Bihar Vidhan Parishad (DEO) Official Paper (Held On: 24 Sept, 2023) (Previous Year Paper)

Given:

 \(\dfrac{ 2}{5} \)of  three-fourths of a number is 174

Calculation:

Let the number be X

⇒ \(\dfrac{ 2}{5} × \dfrac{3}{4} × X\) = 174 

⇒ 2 × 3 × X = 174 × 5 × 4 

⇒ X = \(\dfrac{174 × 4 × 5}{2 × 3} \)

⇒ X = 580 

∴ That number is 580.

Given:

\(\dfrac{3}{4}\) of \(\dfrac{2}{3}\) of a number is 782

Calculation:

Let, the unknown number be x.

⇒  \(\dfrac{3}{4} \) × \(\dfrac{2}{3} \) × x  = 782 

⇒ x = 3 × 2 = 782 × 4 × 3

⇒ x = \(\dfrac{782 × 4 × 3}{3 × 2} \) 

⇒ x = 1564

Now, \(\dfrac{3}{5} \) of \(\dfrac{1}{4} \) of 1564

⇒ \(\dfrac{3}{5} \) × \(\dfrac{1}{4} \) × 1564 = 234.6

∴ Option (4) is the correct answer.

Given:

The student was asked to multiply by a number = \(\dfrac{3}{2} \)

But he divides the number = \(\dfrac{3}{2} \)

Calculation:

Let the number be 'x'.

Number when multiply by \(\dfrac{3}{2} \) = \(\dfrac{3x}{2} \)

Number when divide by \(\dfrac{3}{2} \)= \(\dfrac{x}{ \dfrac{3}{2} } \) = \(\dfrac{2x}{3} \)

According to the question,

⇒\(\dfrac{3x}{ 2} \) –\(\dfrac{2x}{ 3} \) = 10

⇒\(\dfrac{9x-4x}{6} \) = 10

⇒ 5x = 60

⇒ x = 12

∴ The number was 12.

Given:

x * y = 3x + 2y then 2 * 3 + 3 * 4 = ? 

Calculation:

x * y = 3x + 2y

2 * 3 = 3 × 2 + 2 × 3 = 6 + 6 = 12

3 * 4 = 3 × 3 + 2 × 4 = 9 + 8 = 17 

Now, 2 * 3 + 3 * 4 = 12 + 17 = 29

∴ 2 * 3 + 3 * 4 = 29

Given:

The cost of 24 bats and 32 hockey sticks is Rs. 8400.

Calculation:

According to the question,

⇒ 24 b + 32 h = 8400 →(1)

Divide the equation by 8

⇒ \(\dfrac{24\text{b}}{8} \) + \(\dfrac{ 32\text{h}}{8} \) = \(\dfrac{ 8400}{8} \)

⇒ 3b +4h = 1050

∴ The cost of 3 bats and 4 hockey sticks is Rs. 1050.

Given:

The average age of 80 children in a class is 15 years.

The average age of a group of 15 children is 16 years.

The average age of the other 25 children in the class is 14 years.

Formula used:

Average = Sum of Observations/Number of Observations

Calculation:

Total age of 80 children = 80 × 15 = 1200 years.

Total age of 15 children = 15 × 16 = 240 years

Total age of 25 children = 25 × 14 = 350 years

Remaining children = 80 - 15 - 25 = 40

∴ The average age of the remaining 40 children = \(\dfrac{ 1200 - 240 - 350 }{40} \) 

⇒ \(\dfrac{ 610}{40} \) = 15.25 years

∴ The average age of the remaining children in the class is 15.25 years.

Given:

The ratio between the speeds of car, jeep, and tractor is 3 ∶ 5 ∶ 2 respectively.

The speed of the Jeep is 250% of the speed of the tractor.

The tractor covers a distance of 360 km in 12 hours.

Formula used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

The tractor covers a distance of 360 kilometers in 12 hours.

The speed of the tractor  = \(\dfrac{ 360}{12} \)= 30 km/hour.

The speed of the Jeep = \(\dfrac{250}{100} \)×  speed of tractor = \(\dfrac{250}{100} \) × 30 = 75 km/hour.

We know that if the speed of the tractor is 2 units, the speed of the Jeep is 5 units.

According to Question,

1 unit of speed = \(\dfrac{30}{2} \) = 15 km/hour

The speed of the car = 3 × 15 = 45 km/hour.

The average of speed of the car and the Jeep = \(\dfrac{75+45}{2} \) = 60 km/hr

∴ The average speed of the car and the Jeep is 60 km/hr.

Given:

The initial volume of solution = 3 litres.

Percentage of sugar in the solution = 40%.

The volume of water added = 1 litre.

Calculation:

Amount of sugar = 40% of 3L = \(\dfrac{40}{100} \times 3 \) = 1.2 litres.

New total volume = Initial volume + Added volume

⇒ 3L + 1L = 4 litres

New percentage of sugar = (Sugar Volume/Total Volume) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{1.2}{4} \times 100\) = 30%

∴ When 1 litre of water is added to this solution then the percentage of sugar will be 30%.

Given:

Increment in length = 10% and Decrement in breadth = 10%

Formula used:

Use Successive Percentage:

Percentage change = (A + B + AB/100)%

Calculation:

According to the question,

A = 10% and B = - 10%

Percentage change = [10 - 10 + (10 × -10)/100]% = - 1%

∴ The area of the new rectangle is decreased by 1%.

Given:

Profit on article A = 40%

Loss on article B = 20%

Total Profit = Rs. 18

Cost Price of A = Cost Price of B - Rs. 140

Formula used:

Selling Price for profit = CP × (1 + Profit%)

Selling Price for loss = CP × (1 - Loss%)

Calculation:

Let CP of B = x So, CP of A = x - 140

SP of A with 40% profit = (x - 140) × 1.4

SP of B with 20% loss = x × 0.8

Total profit = (SP of A + SP of B) - (CP of A + CP of B)

⇒ 18 = ((x - 140) × 1.4 + x × 0.8) - (x - 140 + x)

⇒ 18 = 1.4x - 196 + 0.8x - 2x + 140

⇒ 18 = 0.2x - 56

⇒ 0.2x = 18 + 56

⇒ 0.2x = 74

⇒ x = 74/0.2 = 370

∴ The cost price of article B is Rs. 370.

Given:

Total profit = Rs. 490, Profit from 2/5^th part = 20%, and Loss from remaining part = 10%

Formula used:

Overall Profit = (Profit from part of the articles + Loss/Gain from the remaining part)

Calculation:

Let the total cost price be C.

The cost price of 2/5^th part = 2/5 × C

The cost price of remaining part = 3/5 × C

Profit from 2/5^th part = 20% of (2/5 × C) = 0.20 × 2/5 × C = 2/25 × C

Loss from remaining = 10% of (3/5 × C) = 0.10 × 3/5 × C = 3/50 × C

Net profit = 2/25 × C - 3/50 × C

⇒ 2/25C - 3/50C = 490 (Given net profit is Rs. 490)

⇒ (4 - 3)/50 × C = 490

⇒ 1/50 × C = 490

⇒ C = 490 × 50 = Rs. 24,500

∴ Seema bought the articles for Rs. 24,500.

