Allahabad High Court ARO 2019 Official Paper 2 (Held On : 24 Feb 2020) (Previous Year Paper)

​The correct answer is Laser.

• Laser printer is not an example of Impact Printer
• A printer is an external output device that uses computer data and produces output in the form of graphics/technology on paper.
• Printers are classified into two types: Impact printers and Non-Impact printers.

Key Points 

Impact printer

• An impact printer forms characters and images on a piece of paper by hitting an ink ribbon mechanism that contacts the paper physically.
• Impact printers are classified into two types: Character Printer and Line Printer.
• Character printer: A Character printer prints a single character at a time. They are low-speed printers. Their printing speed lies in the range of 10-600 characters/second. Character printers are classified into two types: Daisy Wheel printer and Dot-matrix printer.
• Daisy Wheel printer: These printers use a print wheel font, which is termed a daisy wheel. Each petal or hammer of Daisy-Wheel has a character raised on it. A motor spins the wheel at a rapid rate. The speed of these Daisy-Wheel Printers normally ranged between 10-75 characters per second.
• Dot-matrix printer: These printers print each character as a pattern of dots. The print head is made up of a matrix of tiny needles, typically 9 rows with 7 columns (9 *7 matrix needles). These shapes of each character are formed in the form of tiny dots. The printing quality of a dot matrix printer is inferior to a daisy wheel printer. The printing speed of a Dot Matrix Printer is ranged from 40 to 600 characters per second.
• Line Printer: Line printers use special devices that can print a whole line at once, usually they can print the range from 1,200 to 6,000 lines per minute. Line printers are classified into two types: Drum printers and Chain printers.
• Drum printers: A drum printer is a large, cylindrical drum that has raised characters on its surface in strips. Drum printer speeds are between 300 and 2000 lines per minute.
• Chain printers: A chain printer uses a print chain, wrapped around two pulleys. Chain printer speeds vary between 400 and 2500 characters per minute.

Non-Impact printer

• A non-impact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without hitting the paper.
• Laser printers, Inkjet printers, and Thermal printers are the different types of non-impact printers.
• Laser printer: A laser printer uses electronics, lasers, xerography, and other techniques, which is called the electrophotographic technique. A laser beam is directed across the surface of light or a photosensitive drum.
• Inkjet printer: Inkjet printer uses the dot matrix approach to print text and graphics. They print characters by spraying small drops of ink onto paper. A special type of ink having high iron content is used for forming drops.
• Thermal printer: The printer that produces images by pushing electrically heated pins against the special heat-sensitive paper, is known as a thermal printer.

 

Important Points

• The printing speed of a printer is measured in pages per minute (ppm).
• Printer resolution is often measured in dots per inch (dpi).

​The correct answer is Portable Network Graphics.

• Portable Network Graphics is the full form of PNG in the computer image format.

Key Points

• PNG (Portable Network Graphics) PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
• PNG is a format for storing bit-mapped or raster images on the computer.
• PNG is also known as a successor of GIF format images.
• It uses the less compression technique to save images like GIF files but without copyright issues.
• It contains a bitmap of indexed color so it is also called a bit-mapped image.
• Portable Network Graphics Format was developed in early 1995.
• PNG form was created by a team working under Thomas Boutell.
• The main reason behind its development was the limitation of 256 colors only in GIF.
• PNG has a file extension ".png".
• PNG provides low-resolution images that look good and load quickly.
• The amount of transparency can be controlled.
• The format supports interlacing, and it can be developed faster than the GIF format.
• PNG format also supports Gamma correction.
• Images can be saved by using true color.
• It can also be saved by using palette and grayscale formats provided by GIF.

Additional Information 

• JPEG (or JPG) - Joint Photographic Experts Group.
• GIF - Graphics Interchange Format.
• TIFF - Tagged Image File Format.
• BMP - BitMaP.
• SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
• PSD - Photoshop Document.
• PDF - Portable Document Format.
• EPS - Encapsulated Postscript.
• RAW -Raw Image Formats
• AI - Adobe Illustrator Document.

​The correct answer is Extensible

• X stand for Extensible in document formatting language "XML".

Additional Information

• XML stands for  "Extensible Markup Language".
• XML is a software- and hardware-independent tool for storing and transporting data.
• XML stores data in plain text format.
• XML was designed to be both human- and machine-readable.
• XML was designed to be self-descriptive.
• XML is a W3C Recommendation.
• XML is a markup language much like HTML.
• XML tags are not predefined like HTML tags are.
• XML also makes it easier to expand or upgrade to new operating systems, new applications, or new browsers, without losing data.
• XML is used in many aspects of web development.
• XML is often used to separate data from presentation.
• XML documents form a tree structure that starts at "the root" and branches to "the leaves".
• The syntax rules of XML are very simple and logical.
• An XML document contains XML Elements.
• An XML element is everything from (including) the element's start tag to (including) the element's end tag.
• The other most popular Markup Languages are: 
• HTML – Hypertext Markup Language.
• KML – Keyhole Markup Language.
• MathML – Mathematical Markup Language.
• SGML – Standard Generalized Markup Language.
• XHTML – eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language.

Important Points

• WWW was invented by Tim Berners Lee.
• HTML was invented by Tim Berners Lee.
• First Computer Programmer - Ada Lovelace.

​The correct answer is Memory Buffer Register.

• Memory Buffer Register holds the contents of data or instruction read from, or written in memory.

Additional InformationMemory Buffer Register

• Memory Buffer Register is mostly called MBR.
• The MBR contains the Metadata of the data and instruction written in or read from memory.
• In simple words, it adds is used to store the upcoming data/instruction from the memory and going to memory.

Memory Address Register

• The MAR is a special type of register that contains the memory address of the data and instruction.
• The main task of the MAR is to access instruction and data from memory in the execution phase.
• The MAR stores the address of the memory location where the data is to be read or to be stored by the CPU.

Index Register

• The Index Register is the hardware element that holds the number.
• The number adds to the computer instruction's address to create an effective address.
• In CPU, the index register is a processor register used to modify the operand address during the running program.

Program Counter

• Program Counter (PC) holds the address of the memory location of the next instruction, which is to be fetched after the current instruction is completed.
• So, it is used to maintain the path of execution of the different programs and thus executes the programs one by one, when the previous instruction gets completed.

​The correct answer is Instruction Register.

• In the microprogrammed control unit, subsequent instruction words are fetched into the **Instruction Register.**​

Additional InformationInstruction Register

• Instructor Register is a 16-bit register.
• It stores the instruction which is fetched from the main memory.
• So, it is used to hold instruction codes, which are to be executed.
• The Control Unit takes instruction from the Instructor Register, then decodes and executes it.

Transistor

• A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
• A transistor consists of three terminals: input, output, and controlling switching.
• The name of the three terminals contained by the transistor is the emitter, base, and collector.
• Base
• The primary function of the base terminal is to activate the transistor, which designs two circuits; the output circuit the collector and input with the emitter.
• The thin layers are used to make it, which is the middle section of a transistor.
• The low resistance to the circuit is offered by the emitter-base circuit, which is forward biased.
• The higher resistance to the circuit is provided by the collector-base junction, which is located in opposite bias.
• Collector
• It is the left part of the diode and the positive lead of the transistor.
• Removing the majority charges from the junction with the base is a primary function of the collector.
• Emitter
• The emitter diode is the right part of the diode, which functions for the large sector of the majority trust carrier.
• It is the negative lead of the transistor that functions for the majority charge carrier to the base.

CMOS

• ​CMOS is an integrated circuit designed on a printed circuit board (PCB), a widely used type of semiconductor used in transistors.
• It is a battery-powered memory chip that simply stores the startup information and BIOS uses this information to turn on your computer i.e. during the boot up process.
• CMOS uses only one charge at a time.

Program Counter

• Program Counter (PC) holds the address of the memory location of the next instruction, which is to be fetched after the current instruction is completed.
• So, it is used to maintain the path of execution of the different programs and thus executes the programs one by one, when the previous instruction gets completed.

Important Points

• Transistor was invented by William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain in 1947.

​The correct answer is Control Bus.

• Control Bus carries control information between the CPU and other devices within the computer.

Additional Information

Control Bus

• A control bus is a computer bus that is used by the CPU to communicate with devices that are contained within the computer.
• This occurs through physical connections such as cables or printed circuits.
• The CPU transmits a variety of control signals to components and devices to transmit control signals to the CPU using the control bus.
• The main objective of a bus is to minimize the lines that are needed for communication.
• The control bus is bidirectional and assists the CPU in synchronizing control signals to internal devices and external components.
• It is comprised of interrupt lines, byte enables lines, read/write signals, and status lines.

UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)

• UPS runs on a battery that is used to supply power in the absence of a primary source or when supply is cut off.
• A UPS can keep a computer running for some minutes giving you enough time to save all your data in order not to lose it.
• Many UPSs now offer software that automatically saves your data and shut down your computer.
• Battery size is also an important factor in the selection of UPS systems.
• The two types of UPS systems are Stand by Power System and Online UPS.

Read-only memory (ROM)

• Read-only memory (ROM) is a storage medium used in computers and other electronic devices.
• ROM is non-volatile and the contents are retained even after the power is switched off.
• ROM is a primary memory and only allows reading.
• ROM is programmed during the manufacturing process.
• ROM refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data.
• ROM is a combination of different IC's.
• In ROM, each bit combination that comes out of the output lines is called a data word. Usually, a word consists of 16-bits or 2-bytes.
• The types of ROM include MROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

• RAID is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.
• It is a way of storing the same data in different places on multiple hard disks or solid-state drives to protect data in the case of a drive failure.
• A RAID system consists of two or more drives working in parallel.
• RAID systems can use with several interfaces, including SATA, SCSI, IDE, or FC (fiber channel.)

​The correct answer is Open Platform Communication.

• Open Platform Communication is the full form of OPC.

Additional Information

Open Platform Communication**(OPC)**

• OPC is a software interface interoperability standard that allows a secure and reliable exchange of data between Windows programs and industrial hardware devices.
• It is platform-independent and ensures the continuous flow of information across multiple vendor devices.

OCR (Optical Character Recognition)

• OCR has also known as Optical Character Reader or text recognition.
• An OCR device is made up of hardware and software combinations.
• Hardware of OCR (optical scanner or a circuit board) copies and reads the text, whereas the software deals with advanced processing.
• The software can also make use of artificial intelligence to use advanced methods of intelligent character recognition (ICR), like the ability to identify language or style of handwriting.
• It is designed to convert scanned paper documents, or images of documents captured by a digital camera into machine-readable, editable, and searchable data.

​The correct answer is Server.

• The computer that provides resources to other computers on a network is known as Server.

Key Points

• A server commonly refers to a computer program that receives and responds to requests made over a network.
• It receives the request for a web document from the client and sends the requested information to the client's computer on the Internet.
• A device can be both a client and a server at the same time, as an individual system has the ability to provide resources and use them from another system in one go. There are different types of servers: Web server, Application server, Cloud server, Database server, Print server, Proxy server, File server, Mail server, Standalone server, Domain name service.

