnakar Shetty authored his autobiography titled "On Board Trial and Triumph: My Years in BCCI".
• ​The book was released by the former president of the MCA, BCCI, and International Cricket Council, Sharad Pawar.
• Ratnakar Shetty was the first Chief Administrative Officer of the BCCI.

Additional Information 

Interchanging signs given in option 1:

Equation: 20 ÷ 4 + 6 × 3 - 4 = 19

⇒ 5 + 6 × 3 - 4 = 19

⇒ 5 + 18 - 4 = 19

⇒ 23 - 4 = 19

⇒ 19 = 19

Interchanging signs given in option 2:

Equation: 20 + 4 - 6 × 3 ÷ 4 = 19

⇒ 20 + 4 - 6 × 0.75 = 19

⇒ 20 + 4 - 4.5 = 19

⇒ 19. 5 ≠ 19

Interchanging signs given in option 3:

Equation: 20 - 4 + 6 ÷ 3 × 4 = 19

⇒ 20 - 4 + 2 × 4 = 19

⇒ 20 - 4 + 8 = 19

⇒ 28 - 4 = 19

⇒ 24 ≠ 19

Interchanging signs given in option 4:

Equation: 20 - 4 × 6 + 3 ÷ 4 = 19

⇒ 20 - 4 × 6 + 0.75 = 19

⇒ 20 - 24 + 0.75 = 19

⇒ 20.75 - 24 = 19

⇒ -3.25 ≠ 19

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is Article 163.

Key Points

• Article 163 of the Constitution provided for the Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister as its head to aid and advice the Governor.
• ​It also mentions that any such advice tendered by Ministers to the Governor shall not be inquired into in any court of law.

Additional Information

• Article 162 - The Extent of Executive Power of States
• Article 164 - Other Provisions as to Ministers
• Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State

Calculation:

$4\frac{5}{6}, 6\frac{7}{9}, 7\frac{8}{9},7\frac{7}{10}$

⇒ 29/6, 61/9,71/9,77/10

By making the denominator same we have,

⇒ 435/90, 610/90, 710/90, 693/90

Out of the above numbers the greatest is 710.

∴ The correct answer is $7\frac{8}{9}$.

The number of square in the given figure is ACOQ, AGIB, BICK, GIOP, IKPQ, EDHI, DFIJ, HILM, IJMN, EFLN. 

There are ten square in the given figure. 

Hence There are ten square in the figure.

The correct answer is 1963.

Key Points

• The "National Seeds Corporation (NSC)" was established in 1963.
• ​The National Seeds Corporation (NSC) is a Government of India-owned Miniratna.
• It is responsible for the production of seeds in India.
• NSC produces 1.5 lakh tons of seeds annually.

Additional Information

• Miniratna PSUs are further categorized as Miniratna Category-I and Miniratna Category-II companies.
• Miniratna Category-I PSUs are those companies that have made profits for three consecutive years or have earned a net profit of Rs. 30 crores or more in one of the three years.
• Miniratna Category-II PSUs are those companies that have made profits for three consecutive years and have a positive net worth.
• Some of the important Miniratna Companies are:
• Airport Authority of India
• Antrix Corporation Limited
• Central Warehousing Corporation
• Goa Shipyard Limited
• Hindustan Copper Limited
• Indian Rare Earths Limited

The correct answer is Finland.

Key Points

• Helsinki is the capital city of Finland.
• ​Finland is a Northern European country.
• It shares borders with Norway, Sweden, and Russia.
• The current Prime Minister of Finland is Petteri Orpo (as of March 2024)
• The current President of Finland is Alexander Stubb (as of March 2024)
• The currency of Finland is Euro.

Additional Information

• The capital of Iceland is Reykjavík.
• The capital of Lithuania is Vilnius.
• The capital of Latvia is Riga.

The correct answer is Optical isomerism

Key Points

• Lactic acid shows Optical isomerism.

Optical isomerism:

• When two isomers rotate plane polarised light in different directions, then they are known as optical isomers.
• The phenomenon is known as optical isomerism.

​​Criteria to show optical isomerism-

• Absence of centre of Symmetry - when a line is drawn from the centre of a molecule towards the corner of each atom, it should not encounter similar atoms.
• Absence of plane of symmetry - A real or imaginary plane, vertical or horizontal when passed through a molecule, bisects it so that one half of the molecule should not be the mirror image of the other half.
• The presence of a Chiral centre - An object or molecule which has no plane of symmetry and is not superimposable on its mirror image is said to be chiral or dissymmetric.