Given:

Two alloys contain tin and iron in the ratio 1 ∶ 2 and 2 ∶ 3

Both the alloys are mixed in the ratio (by weight) of 3 ∶ 4 

Calculation:

Let ‘k’ kg of both the alloys are taken initially

Then, weight (in kg) of tin in first alloy = k/3 kg

Weight (in kg) of iron in first alloy = 2k/3 kg

Weight (in kg) of tin in second alloy = 2k/5 kg

Weight (in kg) of iron in second alloy = 3k/5 kg

If the two alloys are mixed in the proportion of 3 : 4 respectively (by weight)

Total weight of tin in newly formed alloy = 3(weight of tin in first alloy) + 4(weight of tin in second alloy)

Total weight of tin in newly formed alloy = \(3 \times \dfrac{k}{3} + 4 \times \dfrac{{2k}}{5}\) = k + 8k/5 = 13k/5 kg

Total weight of iron in newly formed alloy = 3(Weight of iron in first alloy) + 4(Weight of iron in second alloy)

Total weight of iron in newly formed alloy = \(3 \times \dfrac{{2k}}{3} + 4 \times \dfrac{{3k}}{5}\) = (2k + 12k/5) = (22k/5) kg

The ratio of tin and iron in the newly formed alloy = \(\dfrac{{13k}}{5}:\dfrac{{22k}}{5}\) = 13 : 22

∴ Option (4) is the correct answer.

Given:

The ratio of the present ages of Manthan and his mother is 3 ∶ 7 respectively

The ratio of the present ages of Manthan and his father is 5 ∶ and 14 respectively.

Calculation:

Let's denote Manthan's age as Ma, his mother's age as Mo, and his father's age as F.

According to the question,

Manthan's age to his mother's age forms a ratio of 3 : 7.

⇒ \(\dfrac{Ma}{Mo} = \dfrac{3}{7} \)

Manthan's age to his father's age forms a ratio of 5 : 14.

⇒ \(\dfrac{Ma}{F} = \dfrac{5}{14} \)

From these two equations, we can express the Mother's age and the Father's age in terms of Manthan's age:

⇒ Mo = \( \dfrac{7}{3} \) × M_a

⇒ F = \( \dfrac{14}{5} \) × M_a

Now we need to find the ratio of the Mother's age to the Father's age:

⇒ \(\dfrac{Mo}{F} \)= (\( \dfrac{7}{3} \)×  M_a)/(\(\dfrac{14}{5} \)  × M_a)

⇒ \(\dfrac{Mo}{F} \)= (\( \dfrac{7}{3} \))/(\(\dfrac{14}{5} \)) = (7 × 5)/(14 × 3) = \(\dfrac{35}{42} \) = \(\dfrac{5}{6} \)

∴ The ratio between the present ages of Manthan's mother and his father is 5:6.

Given:

A sum of money doubles itself in 20 years.

Formula used:

Simple Interest = \( \dfrac{\text{P}\times\text{R}\times\text{T}}{100} \)

Calculation:

According to the question, the sum of money doubles itself in 20 years.

⇒ 2P = P + P × r × 20 (For the Amount to double)

⇒ P = P × r × 20

⇒ 1 = 20r 

⇒ r = 0.05

Now, 3P = P + P × r × t.

⇒ 3 = 1 + 0.05 × t

⇒ t =\( \dfrac{ 3-1 }{0.05} \) = 40 years

∴ It will take 40 years for the money to triple at the same rate as simple interest.

Given:

A sum of money amounts to Rs. 2420 in 2 years and Rs. 2662 in 3 years.

Formula used:

Amount =  P(1 + rate)ⁿ

Calculation: 

According to Question:

A₁ = P(1 + R/100)² = 2420 

A₂ =  P(1 + R/100)³ = 2662

The ratio of these two should give us (1 + r), the growth for one year:

⇒ (1 + R/100) = \(\dfrac{\text{A}_1}{\text{A}_2} = \dfrac{2662}{2420} \)

⇒ 1 + R/100 = 1.1

⇒ R/100 = 1.1 - 1 = 0.1

⇒ R = 0.1 × 100 = 10%

∴ The annual interest rate is 10%.

The positional values of the letters are as follows:

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

So, MUSCLE will be coded as "VDF".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The positional values of the alphabet are as follows:

The logic followed here is as follows:

Similarly,

So, CLARIFICATION will be coded as "NSBEQK".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The positional values of the letters are as follows:

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

So, HARASSMENT will be coded as "ITDWJZ".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The positional values of the letters are as follows:

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

So, REPORTER will be coded as "QMB".

Hence, the correct answer is "Optionn 4".

The positional values of the letters are as follows:

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

So, the correct answer is "OQONHSNM".

The positional values of the letters are as follows:

The logic followed here is as follows:

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

So, "STUW" is the odd one here.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The positional values of the letters are as follows:

The logic followed here is as follows:

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

So, "IHGE" is the odd one here.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The positional values of the letters are as follows:

The logic followed here is as follows:

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

So, WYYZ is the odd one here.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a amily tree.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

The final family tree will be as follows:

From the above family tree, it is clear that "P is the aunt of Q".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

The final family tree will be as follows:

From the above family tree, it is clear that "P is the mother of Q".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

The final family tree will be as follows:

From the above family tree, it is clear that "P is the son of Q".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

The final family tree will be as follows:

So, from the above family tree, it is clear that "P is the brother-in-law of Q".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

The final family tree will be as follows:

From the above family tree, it is clear that "P is the husband of Q".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

The final family tree will be as follows:

So, from the above family tree, it is clear that "P is the sister of Q".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

The final family tree will be as follows:

So, from the above family tree, it is clear that "P is the uncle of Q".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

The final family tree will be as follows:

From the above family tree, it is clear that "P is the sister-in-law of Q".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

CONSTRUCTION  words have the letters C, O, N, S, T, R, U, I.

(1) SUCTION→ CONSTRUCTION → Can be formed.

(2) COINS → CONSTRUCTION  → Can be formed.

(3) CAUTION → CONSTRUCTION → Can not  be formed (A is missing.)

(4) NOTION → CONSTRUCTION → Can be formed.

So, the word that can not be formed by using the letters of the word CONSTRUCTION is "CAUTION".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

The word OBSTETRICIAN has the letters O, B, S, T, E, R, I, C, A, N.

(1) SOBER → OBSTETRICIAN → Can be formed.

(2) TERMITE → OBSTETRICIAN → Can not be formed (M is missing).

(3) RETAIN → OBSTETRICIAN → Can be formed 

(4) SIREN → OBSTETRICIAN → Can be formed.

So, the word that can not be formed by using the letters of the given word OBSTETRICIAN is "TERMITE".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

INTELLIGENCE words have the letters I, N, T, E, L, G, C.

(1) TILLAGE → INTELLIGENCE → Can not be formed (A is not present in the word INTELLIGENCE)

(2) INCITE → INTELLIGENCE → Can be formed.

(3) GENTLE → INTELLIGENCE → Can be formed.