Additional Information

Network

• A network set up by connecting two or more computers and other supporting hardware devices through communication channels is called a computer network.
• It enables computers to communicate with each other and to share commands, data, etc., including the hardware and software resources.
• The important computer networks are LAN, MAN, and WAN.
• A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a high-speed network that spreads over a large geographical area such as a metro city or town.
• A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographic area for the primary purpose of computer networking.

Super Computer

• Supercomputers are the biggest and fastest computers.
• They are designed to process a huge amount of data.
• A supercomputer can process trillions of instructions in a second.
• It has thousands of interconnected processors.
• Supercomputers are particularly used in scientific and engineering applications such as weather forecasting, scientific simulations, and nuclear energy research.

Microcomputer

• A microcomputer is also known as a personal computer.
• It is a general-purpose computer that is designed for individual use.
• It has a microprocessor as a central processing unit, memory, storage area, input unit, and output unit.
• Laptops and desktop computers are examples of microcomputers.

Important Points

• The first supercomputer was developed by Roger Cray in 1976.
• Father of computer - Charles Babbage.

​The correct answer is Cookies.

• Cookies are used to identify a user who returns to a website.
• Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Apple Safari, and Opera are the most important web browsers.

Additional InformationCookies

• A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers downloaded onto your computer when you access certain websites.
• Like virtual door keys, cookies unlock a computer's memory and allow a website to recognize users when they return to a site by opening doors to different content or services.
• An HTTP cookie is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored in a user's web browser while the user is browsing that website.

Plug-in

• A plugin is a piece of software that acts as an add-on to a web browser and gives the browser additional functionality.
• Plugins can allow a web browser to display additional content it was not originally designed to display.
• Every web browser has an official website where you can download and install plugins (also called "add-ons" or "extensions").
• The web browser publisher verifies the plugins are not harmful before making them available to download.

Scripts

• Scripts are lists of commands executed by certain programs or scripting engines.
• They are usually text documents with instructions written using a scripting language.
• They are used to generate Web pages and to automate computer processes.

Important Points

• The first Web browser "Nexus" was developed by Tim Berners Lee in 1990.
• Fastest Web browser - Safari.
• Epic is the first Web browser developed in Indiaby a Bangalore-based startup company "Hidden Reflex".
• Father of Internet - Vint Cerf.

​The correct answer is Ready to use.

• In PowerPoint presentation, the collection of images in Clip Art is Ready to use.

Additional Information

• Microsoft PowerPoint is a software application that is particularly used to present data and information by using text, diagrams with animation, images, and transitional effects, etc in the form of slides.
• It is used to make presentations for personal and professional purposes.
• It helps people to better understand the idea or topic in front of the audience practically and easily.
• The file extension of a saved Microsoft Powerpoint presentation is “.ppt”.
• The ribbon is located on the top of the PowerPoint window just below the Title bar.
• It is made up of seven tabs; Home, Insert, Design, Animations, Slide Show, Review, and View.
• Each tab is divided into groups of related commands that are displayed on the Ribbon.
• To view additional commands of a group click the arrow at the right bottom corner of the group.

Important Points

• ​Microsoft PowerPoint is invented by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin.
• The founder of Microsoft - Bill Gates and Paul Allen.
• The CEO of Microsoft - Satya Nadella.

​The correct answer is MMID.

• MMID is used as an identifier of mobile money.

Additional Information

• Mobile Money Identifier (MMID) is a seven-digit number, issued by banks for effecting financial transactions through the user's mobile phone.
• MMID is a code that allows for interbank transfers via the mobile banking platform.
• This system works through the Immediate Payment System (IMPS) interface.
• The MMID service was first launched in India in 2010.
• The MMID service is a successor to two commonly used transfer methods – the Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) fund transfers and the National Electronic Fund Transfer(NEFT) service.
• It offers those without access to net banking, a good platform to send and receive money without any challenges.
• In order for a successful fund transfer to take place, both the sender (remitter) and the beneficiary/payee should have an MMID.
• Money can be sent and received using a handset through the MMID facility through SMS.
• There are three ways to generate an MMID:
• Mobile Banking
• Login to your’s banks mobile banking app.
• Go to the ‘Account’ option.
• Proceed to click on the ‘Generate MMID’ tab.
• Net Banking
• Login to the bank’s internet banking portal by providing all login credentials.
• Go to the home page and proceed to click on the ‘Generate MMID’.
• Key in necessary details and verify the same.
• MMID will be generated for the respective account.
• Phone Banking
• Call the bank’s phone banking number.
• Choose the language and select the banking option.
• Talk to a customer care representative and ask for the generation of MMID.
• MMID will be sent to the account holder’s registered mobile number within a 24-hour window.

​The correct answer is Equipment.

• E stand for Equipment in IMEI code of the mobile phone.

Additional Information

• International Mobile Equipment Identity is the full form of IMEI.
• IMEI is a number that facilitates device validity identification.
• International Mobile Equipment Identity is a factory-installed unique serial number that identifies each unit or line of service under GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) specifications.
• The IMEI is strictly used for identification by Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), and some satellite devices.
• The IMEI number is unique and typically 15 or 17 digits.
• In most mobile communications devices, the IMEI appears on the display when the user enters the character sequence *#06# or is stored on the battery's backside.
• Motorola phones only have 14 digits so add the number 0 at the end.
• Most phones have one IMEI number, but dual SIM phones are two.
• The IMEI number does not have a permanent subscriber relationship.
• Swapping a SIM card cannot prevent phone banning because the IMEI number is stored inside the phone - not the SIM card.
• The IMEI number's primary purpose is blocking or tracking lost mobile phones via the IMEI database (IMEI DB).
• IMEI database (IMEI DB) is a central database containing basic IMEI information.
• The IMEI number is transmitted and verified by the IMEI DB in the network's Equipment Identity Register (EIR).
• The EIR is a database for all IMEIs and it stores all device identifications registered for this network.
• The GSM association provides IMEI DB member access to GSM and 3G operators across the world.
• Network operators use IMEI DB data to determine customer device types and supported features.
• When a phone set is lost or stolen, the owner can call the CEIR (Central Equipment Identity Register) and blacklist the device according to its IMEI number.
• SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) is a ''smart'' card installed or inserted into a mobile device containing all subscriber-related data. The SIM number is 15 digits.
• MSN (Mobile Serial Number) is also referred to as serial number (SN) is a 10-digit number. It is required for each SIM card-capable device.
• PIN (Personal Identification Number) identifies the equipment model and is normally associated with a SIM card.

Important Points

• First mobile in the world - Motorola.
• The mobile phone was invented by Martin Cooper in 1973.

​The correct answer is High initial cost.

• The high initial cost is not an advantage of an E-commerce business.

Key Points 

• E-commerce stands for Electronic Commerce.
• E-commerce business is the buying and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the internet.
• E-Commerce also pertains to any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically rather than by physical exchanges or direct physical contact.
• Types of E-Commerce: 
• B2B (Business-to-Business) - Companies sell products or services to other companies over the Internet. The B2B e-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions of goods or services carried on between the companies.
• B2C (Business-to-Consumer) - The business sells products or services directly to consumers over the Internet. The B2C type of e-commerce is distinguished by the establishment of Electronic Business Relationships between Businesses and Final consumers.
• C2B (Consumer-to-Business) - It is consumer Selling Products or Services to Businesses. In C2B there is a complete reversal of the traditional sense of exchanging goods. This type of E-commerce is quite common in crowdsourcing-based projects.
• C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) - It is basically a Consumer selling Products or Services directly to other consumers. C2C type E-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions of goods or services conducted among the consumers.

Additional Information

• Examples of E-Commerce Industry  
• Online Ticketing
• Internet Banking
• Electronic auction
• Online selling (Buying and Selling of goods)
• Online selling (Buying and Selling of services)
• Transmitting or funds or data
• Advantages of E-Commerce
• Faster buying/selling procedure
• Buying / Selling 24 / 7
• Low operational costs with better quality of services
• Easy to start and manage a business
• Cost-Effective including higher Margin
• Better Productivity
• Allows for product and Price Comparison
• No standing in Queues or being placed on hold forever
• Ease of communication and superior customization
• Enhance convenience
• Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra, eBay, Paytm, and OLX are some of the E-Commerce websites.

​The correct answer is All of the above.

• An Excel spreadsheet helps in Sorting data, Arranging data easily, and Calculating numerical data.

Additional Information

• Microsoft Excel is part of the Microsoft Office suite of programs and was developed by Microsoft in 1987.
• Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program used to record and analyze numerical and statistical data.
• Microsoft Excel provides multiple features to perform various operations like calculations, pivot tables, graph tools, macro programming, etc.
• An Excel spreadsheet can be understood as a collection of columns and rows that form a table.
• A worksheet is made of rows and columns that intersect each other to form cells where data is entered.
• Alphabetical letters are usually assigned to columns, and numbers are usually assigned to rows.
• The point where a column and a row meet is called a cell.
• The address of a cell is given by the letter representing the column and the number representing a row.
• The main features of MS Excel are:
• AutoFormat: It allows Excel users to use predefined table formatting options.
• AutoSum: AutoSum feature helps us to calculate the sum of a row or column automatically by inserting an addition formula for a range of cells.
• List AutoFill: It automatically develops cell formatting when a new component is added to the end of a list.
• AutoFill: This feature allows us to quickly fill cells with a repetitive or sequential record such as chronological dates or numbers and repeated documents. AutoFill can also be used to copy functions. We can also alter text and numbers with this feature.
• AutoShapes: AutoShapes toolbar will allow us to draw some geometrical shapes, arrows, flowchart items, stars, and more. With these shapes, we can draw our graphs.
• Wizard: It guides us to work effectively while we work by displaying several helpful tips and techniques based on what we are doing. The drag and Drop feature will help us to reposition the record and text by simply dragging the data with the help of the mouse.
• Charts: This feature will help you to present the data in graphical form by using Pie, Bar, Line charts, and more.
• PivotTable: It flips and sums data in seconds and allows us to execute data analysis and generating documents like periodic financial statements, statistical documents, etc. We can also analyze complex data relationships graphically.
• Shortcut Menu: The shortcut menu helps users to make the work done through shortcut commands that need a lengthy process.

Important Points

• The founder of Microsoft - Bill Gates and Paul Allen.
• The CEO of Microsoft - Satya Nadella.

​The correct answer is Firewall.