Given:

x² + y² + z² = 138

xy + yz + zx = 131

Formula used:

(x + y + z)² = x² + y² + z² + 2(xy + yz + zx)

Calculation:

⇒ (x + y + z)2 = 138 + 2 × 131

⇒ (x + y + z)2 = 138 + 262

⇒ (x + y + z)2 = 400

⇒ x + y + z = 20

∴ The correct answer is 20.

The correct answer is Jorhat.

Key Points

• India's first pure green hydrogen plant was commissioned in Jorhat.
• The green hydrogen plant was commissioned in 3 months at the Jorhat Pump Station.
• ​It is an initiative of Oil India Limited (OIL).
• It has a capacity of 10 kg per day.

Additional Information

• Types of hydrogen fuel are:
• Green Hydrogen - It is produced by electrolysis of H₂O using renewable energy sources like Solar, Wind, etc.
• Brown Hydrogen - It is produced using coal.
• Grey Hydrogen - It is produced using natural gas when the emission is released.
• Blue Hydrogen - It is produced using natural gas when the emission is captured.

Shortcut Trick

If a pipe fills a tank in x days but takes y days due to a leak, the leak alone empties the full tank in (x × y) ÷ (y − x) days.

Here, x = 40 days and y = 40 + 20 = 60 days.

Time to empty full tank = (40 × 60) ÷ (60 − 40) = 2400 ÷ 20 = 120 days.

Time to empty half the tank = 120 ÷ 2 = 60 days.

∴ The correct answer is 60 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by the pipe normally to fill the tank = 40 days

Time taken by the pipe along with the leak to fill the tank = 40 + 20 = 60 days

Concept Used:

Total Work = LCM of given time values

Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time

Calculations:

⇒ Efficiency of the leak = Combined Efficiency − Pipe Efficiency

⇒ Efficiency of the leak = 2 − 3 = −1 unit/day

⇒ The negative sign implies that the leak empties 1 unit of water per day.

⇒ Total capacity of the tank = 120 units

⇒ Water to be emptied = 120 ÷ 2 = 60 units (since half the tank is to be emptied)

⇒ Time taken by the leak to empty half the tank = 60 ÷ 1 = 60 days

∴ The correct answer is 60 days.

Additional Information

Inlet and Outlet Pipes

An inlet pipe adds water to a cistern and has a positive work rate, whereas an outlet pipe or a leak drains water and has a negative work rate.

Combined Net Rate

When both filling pipes and leaks operate simultaneously, the net efficiency is simply the algebraic sum of their individual efficiencies (adding for inlets, subtracting for outlets).

Partial Work Rule

The time required to finish a specific portion of work is proportional to that fraction. For example, emptying half a tank requires exactly half the time it takes to empty the full tank.

The logic followed here is:

In 1^st cube 4 and 6 are adjacent faces to 2.

In 2^nd cube 2 and 3 are adjacent faces to 5.

Now draw an open dice for the above condition;

Therefore, '2' is at the top when 1 is at the bottom.

Hence, "Option (4)" is the correct answer. 

Additional Information The logic followed here is:

Concept: If two dice are thrown in different orientations but one face is common. Then the remaining surfaces are opposite each other.

To find the opposite face use the below method.

2 is common in both dice, so putting 2 as a constant term we have rotated two dice in a clockwise direction.

Therefore, '2' is at top of 1.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The correct answer is Sharda.

Key Points

• Sharda was the script of North-West India during the early medieval period.
• ​Sharda is the original script of Kashmir named after the goddess Sharda aka Saraswati.
• It evolved from the Western branch of Brahmi 1200 years ago.
• It is an abugida writing system.

Additional Information

• Other ancient scripts include:
• Indus Script
• Kharosthi Script
• Grantha Script
• Takri Script
• Kadamba Script

Logic used: 

 'BOAT' is written as 'TBAO'

Last letter T is placed in first, First letter B is shifted to second position, Second letter O is shifted to last and Third letter T is placed as it is. 

 'FAIR is written as 'RFIA'. 

Last letter R is placed in first, First letter F is shifted to second position, Second letter A is shifted to last and Third letter I is placed as it is. 

 'GAIN ' is written as 'NGIA'

Hence 'NGIA' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Sri Lanka.