(4) NEGLECT → INTELLIGENCE → Can be formed.

So, the word that can not be formed by using the letters of the word INTELLIGENCE is "TILLAGE".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is as follows:

Now, from the first and third statements, we can see that NEVER is coded as "fi" and together is not present in the given statements.

So, the code for  "Never together" in the given code language will be "fi uy".

Hence, the correct option is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is as follows:

From the third and fourth statement in the above diagram, it is clear that the code for "specific" is "dg".

Hence, the correct option is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is as follows:

From the first and second statement in the above diagram, it is clear that the code for "Others" in the given language is "ro".

Hence, the correct answer is "ro".

The logic followed here is as follows:

From the second and third statement in the above diagram, it is clear that ''el'' is coded for the word "be".

Hence, the correct option is ''Option 4".

The logic followed here is as follows:

From the third statement in the above figure, it is clear that the code for "time" in the given code language is "pa".

Hence, the correct option is "Option 4".

Given:

(i) There is a group of five persons - A, B, C, D and E.

(ii) One of them is a horticulturist, one is a physicist, one is a journalist, one is an industrialist and one is an advocate.

(iii) Three of them - A, C and the advocate prefer tea to coffee and two of them - B and the journalist - prefer coffee to tea. 

(iv) The industrialist and D and A are friends to one another but two of them prefer coffee to tea.

Because A is already like Tea means D and industrialist like coffee.

(v) The horticulturist is C's brother.

So, the final table will be as follows:

So, from the above table, it is clear that "A" is Industrialist.

Hence, the correct option is "Option 1".

Given:

(i) There is a group of five persons - A, B, C, D and E.

(ii) One of them is a horticulturist, one is a physicist, one is a journalist, one is an industrialist and one is an advocate.

(iii) Three of them - A, C and the advocate prefer tea to coffee and two of them - B and the journalist - prefer coffee to tea. 

(iv) The industrialist and D and A are friends to one another but two of them prefer coffee to tea.

Because A is already like Tea means D and industrialist like coffee.

(v) The horticulturist is C's brother.

So, the final table will be as follows:

So, from the above table, it is clear that "B" is Industrialist.

Hence, the correct option is "Option 3".

Given:

(i) There is a group of five persons - A, B, C, D and E.

(ii) One of them is a horticulturist, one is a physicist, one is a journalist, one is an industrialist and one is an advocate.

(iii) Three of them - A, C and the advocate prefer tea to coffee and two of them - B and the journalist - prefer coffee to tea. 

(iv) The industrialist and D and A are friends to one another but two of them prefer coffee to tea.

Because A is already like Tea means D and industrialists like coffee.

(v) The horticulturist is C's brother.

So, the final table will be as follows:

Now, let's check all the options one by one:

(1) ACE → Incorrect (Since E is Adovcate and E is present in the group).

(2) DE → Incorrect (Since E is Adovcate and E is present in the group).

(3) BCE → Incorrect (Since E is Adovcate and E is present in the group).

So, the correct answer is "None of these".

Given:

(i) There is a group of five persons - A, B, C, D and E.

(ii) One of them is a horticulturist, one is a physicist, one is a journalist, one is an industrialist and one is an advocate.

(iii) Three of them - A, C and the advocate prefer tea to coffee and two of them - B and the journalist - prefer coffee to tea. 

(iv) The industrialist and D and A are friends to one another but two of them prefer coffee to tea.

Because A is already like Tea means D and industrialists like coffee.

(v) The horticulturist is C's brother.

So, the final table will be as follows:

So, from the above table, it is clear that "C" is Physicst

Hence, the correct option is "Option 4".

Given:

(i) There is a group of five persons - A, B, C, D and E.

(ii) One of them is a horticulturist, one is a physicist, one is a journalist, one is an industrialist and one is an advocate.

(iii) Three of them - A, C and the advocate prefer tea to coffee and two of them - B and the journalist - prefer coffee to tea. 

(iv) The industrialist and D and A are friends to one another but two of them prefer coffee to tea.

Because A is already like Tea means D and industrialist like coffee.

(v) The horticulturist is C's brother.

So, the final table will be as follows:

Statement (v) is superfluous because It doesn't provide any additional information relevant to solving the problem or determining the preferences of the individuals. The relationship between the horticulturist and C being siblings does not affect the preferences for tea or coffee or their respective professions.

Hence, the correct option is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is as follows:

So, the figure that will continue the series is "Figure d".

Hence, the correct option is "Option 4".

The correct answer is Periyar lake.

Key Points

• A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by a narrow land form, such as reefs, barrier islands, barrier peninsulas, or isthmuses.
• Lagoons are commonly divided into coastal lagoons and atoll lagoons.
• Periyar lake
• Periyar lake is not a Lagoon.
• It is surrounded by mountain ridges of Candaman hills.
• Periyar is a longest river and the river with the largest discharge potential in the Indian state of Kerala.
• It is one of the few river in the region and provides drinking water for several major town.
• The Periyar is of utmost significance to the economy of Kerala.

Additional Information some famous lagoon of India 

• Chilika Lake-Odisha, Chilika Lake is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second-largest in the world. It is a designated Ramsar site
• Pulicat Lake - Tamil Nadu. The Satish Dhawan Space Centre is located at sriharikota near pulicat lake .
• Vembanad Lake In Kerala.
• Nizampatnam Lagoon In Andhra Pradesh.
• Kaliveli Lake In Tamil Nadu.
• Ashtamudi lagoon.
• Pennar lagoon.
• Paravur lagoon.
• Bendi lagoon.
• Ettikulam lagoon.

The Correct Answer is Mediterranean.

Key Points

• Mediterranean Climate​
• The Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
• The winter rainfall in the Mediterranean region is primarily due to the shifting of pressure belts.
• During the winter, the subtropical high-pressure belt shifts away from the Mediterranean region.
• This allows the westerly winds from the Atlantic Ocean to dominate, bringing moist air into the region.
• As the moist air moves over the Mediterranean Sea, it picks up additional moisture.
• When this air reaches the land, it rises and cools, leading to condensation and precipitation.
• This is why the Mediterranean region receives most of its rainfall in the winter months.
• While orographic rainfall can occur in the region, especially in mountainous areas, it is not the primary cause of winter rainfall in the Mediterranean region as a whole.
• Similarly, while winds do blow from the Mediterranean Sea towards the land, this is not the primary cause of the winter rainfall pattern.
• The key factor is the shifting of pressure belts, which changes the dominant wind patterns and bring moist air into the region.

Additional Information

• Mediterranean climate occurs around the Mediterranean sea, along the west coast of continents in subtropical latitudes between 30° - 40° latitudes e.g. - Central California, Central Chile, along the coast in south eastern and south-western Australia.
• These areas come under the influence of sub-tropical high in summer and westerly wind in winter.
• Hence, the climate is characterised by hot, dry summer and mild, rainy winter.
• The monthly average temperature in summer is around 25°C and in winter below 10°C.
• The annual precipitation ranges between 35 - 90 cm.

The correct answer is Singapore.