• Firewall is a protective wall that is used to prevent unauthorized access to your computer

Additional Information

• A firewall can be defined as a special type of network security device or a software program that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a defined set of security rules.
• It acts as a barrier between internal private networks and external sources.
• Firewalls are primarily used to prevent malware and network-based attacks.
• A firewall is to allow non-threatening traffic and prevent malicious or unwanted data traffic for protecting the computer from viruses and attacks.
• A firewall is a cybersecurity tool that filters network traffic and helps users block malicious software from accessing the Internet in infected computers.
• Firewalls have become so powerful, and include a variety of functions and capabilities with built-in features:
• Network Threat Prevention
• Application and Identity-Based Control
• Hybrid Cloud Support.
• Scalable Performance.
• Network Traffic Management and Control.
• Access Validation.
• Record and Report on Events.
• Types of firewall
• Packet filtering: A small amount of data is analyzed and distributed according to the filter’s standards.
• Proxy service: Network security system that protects while filtering messages at the application layer.
• Stateful Multilayer Inspection: Dynamic packet filtering that monitors active connections to determine which network packets to allow through the Firewall.
• Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW): Deep packet inspection Firewall with the application-level inspection.

​The correct answer is Read-only.

• Read-only attributes allow display but prevent the users from modifying or deleting an object.

Additional Information

Read-only memory (ROM)

• Read-only memory (ROM) is a storage medium used in computers and other electronic devices.
• ROM is non-volatile and the contents are retained even after the power is switched off.
• ROM is a primary memory.
• ROM only allows reading.
• ROM is programmed during the manufacturing process.
• ROM refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data.
• Data stored in ROM can only be modified slowly or with difficulty, or not at all.
• ROM is a combination of different IC's.
• In ROM, each bit combination that comes out of the output lines is called a data word. Usually, a word consists of 16-bits or 2-bytes.
• The types of ROM include MROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
• MROM (Masked Read-Only Memory) is a type of memory that is masked off during production and is used in systems that require long-term sustainability.
• PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) is a memory chip on which data can be written only once. Once programmed, the information written is permanent and cannot be deleted.
• EPROM - (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light.
• EEPROM - (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge.

Random Access Memory (RAM),

• Random Access Memory (RAM) allows the computer to store data for immediate manipulation and to keep track of what is currently being processed.
• RAM is volatile memory and the content is lost when the power is turned off.
• RAM is also known as read/write memory as information can be read from and written onto it.
• The two main types of RAM are Static RAM and Dynamic RAM.
• Static RAM (SRAM) is a type of random access memory that retains its state for data bits or holds data as long as it receives the power. It is often used as CPU Cache memory.
• Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is a memory chip that can hold more data than an SRAM chip but requires more power.

​The correct answer is NEFT.

• NEFT is an online payment mode.
• The full form of NEFT is National Electronic Funds Transfer.

Additional Information

NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer)

• NEFT is a mode of online funds transfer that is introduced by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• It quickly transfers money between banks throughout India.
• A bank branch must be NEFT-enabled for a customer to be able to transfer the funds to another party.
• The objective behind this new clearance system is to promote digital transactions and the global integration of Indian financial markets.
• You can place an NEFT request at any point in time.
• The NEFT request will be sent to a queue.
• All the NEFT requests in the queue will be cleared once every hour.
• IFSC or Indian Financial System Code is an alpha-numeric code that uniquely identifies a bank branch participating in the NEFT system.
• It’s an 11-digit code with the first 4 alpha characters representing the bank, and the last 6 characters representing the branch, and the 5th character is 0 (zero).
• IFSC is used by the NEFT system to identify the originating / destination banks/branches and also to route the messages appropriately to the concerned banks/branches.
• There is no limit imposed by the RBI for funds transfer through the NEFT system.
• The NEFT system is available round the clock throughout the year on all days( 24x7x365 basis).
• NEFT presently operates in batches at half-hourly intervals throughout the day.
• The essential elements of beneficiary's identification are:
• Beneficiary's Name
• Beneficiary's Branch Name
• Beneficiary's Bank Name
• Beneficiary's Account Type
• Beneficiary's Account Number
• Beneficiary's Branch IFSC
• The RBI does not levy any charges from member banks for NEFT transactions.
• There are no charges to be levied for Inward transactions at destination bank branches for giving credit to beneficiary accounts.
• For outward transactions, the maximum charges that banks can levy from their customer for NEFT transactions are as follows:

Demand draft

• A demand draft is a method used by an individual to make a transfer payment from one bank account to another.
• Demand drafts differ from regular normal checks in that they do not require signatures to be cashed.
• A demand draft is a negotiable instrument similar to a bill of exchange.
• A bank issues a demand draft to a client, directing another bank or one of its own branches to pay a certain sum to the specified party.

​The correct answer is Star.

• Star topology is an arrangement of the network, in which every node is connected to the central hub, switch, or a central computer.

Additional Information

• Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components are interconnected to each other.
• There are two types of topology: physical and logical topology.
• Physical topology is the geometric representation of all the nodes in a network.
• The different types of physical topologies are Bus, Mesh, Ring, Star, and Tree.
• Star
• Star topology is an arrangement of the network in which every node is connected to the central hub, switch, or a central computer.
• The central computer is known as a server, and the peripheral devices attached to the server are known as clients.
• Coaxial cable or RJ-45 cables are used to connect the computers.
• Hubs or Switches are mainly used as connected devices in a physical star topology.
• Star topology is the most popular topology in network implementation.
• Mesh
• Mesh technology is an arrangement of the network in which computers are interconnected with each other through various redundant connections.
• There are multiple paths from one computer to another computer.
• It does not contain the switch, hub, or any central computer which acts as a central point of communication.
• The Internet is an example of mesh topology.
• Mesh topology is mainly used for WAN implementations where communication failures are a critical concern.
• Mesh topology is mainly used for wireless networks.
• Ring
• Ring topology is like a bus topology, but with connected ends.
• The node that receives the message from the previous computer will retransmit to the next node.
• The data flows in one direction, i.e., it is unidirectional.
• The data flows in a single loop continuously known as an endless loop.
• It has no terminated ends, i.e., each node is connected to another node and having no termination point.
• The data in a ring topology flow in a clockwise direction.
• The most common access method of the ring topology is token passing.
• Bus
• The bus topology is designed in such a way that all the stations are connected through a single cable known as a backbone cable.
• Each node is either connected to the backbone cable by drop cable or directly connected to the backbone cable.
• The bus topology is mainly used in 802.3 (ethernet) and 802.4 standard networks.
• The configuration of a bus topology is quite simpler as compared to other topologies.
• The backbone cable is considered as a "single lane" through which the message is broadcast to all the stations.
• The most common access method of the bus topologies is CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access).
• Tree
• A tree topology combines the characteristics of bus topology and star topology.
• A tree topology is a type of structure in which all the computers are connected with each other in a hierarchical fashion.
• The top-most node in tree topology is known as a root node, and all other nodes are the descendants of the root node.
• There is only one path that exists between two nodes for the data transmission. Thus, it forms a parent-child hierarchy.

​The correct answer is Ctrl +N.

Key Points 

• Ctrl + N is the shortcut to create a new presentation in MS PowerPoint.

 Additional Information

• Microsoft PowerPoint is a software application that is particularly used to present data and information by using text, diagrams with animation, images, and transitional effects, etc in the form of slides.
• It is used to make presentations for personal and professional purposes.
• It helps people to better understand the idea or topic in front of the audience practically and easily.
• The file extension of a saved Microsoft Powerpoint presentation is “.ppt”.
• Ribbon is located on the top of the PowerPoint window just below the Title bar.
• It is made up of seven tabs; Home, Insert, Design, Animations, Slide Show, Review, and View.
• Each tab is divided into groups of related commands that are displayed on the Ribbon.
• To view additional commands of a group click the arrow at the right bottom corner of the group.

• Some other important keys and functions are:

Important Points 

• ​Microsoft PowerPoint is invented by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin.
• The founder of Microsoft - Bill Gates and Paul Allen.
• The CEO of Microsoft - Satya Nadella.

​The correct answer is Apply to All.

• To use a uniform background image/appearance to all the slides in a PowerPoint presentation, choose 'Apply to All.'
• If you want to have all slides have the same background color, Go to Design tab > Select Format Background > Apply to All

​

Additional Information

• Microsoft PowerPoint is a software application that is particularly used to present data and information by using text, diagrams with animation, images, and transitional effects, etc in the form of slides.
• It is used to make presentations for personal and professional purposes.
• It helps people to better understand the idea or topic in front of the audience practically and easily.
• The file extension of a saved Microsoft Powerpoint presentation is “.ppt”.
• Ribbon is located on the top of the PowerPoint window just below the Title bar.
• It is made up of seven tabs; Home, Insert, Design, Animations, Slide Show, Review, and View.
• Each tab is divided into groups of related commands that are displayed on the Ribbon.
• To view additional commands of a group click the arrow at the right bottom corner of the group.

Important Points

• ​Microsoft PowerPoint is invented by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin.
• The founder of Microsoft - Bill Gates and Paul Allen.
• The CEO of Microsoft - Satya Nadella.

सही उत्तर 'वैकल्पिक' है।

Key Points

• 'अनिवार्य' का सही विलोम शब्द 'वैकल्पिक' है।
• 'अनिवार्य' का अर्थ - जिसका निवारण न हो सके।
• 'वैकल्पिक' का अर्थ - ऐच्छिक।

अन्य विकल्प - 

नोट - 'निअनिवार्य और 'अनअनिवार्य' शब्दों में वर्तनीगत अशुद्धि हैं।

सही उत्तर 'कर्तव्यनिष्ठा​' है। 

Key Points

• कर्तव्यनिष्ठा शुद्ध वर्तनी है।
• 'कर्तव्यनिष्ठा' का अर्थ 'कर्त्तव्य करने में निपुण' होता है।
• वाक्य - वो एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठा सुलझी महिला थीं।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'सर्वज्ञ' है।

Key Points

• ‘जो सब कुछ जानता हो’ वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द ‘सर्वज्ञ’ होगा।

अन्य विकल्प - 

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'जातिवाचक​​' है।

Key Points

• 'फूल' जातिवाचक संज्ञा है।
• 'फूल' शब्द संपूर्ण फूल की जाति का बोध करता है।
• जो शब्द किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान की संपूर्ण जाति का बोध कराते हैं, उन शब्दों को जातिवाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं। ​

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'पहाड़' है।

Key Points

• 'पहाड़' शब्द पुल्लिंग है।
• 'पहाड़' शब्द का वाक्य प्रयोग - वह पहाड़ बहुत बड़ा है। - यहाँ बड़ी है शब्द का उपयोग करना अनुचित होगा अर्थात 'पहाड़' शब्द पुल्लिंग है।

अन्य विकल्प - 

 

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'कठोर अनुशासन का पालन करने सीखें जिससे उनमें सुसंस्कार और सद्वृत्तियाँ पोषित हों​' है।

Key Points

• 'कठोर अनुशासन का पालन करने सीखें जिससे उनमें सुसंस्कार और सद्वृत्तियाँ पोषित करने के लिए छात्रों को गुरुकुल में छोड़ा जाता है।
• सन्दर्भ पंक्ति -  इसीलिए प्राचीन काल से ही विद्यार्थी जीवन के महत्त्व को स्वीकार किया गया है| इसी अवस्था में सुसंस्कार और सद्वृत्तियाँ पोषित की जा सकती हैं। इसीलिए प्राचीन समय में बांलक को घर से दूर, गुरूकुल में रहकर कठोर अनुशासन का पालन करना होता था।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'हँसना​​' है।