Key Points

• Sri Lanka had a higher ranking in the human development index in 2021 as compared to India.
• ​The rank of India in the HDI 2021 was 132.
• The rank of Myanmar in the HDI 2021 was 149.
• The rank of Pakistan in the HDI 2021 was 161.
• The rank of Nepal in the HDI 2021 was 143.
• The rank of Sri Lanka in the HDI 2021 was 73.

Additional Information

• HDI is annually published by the Human Development Report Office for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
• It was published in 1990 for the first time.
• The four indicators used in measuring the HDI are:
• Life expectancy at birth
• Expected years of schooling
• Mean years of schooling
• Gross national income (GNI)

The figure that completes the pattern of the given figure is shown below:

Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

1st year SI = 10% of ₹300 = ₹30

Total paid after 1 year = ₹60

Remaining principal for 2nd year = 300 − 60 = ₹240

2nd year amount = 240 + 30 + 24 = ₹294

∴ The correct answer is ₹294.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal = ₹300

Rate of simple interest = 10%

Amount returned after 1 year = ₹60

Formula Used:

SI = P × R × T ÷ 100

 Start ₹300 After 1 Year Paid ₹60 2nd Year Due ₹294 New Principal = ₹240

Calculations:

⇒ SI for 1 year = 300 × 10 × 1 ÷ 100 = ₹30

⇒ Amount paid at end of 1 year = ₹60

⇒ Principal for 2nd year = 300 − 60 = ₹240

⇒ Interest for 2nd year = 240 × 10 × 1 ÷ 100 = ₹24

⇒ Amount to clear dues at end of 2nd year = 240 + 30 + 24 = ₹294

∴ The correct answer is ₹294.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Formula

SI = P × R × T ÷ 100 where P = Principal, R = Rate and T = Time.

Part Payment Rule

In some exam questions, the returned amount is directly deducted from principal for the next year calculation.

Difference Between SI and CI

In simple interest, interest is not added to principal for future interest calculation, unlike compound interest.

Mistake Point

Here second year interest is calculated on ₹240, not ₹270. The ₹30 first-year interest is not added again in simple interest.

Shortcut Trick

First, simplify the given fractions to their lowest terms: 2/4 = 1/2, 5/6 = 5/6, and 10/8 = 5/4.

Apply the standard formula: L.C.M. of Fractions = L.C.M. of Numerators ÷ H.C.F. of Denominators.

Numerators: 1, 5, 5 → L.C.M. = 5.

Denominators: 2, 6, 4 → H.C.F. = 2.

L.C.M. = 5/2.

∴ The correct answer is 5/2.

Alternate Method

Given: Fractions 2/4, 5/6, and 10/8.

Formula Used: L.C.M. (a/b, c/d, e/f) = [L.C.M. of (a, c, e)] / [H.C.F. of (b, d, f)]

⇒ Convert fractions to their lowest terms: 2/4 = 1/2; 5/6 = 5/6; 10/8 = 5/4.

⇒ Numerators of the simplified fractions are 1, 5, and 5.

⇒ Denominators of the simplified fractions are 2, 6, and 4.

⇒ L.C.M. of (1, 5, 5): Since 5 is the multiple of 1 and 5, L.C.M. = 5.

⇒ H.C.F. of (2, 6, 4): Factors of 2 = 1, 2; Factors of 6 = 1, 2, 3, 6; Factors of 4 = 1, 2, 4. The Highest Common Factor is 2.

⇒ Required L.C.M. = L.C.M. (Numerators) / H.C.F. (Denominators) = 5/2.

∴ The correct answer is 5/2.

Additional Information

H.C.F. of Fractions

The H.C.F. of a set of fractions is calculated as H.C.F. of Numerators ÷ L.C.M. of Denominators.

Simplest Form Prerequisite

Before applying L.C.M. or H.C.F. formulas to fractions, they must be reduced to their lowest terms (where numerator and denominator are co-prime).

Relation between L.C.M. and H.C.F.

For any two numbers x and y, the product of the numbers equals the product of their L.C.M. and H.C.F.: x × y = L.C.M.(x, y) × H.C.F.(x, y).

The correct answer is Rajraja I.

Key Points

• The Rajarajeswara temple of Tanjore was built by Rajraja I.
• ​It was built between 1003 and 1010 AD.
• The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• It is also called Dakshina Meru.

Additional Information

• About Rajraja I:
• His rule was from 985 CE to 1014 CE.
• He is known for his successful conquests against Cheras, Pandyas, Northern Ceylon, Chalukyas, etc.
• He was succeeded by his son Rajendra I.