Key Points

• Subhash Chandra Bose  established the Azad Hind Fauj, also known as the Indian National Army (INA), on October 21, 1943
• On this day, India’s first independent provisional government named Azad Hind Government was announced.
• Every year on 21 October, the anniversary of the formation of Azad Hind Government is celebrated across the country.

Additional Information

• Subhas Chandra Bose born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, British India.
• Bose was deeply influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Mahatma Gandhi.
• He joined the Indian National Congress (INC) in the early 1920s and became a prominent leader.
• He was known for his militant approach towards achieving independence.
• Subhas Chandra Bose served as the President of the Indian National Congress for two terms, in 1938 and 1939.
• Bose founded the Forward Bloc in 1939, advocating for complete independence for India and opposing British rule.
• He gave the slogan "Jai Hind" ("Victory to India")

correct answer is 10ºN latitude

Key Points

• It is Located between 6° and 14° North Latitude and 92° and 94° East Longitude lie the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory in India.
• It consists of two groups of islands. The islands located north of 10° north latitude are known as Andaman while islands located south of 10° north latitude are called Nicobar.

Additional Information

• ​​​More than 300 islands make up the Andamans. North, Middle, and South Andaman, known collectively as Great Andaman, are the main islands; others include Landfall Island, Interview Island, the Sentinel Islands (where the Sentinelese tribes live), Ritchie’s Archipelago, and Rutland Island.
• The 10-degree channel which is about 145 km long separates Little Andaman in the south from the Nicobar Islands.
• The Nicobars consists of 19 islands. Among the most prominent is Car Nicobar in the north; Camorta, Katchall, and Nancowry in the centre of the chain; and Great Nicobarin the south. About 90 miles to the southwest of Great Nicobar lies the northwestern tip of Sumatra, Indonesia.

The Correct Answer is J.L. Nehru.

Key Points

• Afro-Asian Solidarity​
• The Afro-Asian conference was held in New Delhi from 18 to 24 April 1955.
• The conference was attended by representatives from 29 countries from Asia and Africa.
• The conference was aimed at promoting cooperation and solidarity among the countries of Asia and Africa.
• It also discussed a range of issues, including colonialism, racism, and economic development.
• The conference was a major milestone in the history of the Non-Aligned Movement.
• It helped to raise the profile of the movement and to promote its goals of peace, cooperation, and development.

​​ 

Additional Information

• ​Jawaharlal Nehru is the architect of India’s foreign policy.
• He initiated the Solidarity of the developing countries of the South.
• He was one of the founding members of the Non-Align movement.
• NAM members choose not to align with any superpower countries and to create an alliance of their own.

correct answer is The Prime Minister's Office (PMO)

Key Points

• PMNRF has not been constituted by the Parliament. The fund is recognized as a Trust under the Income Tax Act and the same is managed by Prime Minister or multiple delegates for national causes.
• PMNRF operates from the Prime Minister’s Office, South Block, New Delhi-110011 and does not pays any license fee.

Additional Information

• In pursuance of an appeal by the then Prime Minister, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru in January, 1948, the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund (PMNRF) was established.
• The resources of the PMNRF are now utilized primarily to render immediate relief to families of those killed in natural calamities like floods, cyclones and earthquakes, etc. and to the victims of the major accidents and riots. Assistance from PMNRF is also rendered, to partially defray the expenses for medical treatment like heart surgeries, kidney transplantation, cancer treatment and acid attack etc
• . The fund consists entirely of public contributions and does not get any budgetary support. The corpus of the fund is invested in various forms with scheduled commercial banks and other agencies.
• PMNRF is exempt under Income Tax Act, 1961 under Section 10 and 139 for return purposes. Contributions towards PMNRF are notified for 100% deduction from taxable income under section 80(G) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Prime Minister is the Chairman of PMNRF and is assisted by Officers/ Staff on honorary basis.

The Correct is Bangladesh.

Key Points

• India has 15,106.7 Km of land border and a coastline of 7,516.6 Km including island territories.
• ​Border Line share between India and Bangladesh is 4096.7 Km. It is the fifth-longest land border in the world. India and Bangladesh share one of the longest borders in the world and it covers an area of 1,43,998 sq km along with a coastline of 580 km.
• The India-Bangladesh border covers 4096 km, The boundary passes through West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.​​

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Anamudi.

Key Points

• Anamudi, situated in the Western Ghats, stands as the tallest peak in South India, boasting an elevation of 8,842 feet (2,695 meters).
• It is the highest point in India outside the Himalayan Mountain Ranges.
• Anamudi is a tall mountain found in Kerala's Eravikulam National Park.
• Anamudi, together with the Eravikulam Park, is home to one of the largest surviving populations of Asian elephants, Gaurs and the Nilgiri Tahrs.

Additional Information

• Doda Betta
• Doddabetta is the highest mountain in the Nilgiri Mountains at 2,637 meters (8,652 feet).
• There is a reserved forest area around the peak. It is 9 km from Ooty, on the Ooty-Kotagiri Road in the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu, and form part of Western Ghats.
• Guru Shikhar
• Guru Shikhar, located in the Aravalli Range of Rajasthan.
• It stands as the highest point in the Aravalli Range, reaching an elevation of 1,722 meters (5,650 feet).
• Mahendragiri
• Mahendragiri, situated in the Gajapati district of Odisha, India.
• Mahendragiri stands tall at an impressive 1,501 meters (4,925 feet).

The Correct Answer is Great Himalayas and Pir Panjal.

Key Points

• Valley of Kashmir​
• The valley of Kashmir lies between the Pir Panjal range and the Western end of the Great Himalayan ranges.
• This region comprises of Anantnag, Budgam, Bandipora, Kulgam, Shopian, Pulwama, Srinagar, Ganderbal, Baramulla and Kupwara districts of the UT.
• Kashmir has a continental type of climate.
• In summers, the climate is sub-tropical but in winters, it is Arctic type with long extreme winters and short summers.

Additional Information

• Himalayas​
• The Himalayas are one of the most complex mountain systems in the world. It forms a barrier between the Tibetan plateau and the Indian subcontinent.
• The mountain Himalayas includes the highest mountain peaks in the world. The ranges of the Himalayas are separated by deep valleys. Thus they create a highly dissected topography.
• These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra.
• The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern half than those in the western half.
• Spreading over Kashmir and northern Pakistan, the western Himalayan system splits into three distinct ranges, which are, from south to north, the Pir Panjal Range, the Zaskar Range, and the Ladakh Range. Further north is the Karakoram Range, which is a separate system adjoining the Himalayas.
• The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges in their longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. The northernmost range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the ‘Himadri’. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres.
• The range lying to the south of the Himadri forms the most rugged mountain system and is known as Himachal or lesser Himalaya. The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. The altitude varies between 3,700 and 4,500 metres and the average width is of 50 Km.
• While the Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range, the Dhaula Dhar and the Mahabharat ranges are also prominent ones.

This range consists of the famous valley of Kashmir, the Kangra and the Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh. This region is well known for its hill stations.

The Correct Answer is I, III, IV, II.