Key Points

• 'हँसना' में 'पतंग' अकर्मक क्रिया है।
• अकर्मक क्रिया वहाँ पर होती है जहाँ कर्ता द्वारा किया गया कार्य किसी अन्य चीज को प्रभावित नहीं करता है।
• वाक्य - सीता हँसती है। ​

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'सन्तान​' है।

Key Points

• 'सन्तान' शब्द पुल्लिंग नहीं है।
• 'सन्तान' शब्द का वाक्य प्रयोग - राजा की संतानें अच्छी हैं। - यहाँ संतानें अच्छा हैं - का प्रयोग करना अनुचित होगा अर्थात संतान शब्द स्त्रीलिंग है।

अन्य विकल्प - 

 

Additional Information

‘उत् + चारण’ सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• 'उच्चारण' का सही सन्धि विच्छेद होगा - उत् + चारण।
• 'उच्चारण - उत् + चारण' में व्यंजन संधि  है।
• 'उच्चारण - उत् + चारण' (त्/द् + च = च्च)।
• व्यंजन संधि करते समय त्/द् के साथ च् हो तो 'त्' का 'च्' बन जाता है।

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Additional Information

सही उत्तर ‘कर्मधारय समास​’ होगा। 

Key Points

• 'नीलकमल' कर्मधारय समास का उदाहरण है।
• 'नीलकमल' का समास विग्रह होगा - नीला है कमल जो।

पदों की प्रधानता के आधार पर समास का वर्गीकरण निम्न प्रकार है -  

1. पूर्वपद प्रधान- अव्ययीभाव समास
2. उत्तरपद प्रधान- तत्पुरुष समास, कर्मधारय समास, द्विगु  समास
3. दोनों पद प्रधान- द्वंद्व समास
4. दोनों पद अप्रधान- बहुव्रीहि समास

संधि और समास- अर्थ की दृष्टि से दोनों शब्द सामान हैं यद्यपि दोनों में कुछ अंतर है जैसे- 

1. संधि वर्णों का मेल है और समास शब्दों का मेल है।
2. संधि में वर्णों के मेल से वर्ण परिवर्तन अथवा विकार उत्पन्न होता है जबकि समास में ऐसा नहीं होता।
3. संधि के द्वारा बने शब्दों को पुनः मूल अवस्था में लाने को संधि-विच्छेद कहते हैं जबकि समास के पदों को अलग करने की प्रक्रिया समास-विग्रह कहलाती है।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'शर्मिंदा होना' है।

Key Points

• 'घड़ों पानी पड़ना' मुहावरे का अर्थ है- शर्मिंदा होना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - वह हमेशा कक्षा में प्रथम आता था मगर इस बार परीक्षा में चोरी करते समय रँगे हाथ पकड़े जाने पर मनीष पर घड़ों पानी पड़ गया।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'चिर’ है।

Key Points

• 'चिरायु' = चिर + आयु।
• ‘चिर’ उपसर्ग से बन���े वाले अन्य शब्द - चिरकुमार, चिरकाल, चिरंजीवी इत्यादि।
• ‘चिर’ का अर्थ –  दीर्घकालीन।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'श्लेष' है।

Key Points

• 'रहिमन पानी राखिए, बिन पानी सब सून। पानी गए न ऊबरे, मोती मानस चून।।' में श्लेष अलंकार है।
• जहाँ एक शब्द अनेक अर्थों में प्रयुक्त होता है, वहाँ शब्द-श्लेष होता है।
• यहाँ एक शब्द 'पानी' के द्वारा अनेक अर्थों का बोध कराए जाने के कारण यहाँ श्लेष अलंकार है।

अन्य विकल्प - 

 

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'जेठ' है।

Key Points

• 'जेठ' तद्भव शब्द है, जो संस्कृत के 'ज्येष्ठ' शब्द से निकला है।
• ऐसे शब्द जो संस्कृत से हिंदी में आने पर उनका रूप बदल गया तद्भव शब्द कहलाते हैं, जैसे- आग, खीर, लकड़ी आदि।

Additional Information

The correct answer is 'stubborn'. 

Key Points

• The given question is an example of an analogy.
• Analogy: a comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.
• Here in the given question 'Vociferous: Noisy' are synonyms.
• Similarly, 'Intransigent: Stubborn' are synonyms.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 4.
  

​

Correct Answer: stubborn.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of given words:

The correct answer is 'Vinay heard a strange noise in the night.'

Key Points

• The most appropriate conversion of the given sentence is 'Vinay heard a strange noise in the night.'
• The simple past is used to describe an action that occurred and was completed in the past.
• Here, in the given sentence 'hears' is a verb.
• With simple past tense 'second form of the verb' is used.
• The second form of the verb 'hear' is 'heard'.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 3.
  

​

Correct Sentence: Vinay heard a strange noise in the night.

Additional Information

• If the point of time words are mentioned in the sentence like 'Last, Yesterday, the other day, ago, back, before, last, etc.' then the second form of the verb is used.
• Example: Tina appeared in the UPSC examination last year.

The correct answer is 'Coulrophobia'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate one-word substitute for the given group of words is 'Coulrophobia'.
• The word Coulrophobia means an 'extreme or irrational fear of clowns (जोकरों का अत्यधिक या तर्कहीन भय)'.
• Example: It has emerged that the multi-millionaire entrepreneur suffers from coulrophobia.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 4.
  

​

Correct Answer: Coulrophobia.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:

The correct answer is 'nevertheless'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'nevertheless'.
• The word 'nevertheless' means 'in spite of that (तथापि, ऐसा होने पर भी)'.
• Example: It was a cold, rainy day. Nevertheless, more people came than we had expected.
• We use 'nevertheless' when saying something that contrasts with what has just been said.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 2.
  

​

Correct Sentence: Annu, though ill-equipped for the project, had nevertheless tried her best.

The correct answer is 'Invincible'.

Key Points 

• The word 'Unassailable' means 'unable to be attacked, questioned, or defeated (हमला करने, पूछताछ करने या पराजित करने में असमर्थ)'.
• The synonyms of the word 'Unassailable' are "hallowed, holy, inviolable, invincible, sacred, sacrosanct, untouchable".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Invincible' is the most similar in meaning.
• The word 'Invincible' means 'incapable of being conquered, overcome, or subdued (विजय प्राप्त करने, दूर करने या वश में करने में असमर्थ)'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

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Additional Information 

• Example of 'Unassailable' in a sentence:
• We maintained an unassailable sea power from our own resources.

The correct answer is 'Blatant'.

Key Points

• The correctly spelt word is 'Blatant'.
• The word means 'very clear or obvious साफ़, खुला या स्‍पष्‍ट'.
• Example: He lifted his head in blatant rejection.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 2.
  

​

Correct Answer: Blatant.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other spelling:

The correct answer is 'among'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'among'.
• The word 'among' means 'surrounded by; in the middle of से घिरा हुआ; के बीच में'.
• Example: I often feel nervous when I’m among strangers.
• Among is used when someone or something that is situated or moving among a group of things or people is surrounded by them.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 1.
  

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Correct Sentence: The ancient fountain was hidden among the trees.

The correct answer is 'Mr. Mathur said that he wanted to meet my parents.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is in Direct Speech. As per the given question we have to change it into Indirect Speech.
• The process of transformation is as follows:
• In the given sentence the reporting verb has no object. Hence, 'said' will not be changed.
• Comma and inverted commas will be removed.
• The conjunction 'that' will be added.
• Here, 'want' will be changed into 'wanted'.
• And lastly, 'your' will be changed into 'my'. Because the second person pronoun is changed according to the object of the reporting verb.
• Therefore, as per the points, mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 4. 
  

​

Correct Sentence: Mr. Mathur said that he wanted to meet my parents.

Additional Information

• Change in adverbs and determines in Direct To Indirect Speech.

• The following table will enable us to know how tense changes into Indirect speech:

The correct answer is 'used to'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'used to'.
• We use used to when we refer to things in the past that is no longer true.
• It can refer to repeated actions or to a state or situation. 
• Example: He used to play football for the local team, but he’s too old now.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 1.
  

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Correct Sentence: That white house over there used to belong to my family.

The correct answer is 'fewer'.

Key Points

• The most determiner to fill in the given blank is 'fewer'.
• When we use fewer or less before articles (a/an, the), demonstratives (this, that), possessives (my, your), or pronouns (him, them), we need to use of.
• We use less with singular nouns and fewer with plural nouns.
• Example: Better cycle routes would mean fewer cars and fewer accidents.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 3.
  

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Correct Sentence: There are fewer birds in the countryside now than there were 30 years ago.

Additional Information

• A few means some.
• 'A few’ has a positive meaning, and is opposed to ‘none’. 
• ​Example: A few words spoken in earnest will convince her.
• ​The few means not many, but all there are. 
• ​Example: The few friends he has are all very poor.

The correct answer is 'affected'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'affected'.
• The word affected means 'to produce an effect upon'.
• "Affect" is usually used as a verb, an action. "Effect" is usually used as a noun, a thing.
• Example:
• One effect of the earthquake was that many people lost their homes.
• The earthquake affected many people.​
• She wiped her face, affected by his words.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 2.
  

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Correct Sentence: The cold weather has really affected her health.

The correct answer is 'To join a popular trend'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'Jump on the bandwagon' means 'To join a popular trend'.
• Jump on the bandwagon: join others in doing or supporting something fashionable or likely to be successful.
• Example: Scientists and doctors alike have jumped on the bandwagon.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 3.
  

​

Correct Answer: To join a popular trend.

Additional Information

• Let's look at some idioms:

The correct answer is 'Sacrilegious'.

Key Points

• The correctly spelt word among the given options is 'Sacrilegious'.
• The word 'Sacrilegious' means 'treating something holy or important without respect सम्मान के बिना कुछ पवित्र या महत्वपूर्ण व्यवहार करना'.
• Example: The performance is not sacrilegious or blasphemous.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 2.
  

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Correct Answer: Sacrilegious.

The correct answer is 'haute in the winter'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'hot in the winter' should be used in place of 'haute in the winter'.
• As per the given context of the sentence, 'haute' should be changed into 'hot' because Part IV tells us that in summer 'cold' chocolate milk can be drunk.
• And in the winter 'hot' chocolate milk can be drunk.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 3.
  

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Correct Sentence: You can drink chocolate milk either hot in the winter or cold in the summer.

The correct answer is 'born'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate usage for the given fill-in-the-blank is 'born'.
• The word 'born' means 'to come into the world by birth; to start existing (जन्‍म लेना, पैदा होना; अस्तित्व का आरंभ होना)'.
• Example: I was born in Lucknow but I grew up in Varanasi.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 1.
  