Key Points

• Indian States
• Areawise, Rajasthan is the largest state of India while population-wise Uttar Pradesh is the largest state of India.
• Rajasthan is followed by Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra at second and third positions respectively.
• The list of states in accordance to their area is as follows​

The correct answer is Barren.

Key Points

• Barren Island, one of the most easterly of the Andaman Islands, is the only confirmed active volcano in India.
• The island along with the rest of the Andamans is the A&N Islands and lies some 135 km northeast of the territory's Capital, Port Blair.
• This Volcano erupted First time in 1787 AD. Since then, the volcano has erupted more than ten times, with the most recent one being in 2022.
• Famous Scuba diving destination Havelock IslandNarcondam, India's easternmost island, is a small volcanic island located in the northern Andaman Sea is located near it.
• The island is a Protected area under Barren Island Wild Life Sanctuary.
• Barren Island belongs to the North and Middle Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Additional Information

• Narcondam, India's easternmost island, is a small other volcanic island located in the northern Andaman Sea.
• It was classified as a Dormant volcano by the Geological Survey of India.
• Narcondam Island's volcanic mountain, at 710 meters is the Second tallest point in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• The Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India.
• It consists of 572 islands grouped into two island groups, the Northern Andaman Islands and the southern Nicobar Islands.
• Andaman Territory is divided into North Andaman Island, Little Andaman, Middle Andaman Island, and South Andaman Island.
• Nicobar Island divided into Car Nicobar, Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar.
• The Ten Degree Channel is a channel that separates the Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands from each other in the Bay of Bengal.
• ]There are about 9 national parks, 96 wildlife sanctuaries, and one Biosphere Reserve in the islands.
• The Aborigines of A&N Island consist of the following Four tribes: Great Andamanese, Onges, Jarwas, Sentinalese Shompens, and Nicobarese.

The Correct Answer is Balwant Rai Mehta.

Key Points

• Decentralization System
• Democratic decentralization is the process of devolving the functions and resources of the state from the center to the elected representatives at the lower levels to facilitate greater direct participation of citizens in governance.
• 73^rd (1992)and 74^th (1992)Constitutional Amendments, by constitutionally establishing Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India, mandated the establishment of panchayats and municipalities as elected local governments.
• Local bodies need to be seen as institutions of self-governance as ‘delivery mechanisms’ to fulfill Gandhi’s vision of Gram Swaraj.
• The Decentralization System was recommended by the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee in India.
• The committee recommended a Three-tier Panchayati Raj system consisting of **Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, and Zila Parishad.**​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Setting up heavy industries which were capital intensive

Key Points

• The Mahalanobis Plan Model was adopted in India in the mid-fifties (1956-61) to establish capital-intensive heavy industries.
• This strategy laid the blueprint for India's Second Five Year Plan, which paved the way for industrialization.
• The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 aimed to promote industries in the underdeveloped regions of the country**.**​​​

Additional Information

• First 5 Year Plan:
• It was initiated during the period from 1951 to 1956, under the guidance of Jawaharlal Nehru.
• It was derived from the Harrod-Domar model but with several adjustments tailored to specific circumstances.
• Its primary emphasis lay in the advancement of agricultural sectors within the nation.
• Third Five-Year Plan:
• It was implemented during the period spanning 1961 to 1966, under the guidance of Jawaharlal Nehru.
• This plan is also called ‘Gadgil Yojna’, after the Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission D.R. Gadgil.
• While implementing this plan, India found itself embroiled in two conflicts:
• The 1962 Sino-Indian War
• The 1965 Indo-Pakistani War

The Correct Answer is Lothal.

In News Recently, the Prime Minister has reviewed the construction of the National Maritime Heritage Complex site at Gujarat's Lothal.

National Maritime Heritage Complex 

• Project began in March 2022, the cost of the project is Rs 35,000 crore.
• It is a Centre for learning and understanding India's maritime history.
• Several innovative features such as Lothal mini-recreation, which will recreate Harappan architecture and lifesyles through immersive technology.
• Theme parks - Memorial theme park, Meritime and Navy theme park, Climate theme park, and Adventure and Amusement theme park.
• Aimed to display India's diverse maritime heritage and create Lothal a world class international tourist destination.

 Additional Information Important Sites of Indus Valley Civilization - 

The correct answer is Iron

Key Points

• Iron was crucial in the Second Urbanization, beginning in the 6^th century BC.
• During this period (6^th to 3^rd century BC), significant towns emerged in the Gangetic basin.
• The widespread adoption of iron resulted in an increased agricultural surplus.
• Utilization of iron tools and weapons contributed to the formation of expansive territorial states.
• This era saw a significant rise in urbanisation facilitated by the advancements in iron technology.

Additional Information

• Silver was first extracted and used during the Indus Valley Civilization.
• Copper was extensively used during the Integration Era of the Indus Civilization, particularly in the Harappan Phase (ca. 2600-1600 BC).
• The Harappan civilization sourced gold from Karnataka in South India.

The Correct Answer is fallow other than current fallow.

Key Points

• Fallow other than Current Fallow: This is also a cultivable land that is left uncultivated for more than a year but less than five years.
• If the land is left uncultivated for more than five years, it would be categorized as a culturable wasteland.

Additional Information

Land-use categories in India as maintained in the Land Revenue Records:

1. Culturable Waste-Land: Land which is left fallow (uncultivated) for more than five years is included in this category.
2. Current Fallow: This is the land that is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year.

• Fallowing is a cultural practice adopted for giving land rest. The land recoups the lost fertility through natural processes.

3. Cultivable Wasteland

• Land which is left fallow (uncultivated) for more than five years is included in this category.
• It can be brought under cultivation after improving it through reclamation practices.

4. Barren and Wastelands: The land which may be classified as a wasteland such as barren hilly terrains, desert lands, ravines, etc. normally cannot be brought under cultivation with the available technology
5. Land put to Non-agricultural Uses:

• ​Land under settlements (rural and urban), infrastructure (roads, canals, etc.), industries, shops, etc. are included in this category.
• An expansion in secondary and tertiary activities would lead to an increase in this category of land use.

6. Area under Permanent Pastures and Grazing Lands:

• Most of this type of land is owned by the village ‘Panchayat’ or the Government.
• Only a small proportion of this land is privately owned.
• The land owned by the village panchayat comes under Common Property Resources.

7. Area under Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves(Not included is Net sown Area):

• The land under orchards and fruit trees are included in this category.
• Much of this land is privately owned.

8. Net Area Sown:

• The physical extent of land on which crops are sown and harvested is known as the net sown area.

The Correct Answer is Both 1 and 2.

Key Points

• The Constitution of India has 6 Fundamental Rights and 11 Fundamental Duties
• ​Fundamental Rights
• Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India which are guaranteed to all citizens.
• They are applied without discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, etc.
• Significantly, fundamental rights are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain conditions.
• There are six fundamental rights of Indian Constitution along with the constitutional articles related to them are mentioned below:
• Right to Equality (Article 14-18)
• Right to Freedom (Article 19-22)
• Right against Exploitation (Article 23-24)
• Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-28)
• Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29-30)
• Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)
• ​Fundamental Duties​
• 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution.
• 86^th Amendment Act 2002 later added 11^th Fundamental Duty to the list.
• Swaran Singh Committee in 1976 recommended Fundamental Duties, the necessity of which was felt during the internal emergency of 1975-77.
• The Fundamental Duties are dealt with Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution.

The Correct Answer is Five.

Key Points

• Zonal Councils are advisory councils and are made up of the states of India that have been grouped into five zones to foster cooperation among them. These were set up vide Part-III of the States Re-organisation Act, 1956.

Additional Information

• Zonal councils are Statuary bodies, not constitutional ones.
• The Union Home Minister is the common chairman of five zonal councils. Each chief minister acts as a vice chairman of the council by rotation, holding office for a period of one year at a time.
• While forming these zones, several factors have been taken into account which include: 
• Natural division
• River systems
• Means of communications
• Cultural and linguistic affinity.
• Economic development, security and law and order.

At present India has six zonal councils, they a

The correct answer is 15% of the total number of members of the Lok Sabha.

Key Points

• ​The Union Council of  Ministers is composed of senior members of the Union Cabinet of Ministers.
• The Prime Minister serves as its Chairman.
• The Council of Ministers is formed from the members of the political party or coalition having a majority in the Lok Sabha.
• Article 75 (1) states that the Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Minister shall be appointed by President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
• The 91^st Constitutional Amendment Act 2003 added the provision that the total number of the council of ministers, including the Prime Minister, cannot exceed 15% of the total strength of the Lok Sabha.
• Under Article 75 (3) the Council Of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. It means that once a collective decision is taken by the cabinet it becomes a collective decision of the whole Council and for which the entire Council Of Ministers shall be held responsible.

Additional Information

• The current strength of the 17^th Lok Sabha is 543 members and hence the Council of Ministers cannot be more than 81 i.e 15 % of the total strength of Lok Sabha.
• In 2024 as on 28-02-24 in the Council of Ministers, there are 27 Cabinet Ministers, 3 Ministers of State (Independent Charge), and 42 Ministers of State.

The Correct Answer is Dry summer.

Key Points

• Mediterranean Climate​
• Mediterranean climate occurs around the Mediterranean sea, along the west coast of continents in subtropical latitudes between 30° - 40° latitudes
• Example-Central California, Central Chile, along the coast in southeastern and south-western Australia.
• Mediterranean climate- characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
• It is located between about 30° and 45° latitude north and south of the Equator and on the western sides of the continents.

​​                

Additional Information

• Monsoon climate-
• Monsoon climate- is characterized by a dramatic seasonal change in direction of the prevailing winds of a region which brings a marked change in rainfall.
• Tropical Wet or Tropical rainy -
• Tropical Wet or Tropical rainy climate is only found along the equator, usually within 25 degrees of the equator.
• Large areas of Tropical Wet are found in Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Indonesia, and the Philippines.
• Most of Western Europe has an Oceanic climate, in the Köppen climate classification, featuring cool to warm summers and cool winters with frequent overcast skies.
• Southern Europe has a distinctively Mediterranean climate, which features warm to hot, dry summers and cool to mild winters, and frequent sunny skies

The correct answer is Wikipedia.

Key Points

• Wikipedia is a free, online encyclopedia that allows virtually anyone to edit and contribute to articles.
• It was launched in 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger.
• Wikipedia is written collaboratively by volunteers around the world. Articles are edited and updated by a community of editors. As of 2024, it has over 6 million registered contributors.
• Wikipedia is ranked among the top 10 most visited websites worldwide. It is maintained by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization funded primarily through donations.
• Articles are written from a neutral point of view and cite verifiable sources. However, there have been some criticisms regarding accuracy, bias, and vandalism due to its open-editing model.

 About Jimmy Wales-

• Jimmy Wales is an American-British internet entrepreneur best known as the co-founder of Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation.
• He was born in 1966 in Huntsville, Alabama, and studied finance at Auburn University and later obtained a Master's in finance from the University of Alabama.
• In 1996, Wales co-founded Bomis, an internet portal focusing on entertainment and adult content. The company would provide the initial funding for Wikipedia.
• In 2001  Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger founded Wikipedia as an offshoot of Nupedia, an earlier encyclopedia project. It was launched on January 15, 2001.
• Wales served as Wikipedia's CEO and became the Wikimedia Foundation's board of trustees chairman when it was established in 2003.

Additional Information Google Translate-

• Google Translate is a free machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, websites, speech, and images between over 100 languages
• It was launched in  April 2006 and uses state-of-the-art neural machine translation technology to provide fast and accurate translations.
• As of 2024, Google Translate supports over 5000 language pairs covering 109 languages.
• The most translated languages are English, Spanish, French, Indonesian and German.

Machine Translators-

• Machine translators refer to computer programs that can automatically translate text or speech from one language to another.
• The first machine translators appeared in the 1950s and used dictionaries for word-by-word translation. This resulted in poor-quality output.

The Correct Answer is Unity and Discipline.

Key Points

• National Cadet Cops​
• The NCC was formed in 1948 (on the recommendation of H. N. Kunzru Committee-1946) and has its roots in British-era uniformed youth entities like University Corps or University Officer Training Corps.
• The need for having a motto for the Corps was discussed in the 11^th Central Advisory Committee (CAC) meeting held on 11 Aug 1978. The mottos suggested were “Duty and Discipline”; “Duty, Unity and Discipline”; “Duty and Unity”; “Unity and Discipline”.
• The final decision for the selection of “Unity and Discipline” as the motto for the NCC was taken in the 12^th CAC meeting held on 12 Oct 1980. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• Currently, it has a strength of around 14 lakh cadets from Army, Navy, and Air Force wings.
• The NCC falls under the purview of the Ministry of Defence and is headed by a Director-General of three-star military rank.
• It enrolls cadets at the high school and college level and also awards certificates on completion of various phases.
• The NCC cadets receive basic military training at various levels and also have academic curriculum basics related to the Armed forces and their functioning.
• Various training camps, adventure activities, and military training camps are important aspects of NCC training.
• Significance: NCC cadets have played an important role over the years in relief efforts during various emergencies.
• During the ongoing pandemic, over 60,000 NCC cadets have been deployed for voluntary relief work in coordination with district and state authorities across the country

The correct answer is National Anti-Terrorism Day  

Key PointsNational Youth Day (12Jan) - Birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda. National Youth Day 2024 theme is “Arise, Awake, and Realise the Power You Hold.”

National Technology Day(11May) -  2024 theme  “From Schools to Startups: Igniting Young Minds to Innovate."

NRI Day (9Jan) - Theme "Diaspora: Reliable Partners for India's Progress in Amrit Kaal”

The correct answer is - International Monetary Fund

• Created after Bretton Woods Conference(july 1944)
• H.Q-Washington D.C USA
• Current M.D-Kristalina Georgieva
• India  join -27Dec1945 

Additional Information

World Bank 

Release Report 

• Ease of doing business
• Human capital Index
• World Development Report

    Asian Development Bank  (1966)

**H.Q-**Manilla ,Philippines

  - 68 members (49 regional members + 19 non-regional member)

International Labour Organization

Established as a result of the Treaty of Versailles (1919)

The correct answer is 1773

Key Points

In 1773, the Regulating Act was passed.