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Correct Sentence: They say that a new baby is born every five minutes.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words given in the options:

The correct answer is 'Convenience'.

Key Points

• The word 'Expediency' means 'the quality of being convenient and practical despite possibly being improper or immoral; convenience. (संभवतः अनुचित या अनैतिक होने के बावजूद सुविधाजनक और व्यावहारिक होने का गुण; सुविधा।)'.
• The synonyms of the word 'Expediency' are "advisability, advisableness, desirability, convenience, desirableness, expedience, judiciousness, prudence, wisdom".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Convenience' is the most similar in meaning.
• The word 'Convenience' means 'the quality of being easy, useful or suitable for somebody (आसानी, सुविधा, उपयुक्तता)'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

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Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Expediency' are "imprudence, inadvisability, inexpedience, inexpediency, injudiciousness, unwisdom".
• Example of 'Expediency' in a sentence:
• He acted out of expediency, not principle.

The correct answer is 'Arrogant.'

Key Points

• The given word 'Demure' means (used especially about a girl or young woman) shy, quiet and polite. (शरमीली, शांत और विनीत लड़की या युवती)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Humble' means not thinking that you are better or more important than other people; not proud. (विनम्र, विनीत; घमंडी नहीं)
• 'Shy' means nervous and uncomfortable about meeting and speaking to people. (लोगों से मिलने और बात करने में घबराहट और बेचैनी अनुभव करने वाला; संकोची)
• 'Arrogant' means thinking that you are better and more important than other people. (अक्‍खड़, घमंडी, अभिमानी)
• 'Coy' means pretending to be shy or innocent. (दिखावटी तौर पर लज्‍जालु या भोला)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

<br>

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Demure' are "arrogant, conceited, egotistic".
• The synonyms of the word 'Demure' are "down-to-earth, humble, modest".

The correct answer is 'used to.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is saying something about the salesman travelling up and down the country.
• ''Used to'' refers to actions and situations in the past which no longer happen or are no longer true. It always refers to the past.
• We use the following construction: subject + to be + used to + gerund.
• This means that the salesman was accustomed to travelling up and down the country: he did it a lot and felt comfortable doing it.
• Therefore, the phrase ''used to'' should be used in the blank.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete Sentence: The salesman was used to travelling up and down the country.

Additional Information

• Let us explore the other options:
• ''Got used to'' is incorrect as it means someone is, was, or will become accustomed to something. (''Got used to'' गलत है क्योंकि इसका मतलब है कि कोई है, था या कुछ का आदी हो जाएगा)
• Use is incorrect as it is the base or root form of the verb. (Use गलत है क्योंकि यह क्रिया का मूल रूप है)
• Uses is incorrect as it is the third-person present form of the verb. (Uses गलत है क्योंकि यह third-person present form है verb की)

Hinglish

• दिया गया वाक्य पूरे देश में विभिन्न स्थानों की यात्रा करने वाले सेल्समैन के बारे में कुछ कह रहा है।
• ''Used to'' अतीत में उन कार्यों और स्थितियों को संदर्भित करता है जो अब नहीं होती हैं या अब सच नहीं हैं। यह हमेशा अतीत को संदर्भित करता है।
• हम निम्नलिखित निर्माण का उपयोग करते हैं: subject + to be + used to + gerund.
• इसका मतलब है कि विक्रेता पूरे देश में यात्रा करने का आदी था।
• इसलिए रिक्त स्थान में ''used to'' शब्द का प्रयोग करना चाहिए।
  

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 है ।

सही वाक्य: The salesman was used to travelling up and down the country.

The correct answer is 'Puritanical.'

Key Points

• Let us explore the options:-
• 'Puritanical': The correctly spelled word is 'Puritanical' and it means believing or involving the belief that it is important to work hard and control yourself, and that pleasure is wrong or unnecessary. (विश्वास करना या इस विश्वास को शामिल करना कि कड़ी मेहनत करना और खुद को नियंत्रित करना महत्वपूर्ण है, और यह आनंद गलत या अनावश्यक है)
• 'Puirtanical': There is no such word in English or we can say that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
• 'Pruitanical': There is no such word in English or we can say that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
• 'Pirutanical': There is no such word in English or we can say that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Example of 'Puritanical' in a sentence:
• His puritanical parents saw any kind of pleasure as the road to damnation.

The correct answer is 'Do or say something exactly right.'

Key Points

• Given Idiom: Hit the nail on the head means to do or say something exactly right. (किसी चीज़ के बारे में सटीक रूप से सही होना या करना)
• Example: Every word he said hit the nail on the head.
• From the given options, the second option is the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

<br>

Mistake Points

• We may think from the phrase "Hit the nail on the head" that it is all about hitting the nail on someone's head.
  

Additional Information

• This phrase, quite obviously, has its roots in carpentry, however, it is not clear as to when it started being used. The analogy is simple while hammering in a nail, you would want to hit it on its head to get the desired result. Missing the head could mean causing damage to the surface or even injury to yourself.

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. duplicate.

Key Points

• The sentence requires a noun to describe the type of keys the thieves had.
• The word "duplicate" correctly fits as it describes keys that are copies of the original.
• "Duplicate" is used in the singular form here to describe the general category of keys.
• The other options either do not fit grammatically or do not convey the correct meaning.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Duplicity: Means deceitfulness or double-dealing, not related to the context of keys.
• Duplicates: The plural form would be incorrect here as the sentence seems to be referring to the type of key, not the number of keys.
• Duplicacy: This word is not standard in English and does not fit the context.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'

Key Points

• In the second part of the given sentence, the singular form of the verb 'lead' is incorrect.
• The subject 'Each of these' is singular and requires a singular verb.
• When 'each' is used as a subject, it always takes a singular verb.
• Therefore, the correct verb form should be 'leads' instead of 'lead'.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: Each of these three roads leads to the railway station.

<br>

Additional Information

• The first part (I) 'Each of these' is correct and does not contain any errors.
• The third part (III) 'to the railway station' is grammatically correct and does not contain any errors.

The correct answer is Option 3 i.e.  called.

Key Points

• The sentence refers to an action that occurred at a specific time in the past, which is "4 o'clock yesterday afternoon."
• The present continuous tense ("I calling") is incorrect for describing a completed action that occurred at a definite past time.
• The correct tense to use here is the simple past tense, which is "called."
• The correct sentence should read: "I called her office at 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon."

Therefore, the correct answer is: called.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (were calling): "Were calling" is the past continuous tense and is used for ongoing actions in the past. It does not fit the context of a single completed action at a specific time.
• Option 2 (call): "Call" is the base form of the verb and is incorrect. The sentence requires a past tense verb.
• Option 4 (No improvement): The original sentence "I calling her office at 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon" is grammatically incorrect and needs improvement.

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. economical.

Key Points

• The blank in the sentence requires an adjective to describe the diesel car in comparison to a petrol car.
• The term "economical" is the correct adjective which means cost-effective or giving good value in relation to the money, time, or effort spent.
• The other options do not fit grammatically or contextually as they are either nouns or unrelated terms.
• Using "economical" accurately conveys the intended meaning that diesel cars are generally cheaper to run than petrol cars.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Option 2: economy - This is a noun which refers to the state of a country or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money. It does not fit the context of the sentence which requires an adjective.
• Option 3: economics - This is a noun that refers to the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It is not suitable in the given context.
• Option 4: economies - This is the plural form of 'economy' and refers to multiple economic systems or savings. It does not fit grammatically in the sentence.

The correct answer is: Option 1 (Preposition).

Key Points

• The word "before" refers to a point in time earlier than a particular event or moment. (पहले / पूर्व)
• Example: She finished her homework before dinner.
• "Preposition" is a part of speech used to show the relationship of a noun or pronoun with another word in the sentence, often indicating time, place, direction, or cause. (संबंधबोधक अव्यय)
• Example: The meeting will start before noon.
• In the sentence, the word "before" shows the relationship of time between four hours and your flight.
• Thus, "before" functions as a preposition because it connects the phrase "four hours" with "your flight" and expresses a time relationship.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 1 (Preposition).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings:

• Verb (क्रिया): A word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being.
• Example: She runs every morning.
• Adjective (विशेषण): A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.
• Example: It was a beautiful day.
• Noun (संज्ञा): A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
• Example: The teacher explained the lesson clearly.

The correct answer is 'were staying.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is saying something about some people staying next to author's hotel.
• The given sentence is giving a reason or context for an event.
• We often use the past continuous tense to give a reason or context for an event.
• The past continuous tense is formed by combining the past tense of ''to be'' (i.e., was/were) with the verb’s present participle (-ing word).
• Therefore, the option 'were staying' is the correct answer.
  

Conclusion: Some people were staying next to the author's hotel. (कुछ लोग लेखक के होटल के बगल में ठहरे हुए थे)

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Complete Sentence: They were staying in the hotel next to ours.

<br>

Additional Information

• Let us explore the other options:
• Have staying is incorrect as the past participle 'stayed' should be used with 'have'. (Have staying गलत है क्योंकि past participle 'stayed' का प्रयोग 'have' के साथ किया जाना चाहिए)
• Was staying is incorrect as the singular verb 'was' cannot be used with the plural pronoun 'they'. (Was staying गलत है क्योंकि singular verb 'was' का प्रयोग plural pronoun 'they' के साथ नहीं किया जा सकता है)
• Had staying is incorrect as the past participle 'stayed' should be used with 'had'. (Had staying गलत है क्योंकि past participle 'stayed' का प्रयोग 'had' के साथ किया जाना चाहिए)
  

Hinglish

• दिया गया वाक्य लेखक के होटल के बगल में रहने वाले कुछ लोगों के बारे में कुछ कह रहा है।​
• दिया गया वाक्य किसी घटना का कारण या प्रसंग बता रहा है।
• हम अक्सर किसी घटना के लिए कारण या संदर्भ देने के लिए past continuous tense का उपयोग करते हैं।
• Past continuous tense का निर्माण क्रिया के present participle (-ing word) के साथ past tense of ''to be'' (i.e., was/were) के संयोजन से होता है।
• इसलिए, विकल्प 'were staying' सही उत्तर है।
  

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 है ।

सही वाक्य: They were staying in the hotel next to ours.

The correct answer is 'Penguin Random House published the book Baking Delights.'

Key Points

• In Active Voice, a sentence emphasizes the subject, performing an action.
• In Passive Voice, a sentence emphasizes the action or the object of the sentence.
• The given sentence is in the passive voice and it is in the past simple tense.
• When we convert this sentence into an active voice, the subject 'The book Baking Delights' of the passive voice becomes the object, the object 'Penguin Random House' becomes the subject.
• The passive format "was + V3 (published)" should be converted into the active format "V2 (published)".
• This is the active and passive voice rule for the past simple tense.