• The Regulating Act of 1773 was a significant piece of legislation that marked the beginning of British parliamentary intervention in the administration of British India.
• The primary objective of the Regulating Act was to address the administrative and financial issues that had arisen in the East India Company's rule over India.
• The Act established the office of the Governor-General of Bengal.
• The Governor-General appointed under the Regulating Act had significant powers, including the authority to override decisions made by the Council. However, this structure of governance led to conflicts and challenges.
• The act aimed to bring transparency to the financial transactions of the East Indian Company.
• The Governor-General and the council were required to submit detailed accounts of their revenues and expenses.

Additional Information

• ​First Governor of Bengal- Lord Clive
• First Governor General of Bengal- Warren Hastings
• First Viceroy of India- Lord Canning
• First Governor General of Independent India- Lord Mountbatten

The Correct Answer is Guru Angad

Key Points

• Guru Nanak appointed Guru Angad( Also Called Bhai Lehna) as his successor.
• He was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.
• He lived during the 15^th and 16^th centuries and played a crucial role in spreading the teachings of Sikhism.
• Before Guru Nanak passed away in 1539, he appointed Guru Angad as his successor.
• Guru Angad Dev Ji became the Second Guru of the Sikhs and he is credited for formalising the Gurmukhi Script, which became the writing system for the Punjabi language.
• He also wrote the Guru Granth script(The  Punjabi Holy Scripture)

Additional Information Guru Amardas

• Guru Amardas was the third Guru of the Sikhs.
• He was born on May 5, 1479, and became the Guru in 1552 after the passing of Guru Angad.

Guru Ramdas

• Guru Ramdas was the fourth of the ten Sikh Gurus.
• He was born on September 24, 1534, and became the Guru in 1574 after the passing of Guru Amar Das.

The Correct Answer is April 22.

Key Points​Earth Day is an annual celebration that honors the achievements of the environmental movement and raises awareness of the need to protect Earth's natural resources for future generations.

The first Earth Day was held April 22, 1970.

Theme (2024): "Planet vs. Plastics"

• Earth Day aims
• ​To build the world’s largest environmental movement to drive transformative change for people and the planet.
• The movement’s mission is “to diversify, educate and activate the environmental movement worldwide.”

Additional Information

• International Women's Day- March 8
• world Sparrow Day- 20 March
• World Tuberculosis Day - 24 March
• World Health Day: 7 April
• B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day: 14 April
• National Panchayati Raj Day - 24 April
• World Environment Day (WED): 5^th June
• National Mathematics Day - 22^nd  December
• World Hindi Day - 10^th January

The Correct Answer is A kind of grass.

Key Points

• Alfalfa​
• leguminous plant of the pea family (Fabaceae) widely grown primarily for hay, pasturage, and silage.
• Alfalfa is known for its tolerance to drought, heat, and cold and for the remarkable productivity and quality of its herbage.
• The plant is also valued in soil improvement and is grown as a cover crop and as green manure.
• Alfalfa has a remarkable capacity to rapidly regenerate new stems and leaves following cutting.
• As many as 13 crops of hay can be harvested in a single growing season because of this abundant regrowth.
• Alfalfa is beset by the hazards of climate, diseases, and insects.
• Among the more serious of these are winterkill, bacterial wilt disease, alfalfa weevil, lugus bugs, grasshoppers, spotted aphids, and leafhoppers.
• In humid areas and in irrigated areas, alfalfa stands of three or more years of age have often become badly thinned by infestations of the soil-borne bacterial wilt organism Phytomonas insidiosum.

​​

The correct answer is Sikkim.

Key Points

• The border of Sikkim state of India meets Nepal, Bhutan, and China.
• Indian states that share borders with Nepal are Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, and Bihar.
• Sikkim is located in the northeastern part of the country and is one of the smallest states of India.
• To the north and northeast, it is bounded by the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
• To the southeast, it is bounded by Bhutan and To the west, it is bounded by Nepal.

The Correct Answer is 52^nd.

Key Points

• Anti-defection Law​
• The anti-defection law deals with situations of defection in Parliament or state legislatures by:
• (a) members of a political party,
• (b) independent members,
• (c) nominated members.
• The term defection indicates revolt, dissent, and rebellion by a person or a party.
• Generally defection refers to leaving an association to join another.
• In political scenario it is a situation when a member of a political party leaves his party and joins hands with other parties.
• The main aim of this schedule was to prevent the political defections and to strengthen democracy by bringing stability in politics and make members of parliament more responsible and loyal to their parties.
• Political defection means a member of a political party changes his party voluntarily or on other grounds.
• It also provides procedure by which a legislator may be disqualified on the ground of defection by the presiding officer of the legislature.
• This Schedule is applicable on both Central and State legislature.​​​​

Additional Informatio

• ​Amendment in the Constitution of India:​
• Article 368 in Part XX deals with the powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure.
• Parliament cannot amend those provisions which form the 'basic structure of the Constitution'. (Kesavananda Bharti Case)
• The amendment of the Constitution can be initiated by the introduction of a bill in either house of the Parliament. (does not in the legislature)
• The bill can be introduced either by a minister or by a private member. (does not require prior permission of the President)
• It must be passed in each house by a special majority. (the majority of the total membership of the house and a majority of 2/3^rd of the members of the house present and voting)
• Each house must pass the bill separately. (no provision for joint sittings)
• If the bill is for amending the federal structure of the Constitution, then it must be ratified by the legislature of half of the states by a simple majority. (the majority of the members of the house present and voting)
• President must give his assent to the bill. (neither withhold his assent nor return the bill)
• After the assent of the President, the bill becomes an Act.

The Correct Answer is Dead Sea.

Key Points

• Dead Sea
• The dead sea is located in Israel.
• It is known as the most saline water body on the earth.
• Because of the large amount of salt present in the water, its density is very high.
• It is said that humans don't sink in the dead sea, they will keep floating.
• It is called the dead sea as no living organism can live in its highly saline water.
• Dead Sea, also called Salt Sea, is a landlocked salt lake located between Israel and Jordan in southwestern Asia.
• The Dead Sea receives nearly all its water from the Jordan River.
• The main tributary of Dead sea is Jordan River.
• It is situated between the hills of Judaea to the west and the Transjordanian plateaus to the east.
• The southwestern side of the lake is a tall Halite mineral formation called Mount Sodom.

​​                     

Important Points

• Salinity is the amount of salt in grams present in 1000 grams of water.

• The average salinity of the oceans is 35 parts per thousand.

• The salinity of the dead sea is around 340 grams per litre of water

The Correct Answer is Alexander Cunningham.