<br>

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

Verbs of passive format have a different set of tenses (*V3 - Past participle or Third form of the Verb) as given below in the table:

<br>

Hinglish

• Active Voice में , एक वाक्य विषय पर जोर देता है, एक क्रिया करता है।
• Passive Voice में , एक वाक्य वाक्य की क्रिया या वस्तु पर जोर देता है।
• दिया गया वाक्य passive voice में है और यह past simple tense में है।
• Passive format "was + V3 (published)" को active format "V2 (published)" में परिवर्तित किया जाना चाहिए।
• यह past simple tense के लिए active and passive voice rule है।
  

अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 है।

The correct answer is 'To celebrate'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given word 'To kill the fatted calf' is 'To celebrate'.
• The idiom 'To kill the fatted calf' means 'produce one's best food to celebrate, especially at a prodigal's return'.
• Example: We're going to kill the fatted calf for Alfred when he comes back from his expedition.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 3.
  

​

Correct Answer: To celebrate.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning and examples of some idioms of the word 'Play':

The correct answer is 'III, I, V, IV, II'.

Key Points

• Let's look at the explanation given below:
• The given sentence is an example of an assertive sentence.
• We know that assertive sentences generally start with a noun, pronoun, or an article followed by an auxiliary verb or verb.
• Hence, only Part III can be the starting sentence.
• Only Option 2 starts with Part III.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 2.
  

​

Correct Sentence: Ananya came over and we decided to use my car because hers was playing up.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Pardon.

Key Points

• The word "Condemn" means to express complete disapproval of, typically in public; censure. (निंदा करना)
• Example: The council was quick to condemn the vandalism of the park.
• "Pardon" refers to the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense. (क्षमा करना)
• Example: The president decided to pardon the prisoner after reviewing the case.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Condemn' is 'Pardon'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Pardon.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Denounce (निंदा करना): Publicly declare to be wrong or evil.
• Example: The mayor denounced the actions of the corrupt officials.
• Convict (दोषी ठहराना): Declare someone to be guilty of a criminal offense.
• Example: The jury convicted him of theft.
• Criticize (आलोचना करना): Indicate the faults of someone or something in a disapproving way.
• Example: She was quick to criticize the new policy.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• In the second part of the given sentence, the verb form 'has broke out' is incorrect.
• The correct form should be 'has broken out', which is the present perfect tense.
• The present perfect tense is formed by 'has/have' + past participle of the verb.
• Therefore, the correct form should be 'has broken out' instead of 'has broke out'.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: A fire has broken out at a disused hotel on the seafront.

<br>

Additional Information

• Option 1: 'A fire' - This part is correct as it is the subject of the sentence.
• Option 3: 'at a disused hotel' - This part is correct and provides additional information about the location.
• Option 4: 'on the seafront' - This part is correct and further specifies the location.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. Delight.

Key Points

• The word "Ecstasy" means an overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement. (परमानंद)
• Example: She was in ecstasy when she received the news of her promotion.
• "Delight" refers to a feeling of great pleasure or happiness. (आनंद)
• Example: The children screamed with delight as they opened their gifts.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'Ecstasy' is 'Delight'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Delight.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Agony (पीड़ा): Extreme physical or mental suffering.
• Example: He was in agony after breaking his leg in the accident.
• Despair (निराशा): The complete loss or absence of hope.
• Example: She was in despair after failing the exam for the third time.
• Torment (यातना): Severe physical or mental suffering.
• Example: The constant noise was a torment to him.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Valiant.

Key Points

• The word "Intrepid" means fearless and adventurous, often used to describe someone who is brave and willing to take risks. (निर्भीक)
• Example: The intrepid explorer ventured into the unknown regions of the Amazon rainforest.
• "Valiant" refers to showing courage or determination, similar to being intrepid. (वीर)
• Example: The valiant firefighter saved many lives during the blaze.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Valiant.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Timid (डरपोक): Showing a lack of courage or confidence; easily frightened.
• Example: The timid child hid behind his mother when strangers approached.
• Mousy (डरपोक): Quiet, shy, and lacking in confidence.
• Example: She was a mousy girl who rarely spoke in class.
• Coward (कायर): A person who lacks the courage to do or endure dangerous or unpleasant things.
• Example: He was labeled a coward for not standing up to the bully.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Stingy.

Key Points

• The word "spendthrift" means someone who spends money in an extravagant, irresponsible way. (अपव्ययी)
• Example: Being a spendthrift, he quickly ran through his inheritance.
• "Stingy" refers to someone who is unwilling to spend money; miserly. (कंजूस)
• Example: He is so stingy that he never even leaves a tip at restaurants.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'spendthrift' is 'stingy'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Stingy.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Extravagant (फिजूलखर्च): Spending money in an uncontrolled or wasteful way.
• Example: She has an extravagant lifestyle that she can hardly afford.
• Spender (खर्चीला): A person who spends money.
• Example: He is a big spender when it comes to electronics and gadgets.
• Wastrel (निकम्मा): A person who wastes their money or resources.
• Example: His family considered him a wastrel who would never amount to anything.

The correct answer is 'Permit'.

Key Points

• In the given options the word 'Permit' can be used as both 'a noun and a verb'.
• Noun: a word that is the name of a thing, an idea, a place, or a person.
• Verb: a word or group of words that is used to indicate that something happens or exists, for example, bring, happen, be, do
• Usage of the word 'Permit' as a noun: 
• an official document that says you are allowed to do something, especially for a limited period of time
• Example: Next month I’ll have to apply for a new work permit.
• Usage of the word 'Permit' as a verb: 
• to allow somebody to do something or to allow something to happen
• Example: You are not permitted to smoke in the hospital.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 2.
  

​

Correct Answer: Permit.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:

The correct answer is 'affluence'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the given blank is 'affluence'.
• The word affluence means 'the state of having a great deal of money; wealth (समृद्धि, अमीरी)'.
• Example: Increased exports have brought new affluence.
• Affluence is the state of having a lot of money or a high standard of living.
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 3.
  

​

Correct Sentence: The nation's affluence has made two and even three-car families the norm.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words given in the options:

The correct answer is 'Very different.'

Key Points

• Underlined Idiom: Far cry from means very different from something. (किसी चीज से बहुत अलग)
• Example: The movie is a far cry from the book.
• From the given options, the second option is the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
• The option 'very different' means not the same. (भिन्‍न, अलग प्रकार का, एक जैसा नहीं)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

<br>

Mistake Points

• We may think from the phrase "far cry from" that it is all about someone crying somewhere.
  

Additional Information

• This expression is believed to have its source in measuring one’s distance from an enemy in terms of shouting. Sir Walter Scott indicated (The Legend of Montrose, 1819) that it was a proverbial expression of the Campbell clan, which meant that their ancient hereditary domains lay beyond the reach of invaders.

The correct answer is 'accused of.'

Key Points

• The preposition 'of' follows the verb 'accused'.
• ''Accused of'' means to blame one for a crime or wrongdoing.
• For example: He was accused of murder.
• Therefore the phrase ''accused of'' should be used in the blank.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Complete Sentence: They stand accused of crimes against humanity.

Hinglish

• Preposition 'of', verb 'accused' का अनुसरण करता है।
• ''Accused of'' का अर्थ है किसी को अपराध या गलत काम के लिए दोषी ठहराना।
• उदाहरण: He was accused of murder.
• इसलिए रिक्त स्थान में वाक्यांश ''accused of'' का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।
  

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है।

सही वाक्य: They stand accused of crimes against humanity.

The correct answer is 'Hostility.'

Key Points

• The given word 'Comity' means peaceful coexistence. (शांतिपूर्ण सह-अस्तित्व)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Courtesy' means not thinking that you are better or more important than other people; not proud. (विनम्र, विनीत; घमंडी नहीं)
• 'Hostility' means unfriendliness or opposition; very strong feelings against somebody or something. (विरोध; व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु के प्रति अत्‍यंत उग्र भावनाएँ; शत्रुता)
• 'Amenity' means something that makes a place pleasant or easy to live in. (किसी स्‍थान को अधिक आरामदेह बनाने के लिए सुख-साधन; सुविधाएँ)
• 'Benevolence' means the quality of being well meaning; kindness. (परोपकरी, हितकामना)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

<br>

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Comity' are "hostility, hatred, conflict".
• The synonyms of the word 'Comity' are "serenity, harmony, peace".

The correct answer is 'To go to bed.'

Key Points

• Given Idiom: Hit the sack means to go to bed or sleep. (सोने जाना)
• Example: She wanted to hit the sack and did not feel like going out to party with her friends.
• From the given options, the first option is the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

<br>

Mistake Points

• We may think from the phrase "Hit the sack" that it is all about hitting the large bag.
  

Additional Information

• This phrase originated in America around the late 1800s to early 1900s, when mattresses used to consist of old sacks filled with hay or straw.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Silhouette.

Key Points

• The word "silhouette" means an outline that appears dark against a light background, often used to describe the shape or outline of an object. (आकृति)
• Example: The silhouette of the mountain was striking against the evening sky.
• "Silhouette" is correctly spelled and is used to describe an outline or shape that is visible due to backlighting. (आकृति)
• Example: She admired the silhouette of the tree as the sun set behind it.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Silhouette

The correct answer is Option 1 i.e. valour.

Key Points

• The sentence indicates that he was promoted in recognition of his bravery during the battle.
• The word "valour" means great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle, which fits the context of the sentence.
• The words "timidity," "wimpiness," and "cowardice" all convey a lack of bravery, making them incorrect choices based on the sentence's positive indication of bravery.
• Understanding the meaning of "valour" in the context of the sentence helps to clarify that his promotion was due to his courageous actions during the battle.

Therefore, the correct answer is- valour.

Additional Information

• **Timidity (**संकोच) means lack of courage or confidence.
• **Wimpiness (**कमजोरी)refers to being weak and ineffectual.
• **Cowardice (**कायरता)means lack of bravery.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. Waste material.

Key Points

• The word "Detritus" means waste or debris of any kind; it is often used to describe the remains of something that has been broken down or destroyed. (मलबा)
• Example: After the flood, the streets were filled with detritus from the destroyed homes.
• "Waste material" refers to any material that is discarded because it is no longer useful or required. (कचरा)
• Example: The factory produces a large amount of waste material that needs to be disposed of properly.
• Hence, we can infer that "Detritus" means "Waste material".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Waste material.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• A sum of money that somebody owes (ऋण): An amount of money that needs to be paid back.
• Example: He has a large sum of money that he owes to the bank.
• Self-harm or damage (आत्म-क्षति): The act of causing harm or damage to oneself.
• Example: Self-harm is a serious issue that requires professional help.
• Someone who criticizes unfairly (अनुचित आलोचक): A person who makes unfair or harsh criticisms.
• Example: He is known to be someone who criticizes unfairly without understanding the full context.

The correct answer is Option 3 i.e. I remember being taken to the theatre by my father.

Key Points

• The verb structure in passive voice should be "being taken" rather than "been taking" or "been taken".
• The phrase "by my father" correctly indicates the doer of the action in the passive voice.
• "Being taken" is the correct form to use in this sentence to indicate an action that was done to the subject.
• Passive voice is correctly formed by placing the object of the active sentence ("me") as the subject in the passive sentence, followed by the appropriate form of the verb and the doer of the action ("by my father").

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3 i.e. I remember being taken to the theatre by my father.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "I remember been taking to the theatre by my father." - "been taking" is incorrect; the correct form should be "being taken".
• Option 2: "I remember being taken to the theatre my father." - Missing the preposition "by" to indicate the doer of the action.
• Option 4: "I remember been taken the theatre by my father." - "been taken" is incorrect; the correct form should be "being taken". Also, it misses the preposition "to" before "the theatre".

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. Tired.

Key Points

• The word "knackered" means extremely tired or exhausted. (बहुत थका हुआ)
• Example: After working a 12-hour shift, I felt completely knackered.
• "Tired" refers to the state of needing rest or sleep; feeling weary. (थका हुआ)
• Example: She was so tired after the long journey that she went straight to bed.
• Hence, we can infer that the correct meaning of 'knackered' is 'tired'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Tired.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Energetic (ऊर्जावान): Showing or involving great activity or vitality.
• Example: The energetic children played in the park all afternoon.
• Happy (खुश): Feeling or showing pleasure or contentment.
• Example: She was happy to see her old friends at the reunion.
• Angry (गुस्से में): Feeling or showing strong annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.
• Example: He was angry when he found out that his car had been scratched.

The correct answer is 'A Complaint.'

Key Points

• The relationship between the given two words is that William Shakespeare is the author of the poem 'Venus and Adonis'. (दिए गए दो शब्दों के बीच संबंध यह है कि 'वीनस और एडोनिस' कविता के लेखक विलियम शेक्सपियर हैं)
• William Wordsworth is the author of the poem 'A Complaint'. ('ए कंप्लेंट' कविता के लेखक विलियम वर्ड्सवर्थ हैं)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Modern Love' is a poem written by George Meredith.
• 'Fireflies in the Garden' is a poem written by Robert Frost.
• 'Love and Death' is a poem written by Sarojini Naidu.

The correct answer is 'Schizophrenia.'

Key Points

• Let us explore the options:-
• 'Schrizophenia': There is no such word in English or we can say that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
• 'Schizophenia': There is no such word in English or we can say that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
• 'Schyzophrenia': There is no such word in English or we can say that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
• 'Schizophrenia': The correctly spelt word is 'Schizophrenia' and it means a serious mental illness in which a person confuses the real world and the world of the imagination and often behaves in strange and unexpected ways. (एक गंभीर मनोरोग जिसमें रोगी वास्‍तविक और काल्‍पनिक संसार में भेद नहीं कर पाता तथा विचित्र एवं अनपेक्षित रीति से आचरण करता है)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Example of 'Schizophrenia' in a sentence:
• One of the most common symptoms of schizophrenia is hearing imaginary voices.

The correct answer is 'II' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the second part of the given sentence, the use of the singular verb 'is' is incorrect.
• The words 'is' and 'are' are conjugated forms of the verb ''to be''.
• 'You' is the second-person plural pronoun.
• The form 'are' belongs to the person 'you', both in singular and in the plural.
• Therefore, the plural form of the verb 'are' should be used in place of the singular form of the verb 'is'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: Are you coming or are you staying at home or will you go and see Mum?

Hinglish

• दिए गए वाक्य के दूसरे भाग में एकवचन क्रिया 'is' का प्रयोग गलत है।
• शब्द 'is' और 'are' क्रिया ''to be'' के संयुग्मित रूप हैं।
• 'You' दूसरा व्यक्ति बहुवचन सर्वनाम है।
• रूप 'are' व्यक्ति 'you' से संबंधित है, एकवचन और बहुवचन दोनों में।
• इसलिए, plural form of the verb 'are' का प्रयोग singular form of the verb 'is' के स्थान पर किया जाना चाहिए।
  

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है ।

सही वाक्य: Are you coming or are you staying at home or will you go and see Mum?

The correct answer is 'II' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the second part of the given sentence, the use of the determiner 'some' before the uncountable noun 'time' is missing.
• The noun 'time' in the given sentence is an uncountable noun.
• Determiners precede nouns and show what kind of reference the noun has.
• The determiner 'some' should be used with the uncountable noun 'time'.
• The determiner 'some' is used to refer to someone or something that is unknown or unspecified.
• Therefore, the determiner 'some' should precede the uncountable noun 'time'.
• Also, the adjective 'illicit' used in the second part is incorrect.
• The adjective 'illicit' means an activity or substance not allowed by law or by the rules of society.
• The verb 'elicit' should be used as per the context of the sentence.
• The verb 'elicit' means to draw out something hidden, latent, or reserved.
  

.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: I tried to get the surgeon to elicit that she just needed some time to get used to the idea.

Hinglish

• दिए गए वाक्य के दूसरे भाग में uncountable noun 'time' के पूर्व determiner 'some' के प्रयोग का अभाव है।
• दिए गए वाक्य में noun 'time' एक uncountable noun है।
• Determiners, nouns से पहले आते हैं और दिखाते हैं कि noun का किस प्रकार का संदर्भ है।
• Determiner 'some' का उपयोग uncountable noun 'time' के साथ किया जाना चाहिए।
• Determiner 'some' का उपयोग किसी अज्ञात या अनिर्दिष्ट व्यक्ति या किसी चीज़ को संदर्भित करने के लिए किया जाता है।
• इसलिए, determiner 'some' को uncountable noun 'time' से पहले होना चाहिए।
• साथ ही दूसरे भाग में प्रयुक्त adjective 'illicit' गलत है।
• Adjective 'illicit' का अर्थ है ग़ैर-क़ानूनी; अवैध।
• वाक्य के संदर्भ के अनुसार verb 'elicit' का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।
• Verb 'elicit' का अर्थ है प्रकाश में लाना।
  

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है ।

सही वाक्य: I tried to get the surgeon to elicit that she just needed some time to get used to the idea.

The correct answer is 'Haggard.'

Key Points 

• The given word 'Emaciated' means very thin and weak, usually because of illness or extreme hunger. (बहुत पतला और कमजोर, आमतौर पर बीमारी या अत्यधिक भूख के कारण)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Lean' means (used about a person or animal) thin and in good health. (पतला और स्‍वस्‍थ व्‍यक्ति या पशु)
• 'Haggard' means (used about a person) looking ill or tired, often with dark skin under the eyes. (बीमार या थका हुआ दिखना, अक्सर आंखों के नीचे काली त्वचा के साथ)
• 'Anger' means the strong feeling that you have when something has happened or somebody has done something that you do not like. (क्रोध, ग़ुस्‍सा, रोष)
• 'Corpulent' means (of a person) fat. (मोटा व्यक्ति)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

<br>

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Emaciated' are "haggard, skeletal, skinny".
• The antonyms of the word 'Emaciated' are "chubby, corpulent, fat".

The correct answer is Detritivores.

Key Points

• Detritivores
• A detritivore is an organism that eats dead or decaying plants or animals as food. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
• Detritivores include microorganisms such as bacteria and larger organisms such as fungi, insects, worms, and some crustaceans.
• Detritivore is a combination of the word detritus and the suffix -vore. Detritus means waste or debris—in this case, dead plants and animals.
• The suffix -vore means “one that eats,” as seen in herbivore (plant-eater) and carnivore (meat-eater).
• So a detritivore eats dead plants and animals.
• Animals classified as scavengers also eat dead matter, but on a larger scale.
• Detritivores are an essential part of the food chain because they help to break down dead plant or animal matter.
• This returns essential nutrients to the ecosystem and helps to prevent a buildup of dead or rotting material that could spread disease and have other negative consequences.
• 

Additional Information

• Decomposers
• It plays a critical role in the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
• They break apart dead organisms into simpler inorganic materials, making nutrients available to primary producers.
• Decomposers feed on dead things: dead plant materials such as leaf litter and wood, animal carcasses, and feces.
• They perform a valuable service as Earth’s cleanup crew.
• Without decomposers, dead leaves, dead insects, and dead animals would pile up everywhere.
• Fungi are important decomposers, especially in forests.
• Some kinds of fungi, such as mushrooms, look like plants.
• But fungi do not contain chlorophyll, the pigment that green plants use to make their food with the energy of sunlight.
• Instead, fungi get all their nutrients from dead materials that they break down with special enzymes.
• An omnivore
• It is an organism that eats plants and animals.
• Omnivores are a diverse group of animals.
• Examples of omnivores include bears, birds, dogs, raccoons, foxes, certain insects, and even humans.
• Animals that hunt other animals are known as predators, while those that are hunted are known as prey.
• A carnivore
• It is an organism, in most cases an animal, that eats meat.
• A carnivorous animal that hunts other animals is called a predator; an animal that is hunted is called prey.
• An animal's diet determines where it falls on the food chain, a sequence of organisms that provide energy and nutrients for other organisms.

The correct answer is Colluvium soil.

• Colluvium soil is transported by gravity.
• Colluvium is a type of parent material that moved downslope due to gravitational forces (in some cases water may play a role in initiation of the movement).
• Colluvium is heterogeneous, unsorted material of all particle sizes (from boulders to clay) with relatively little abrasion to round the particles.
• Colluvium consists of very sharp, angular rock fragments accumulated at the base of steep slopes.

Key Points

• Aeolian soil is a type of soil that is transported from one place to another by the wind.
• Alluvium soil is a loose, unconsolidated (not cemented together into a solid rock) soil or sediments, which has been eroded, reshaped by water in some form and redeposited in a non-marine setting.
• Glacial soil is an unsorted, non-stratified glacial deposit consisting of clay, silt, sand, and boulders transported and deposited by glacial ice.

Additional Information

• Transported soil is weathered soil deposits that are transported from one place to another by natural agents like wind, water, and glaciers.
• Based on the means of transportation, there are wind-transported soils, water-deposited soil and glacier-deposited soils.
• Water-deposited soils
• Water forms one of the major transporters of soil deposits.
• The size of the soil deposits carried by the water depends on the velocity of the moving water.
• High swift water can carry a large amount of soil (both coarse and fine) either by suspension or through rolling.
• When the velocity almost moves to zero, a delta is formed at the receiving body of still water.
• The soils carried and deposited by water are called alluvial deposits.
• Those deposits made in the lake are called lacustrine deposits.
• When these deposits are carried to the ocean or sea, it is called as marine deposits.
• Wind-transported soils
• The soil deposited by wind is called aeolian deposits.
• The size of particles transported is dependent on the velocity of the wind.
• In arid regions and the leeward side of the sea, large sand dunes are formed due to wind.
• A type of silt deposited by wind is loess.
• This soil has a low density and is highly compressible.
• This type of soil lacks sufficient bearing capacity.
• Glacier-deposited soils
• Large glaciers during their movement, carry soils of various sizes to huge boulders.
• The soil gets mixed up with the glacier and gets transported to large distances.
• The deposits made by glaciers either directly or indirectly are known as drifts.
• When soil deposits are formed by the melting of glaciers, it is called till.
• The deposits formed by glaciers are called glaciofluvial.
• These soil deposits are made by melting water and finally possess stratification.
• These deposits of glacial till possess high shear strength and can be compacted to sufficient dry density.
• Gravity-deposited soils
• Soils can be transported and deposited by the action of gravity.
• The movement is a very small distance.
• For example, the movement from a steep slope under the action of gravitational force.
• Talus is a type of colluvial soil that is deposited by gravitational force.
• It consists of good coarse-grained particles and rock pieces which are highly demanded in engineering works.