Key Points

• ​​Sir Alexander Cunningham ( 1814 - 1893) British army officer and archaeologist who excavated many sites in India, including Sarnath(1837) and Sanchi(1850), and served as the first director of the Indian Archaeological Survey

Additional Information

• Sir John Hubert Marshall
• Sir John Hubert Marshall (1876-1958) was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1902 to 1928.
• He was responsible for the excavations that led to the discovery of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
• Mortimer Wheeler:-
• ​In 1944 he was appointed Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, through which he oversaw excavations of sites at Harappa, Arikamedu, and Brahmagiri, and implemented reforms to the subcontinent's archaeological establishment.
• His main contribution involves the use of scientific methods in archaeology and the cartesian coordinate system.
• James Prinsep
• James Prinsep is known as the father of Indian epigraphy.
• James Prinsep deciphered the Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts. Brahmi Script - It is the oldest writing style in ancient India.

The correct answer is Khilji.

Key Points

• Hence the Khilji Dynasty ruled for the shortest.

Additional Information 

• Lodhi dynasty from 1451 to 1526 AD (75 Year).
• Longest duration-Tughlaq Dynasty.
• Shortest duration-Khilji Dynasty.

The correct answer is neither exports nor imports take place.

Key Points

• A closed economy is one that has no trading activity with outside economies.
• The closed economy is entirely self-sufficient.
• It means no imports come into the country and no exports leave the country.
• In other words, A closed economy is one that does not swap their trading with outside.

Additional Information

• Open Economy
• An economy in which participants are permitted to buy and sell goods and services with other countries.
• The GDP of open economies includes exports and imports.
• Some very open economies try to have few or no trade restrictions. ​

The correct answer is Kumargupta

Key Points

• Kumargupta was the founder of Nalanda University in the 5^th Century AD.
• Nalanda University was established in 427 AD in (Bihar) northeastern India, close to Nepal’s southern border it survived until 1197.
• Nalanda is an ancient centre of higher learning.
• It was devoted to Buddhist studies and trained students in fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics and the art of war.
• A great fire wiped out the library of over 9 million manuscripts and at the beginning of the 12^th Century, the Muslim invader Bakhtiyar Khalji sacked the university.

Additional Information

• Chandragupta II, also known as Vikramaditya, is regarded as one of the greatest rulers of the Gupta dynasty. He ruled the Gupta Empire from 380 to 412 C.E.
• Dharmapala (770–810 CE) was the second emperor of the Pala Empire of Bengal and Bihar.
• Pushyagupta Vaishya built the Sudarshan Lake and he is Governor of Chandragupta Maurya.

The correct answer is Kochi

Key Points 

• The Headquarters of the Southern Naval Command of the Indian Navy is located at Kochi.
• The Southern Naval Command is one of the three main formations of the Indian Navy and  its headquarters in Kochi, Kerala.
• It is commanded by the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief. 
• Vice Admiral V. Srinivas has assumed command as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Naval Command.
• He is 30^th Flag Officer Commanding- in-Chief of the Southern Naval Command.

Additional Information

• The Indian Navy is administered from Naval Headquarters, located at New Delhi.
• Indian Navy is organised into three Commands, which are:-

1. Western Naval Command, Mumbai
2. Southern Naval Command, Kochi
3. Eastern Naval Command, Visakhapatnam

The Correct Answer is Swami Sahajanand Saraswati.

Key Points 

• Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha
• The Kisan Sabha movement was begun in Bihar. In 1929, Sahajanand Saraswati formed Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS).
• All India Kisan Sabha is a peasant front working for the rights of the farmers and the anti-feudal movement in India.
• It was established in 1936 at Indian National Congress (INC) Lucknow Session as All India Kisan Congress.
• Sahajanand Saraswati who was the pioneer of Bihar Kisan Sabha Movement and patron of Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS) was the first President of the All India Kisan Sabha. The secretary of this union was NG Ranga.
• Aim of BPKS:
• To abolish the Zamindari system.
• To reduce land revenue.
• To institutionalise credit.
• Most of the congressmen were Zamindar themselves, so even after the success of the 1937 elections, Congress was not as vocal against the Zamindari System. Thus, the All India Kisan Sabha felt betrayed by the INC.
• Thus, when in 1942 Gandhiji call for Quit India Movement the peasant leaders such as Swami Sahajanand Saraswati appealed to the peasants not to support Gandhi or the INC.
• In May 1942, CPI took over AIl India Kisan Sabha all across the country.
• After the division of Communist Party of India in 1964, the front was also divided into two - All India Kisan Sabha (CPI) and All India Kisan Sabha (CPI-M; Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Sabha).

​

Important Points

Objectives of All Indi a Kisan Sabha

• All India Kisan Sabha works as the forum representing peasants and agricultural and other rural labourers. The following are the objectives of the All India Kisan Sabha:
• To abolish landlordism and to distribute the land free of cost to agricultural and other rural labourers.
• To improve the standard of living of rural masses and to develop agriculture and industry.
• To end exploitation meted out to the agricultural and other rural labourers.

Additional Information

• History of Various State Kisan Sabhas​
• Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha – 1929 by Sahajanand Saraswati
• UP Kisan Sabha – 1918 by Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi and was supported by Madan Mohan Malaviya.
• Awadh Kisan Sabha – 1920 by Baba Ramachandra

The correct answer is Satpura.

Key Points 

• The Narmada and the Tapti are major rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea.
• The Narmada originates in eastern Madhya Pradesh (India) and flows west across the state, through a narrow valley between the Vindhya Range and spurs of the Satpura Range.
• Satpura ranges form the water divide between the Narmada and Tapti rivers.
• It flows into the Gulf of Khambhat.

Additional Information 

• Vindhya Range
• The Vindhya Range is a complex, discontinuous chain of mountain ridges, hill ranges, highlands, and plateau escarpments in west-central India.
• Technically, the Vindhyas do not form a single mountain range in the geological sense.
• Aravalli Range
• ​The Aravalli Range is a mountain range in Northwestern India, running approximately 692 km in a southwest direction, starting near Delhi, passing through southern Haryana and Rajasthan, and ending in Gujarat.
• The highest peak is Guru Shikhar at 1,722 meters.
• Kaimur Range
• The Kaimur Range has an elevation of 1480 feet.
• It covers the Huzur, Sirmaur, and Mauganj tehsils.
• Alluvial plains known as Uprihar are located to the north.

The Correct answer is Ashapurna Devi.

In News

• The 58^th Janapith Award recipients are Sanskrit ]scholar Rambhadracharya and Urdu writer and Bollywood lyricist Gulzar jointly awarded for 2023.

Key Points

• Ashapurna Devi receives the 12^th (1976) Jnanpith Award for her Bengali Novel Prothom Protishruti.
• For her contribution as a novelist and short story writer, the Sahitya Akademi conferred its highest honor the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship in 1994.

Additional Information

• The Jnanpith Award is the oldest and the highest Indian literary award presented annually by the Bharatiya Jnanpith to an author for their "outstanding contribution towards literature". Instituted on 22 May 1961, the award is bestowed only on Indian writers writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India and English, with no posthumous conferral.
• Amrita Pritam receives the 17^th (1981) Jnanpith Award for her Punjabi Novel Kagaz Te Canvas.
• Mahadevi Verma receives the 18^th (1982) Jnanpith Award for her Hindi Novel YAMA.
• Mahasweta Devi receives the 32^th (1996) Jnanpith Award for her Bengali Literature.
• After 1984 This Award was Given For their Entire Literature instead of a particular Creation.