The correct answer is fertility.

• India has successively passed through all the phases of demographic transition and is now widely believed to have entered the final phase. which is normally characterized by rapidly declining fertility.
• Fertility is the ability to produce a child.

Key Points 

• Father of Indian Statistics - P. C. Mahalanobis.
• Indian Statistics day is observed on June 29 (the birthday anniversary of  P. C. Mahalanobis).
• The theme of National Statistics Day 2021 is Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-2  (End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture).​

Additional Information 

• Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings.
• Demographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as education, nationality, religion, and ethnicity.
• Census is an official enumeration of the population from time to time.
• Census has been conducted every 10 years by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• The 16th Indian census will be taken in 2021.
• In September 2019, Union Home Minister Amit Shah had stated that the 2021 national census would be held fully digitally through a mobile phone application.
• In February 2021, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman confirmed in her budget speech that the 2021 census will be the first-ever digital census in India.
• 2021 census will be carried out in 16 languages.
• The 15th Indian census was taken in 2011.
• India is the second most populated country in the world.
• The population in India is 139 crores.
• India has 17.7% of the world's population.
• The population density in India is 464 per km2.
• The first census in India was conducted by the Viceroy - Lord Mayo (1872).
• The first official census in India was conducted by the Viceroy - Lord Rippon (1881).

Important Points 

• The state with the highest literacy rate - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest literacy rate - Bihar.
• The most populous state in India - Uttar Pradesh.
• The least populous state in India - Sikkim.
• The state with the highest population growth rate - Meghalaya.
• The state with the least population growth rate - Nagaland.
• The most densely populous state in India - West Bengal.
• The least densely populous state in India - Arunachal Pradesh.
• The state with the highest sex ratio - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest sex ratio - Haryana.
• The state with the highest literacy rate - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest literacy rate - Bihar.
• The most populous Union Territory in India - Delhi.
• The least populous Union Territory in India - Lakshadweep.
• The most densely populous Union Territory in India - Delhi.
• The least densely populous Union Territory in India - Andaman Nicobar Islands.
• The Union Territory with the highest sex ratio - Puducherry.
• The Union Territory with the lowest sex ratio - Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
• The Union Territory with the highest literacy rate -  Lakshadweep.
• The Union Territory with the lowest literacy rate - Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

The correct answer is A guaranteed high quality life.

• A guaranteed high-quality life is not included in the common characteristics of urbanization.

Key Points

• Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
• It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas.

Additional Information

• Census is an official enumeration of the population from time to time.
• Census has been conducted every 10 years by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• The 16th Indian census will be taken in 2021.
• In September 2019, Union Home Minister Amit Shah had stated that the 2021 national census would be held fully digitally through a mobile phone application.
• In February 2021, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman confirmed in her budget speech that the 2021 census will be the first-ever digital census in India.
• The 15th Indian census was taken in 2011.
• India is the second most populated country in the world.
• The population in India is 139 crores.
• India has 17.7% of the world's population (as per current data).
• As per Census 2011, India's population accounts for the world's 17.5% population.
• The population density in India is 382 per km2.
• The first census in India was conducted by the Viceroy - Lord Mayo (1872).
• The first official census in India was conducted by the Viceroy - Lord Rippon (1881).
• Father of Indian Statistics - P. C. Mahalanobis.
• Indian Statistics day is observed on June 29 (the birthday anniversary of  P. C. Mahalanobis).
• The theme of National Statistics Day 2021 is Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-2  (End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture).

Important Points

• The state with the highest literacy rate - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest literacy rate - Bihar.
• The most populous state in India - Uttar Pradesh.
• The least populous state in India - Sikkim.
• The state with the highest population growth rate - Meghalaya.
• The state with the least population growth rate - Nagaland.
• The most densely populous state in India - Bihar.
• The least densely populous state in India - Arunachal Pradesh.
• The state with the highest sex ratio - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest sex ratio - Haryana.
• The state with the highest literacy rate - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest literacy rate - Bihar.
• The most populous Union Territory in India - Delhi.
• The least populous Union Territory in India - Lakshadweep.
• The most densely populous Union Territory in India - Delhi.
• The least densely populous Union Territory in India - Andaman Nicobar Islands.
• The Union Territory with the highest sex ratio - Puducherry.
• The Union Territory with the lowest sex ratio - Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
• The Union Territory with the highest literacy rate -  Lakshadweep.
• The Union Territory with the lowest literacy rate - Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

The correct answer is Globalisation, Liberalization, Privatization.

• Globalisation, Liberalization, Privatization are negative syndrome forces of poverty-induced migration.

Key Points

• Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
• It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas.

Additional InformationGlobalization

• Globalization is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange.
• Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.
• Globalization has increased the production of goods and services.
• Globalization has accelerated since the 18th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology.
• This increase in global interactions has caused a growth in international trade and the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture.
• Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that is associated with social and cultural aspects.
• Economically, globalization involves goods, services, data, technology, and the economic resources of capital.

Liberalization

• Liberalization is the process or means of the elimination of control of the state over economic activities.
• It provides greater autonomy to the business enterprises in decision-making and eliminates government interference.
• Liberalization or Liberalisation is a broad term that refers to the practice of making laws, systems, or opinions less severe, usually in the sense of eliminating certain government regulations or restrictions.
• The term is used most often in relation to economics, where it refers to economic liberalization, the removal or reduction of restrictions placed upon (a particular sphere of) economic activity.
• However, liberalization can also be used as a synonym for decriminalization or legalization (the act of making something legal after it used to be illegal), for example when describing drug liberalization.

Privatization

• Privatization is the transfer of publicly owned or publicly operated means of production to private ownership or operation.
• The argument for this transfer is usually that privately run enterprises are subject to the discipline of the market and therefore they will be more efficient.
• Privatization can mean different things including moving something from the public sector into the private sector.
• It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when a heavily regulated private company or industry becomes less regulated.
• Government functions and services may also be privatized (which may also be known as "franchising" or "out-sourcing"); in this case, private entities are tasked with the implementation of government programs or performance of government services that had previously been the purview of state-run agencies.
• Some examples include revenue collection, law enforcement, water supply, and prison management.

The correct answer is Decomposers.

• The final group of organisms in a food chain of an ecosystem are bacteria and fungi, which are called Decomposers.

Additional Information

• The food chain, in ecology, is the sequence of transfers of matter and energy in the form of food from organism to organism.
• A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at an apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria).
• Every level in a food chain is known as a trophic level.
• A trophic level refers to the sequential stages in a food chain, starting with producers at the bottom, followed by primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.

Important Points

• The first and lowest level contains the producers, green plants.
• The plants or their products are consumed by the second-level organisms are called the herbivores, or plant-eaters.
• At the third level, primary carnivores, or meat-eaters, eat the herbivores.
• At the fourth level, secondary carnivores eat the primary carnivores.
• These categories are not strictly defined, as many organisms feed on several trophic levels; for example, some carnivores also consume plant materials or carrion and are called omnivores, and some herbivores occasionally consume animal matter.
• The last trophic level, the decomposers or transformers, consists of organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and waste materials into nutrients usable by the producers.
• The sun is the initial source of energy.
• Producers:
• Producers are the first stage in a food chain.
• Producers are any plant or other organisms that produce their own nutrients through photosynthesis.
• Producers are also known as autotrophs (they make their own food).
• The producers in a food chain include all autotrophs such as green plants, algae, phytoplankton, cyanobacteria.
• Consumers:
• Consumers are the largest part of a food web.
• Consumers contain almost all living organisms.
• Consumers are all organisms that are dependent on plants or other organisms for food.
• It includes herbivores which are animals that eat plants, carnivores which are animals that eat other animals, omnivores that eat both plants and animals.
• Decomposers:
• Decomposers are the last stage in a food chain.
• Decomposers are organisms that get energy from dead or waste organic material.
• Decomposers are an integral part of a food chain, as they convert organic waste materials into inorganic materials like nutrient-rich soil or land.

Image of Decomposers with Example:

The correct answer is Fertility, mortality and migration.

• Fertility, mortality and migration are the factors of the growth rate of the population.

Key Points 

• Father of Indian Statistics - P. C. Mahalanobis.
• Indian Statistics day is observed on June 29 (the birthday anniversary of  P. C. Mahalanobis).
• The theme of National Statistics Day 2021 is Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-2  (End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture).​

Additional Information 

• Census is an official enumeration of the population from time to time.
• Census has been conducted every 10 years by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• The 16th Indian census will be taken in 2021.
• In September 2019, Union Home Minister Amit Shah had stated that the 2021 national census would be held fully digitally through a mobile phone application.
• In February 2021, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman confirmed in her budget speech that the 2021 census will be the first-ever digital census in India.
• 2021 census will be carried out in 16 languages.
• The 15th Indian census was taken in 2011.
• India is the second most populated country in the world.
• The population in India is 139 crores.
• India has 17.7% of the world's population.
• The population density in India is 464 per km2.
• The first census in India was conducted by the Viceroy - Lord Mayo (1872).
• The first official census in India was conducted by the Viceroy - Lord Rippon (1881).

Important Points 

• According to Census 2011:
• The state with the highest literacy rate - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest literacy rate - Bihar.
• The most populous state in India - Uttar Pradesh.
• The least populous state in India - Sikkim.
• The state with the highest population growth rate - Meghalaya.
• The state with the least population growth rate - Nagaland.
• The most densely populous state in India - Bihar.
• The least densely populous state in India - Arunachal Pradesh.
• The state with the highest sex ratio - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest sex ratio - Haryana.
• The state with the highest literacy rate - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest literacy rate - Bihar.
• The most populous Union Territory in India - Delhi.
• The least populous Union Territory in India - Lakshadweep.
• The most densely populous Union Territory in India - Delhi.
• The least densely populous Union Territory in India - Andaman Nicobar Islands.
• The Union Territory with the highest sex ratio - Puducherry.
• The Union Territory with the lowest sex ratio - Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
• The Union Territory with the highest literacy rate -  Lakshadweep.
• The Union Territory with the lowest literacy rate - Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

The correct answer is Secondary carnivores.

• In an oversimplified concept of grazing food chains, snakes can be categorized as Secondary carnivores.

Additional Information

• The food chain, in ecology, is the sequence of transfers of matter and energy in the form of food from organism to organism.
• A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at an apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria).
• Every level in a food chain is known as a trophic level.
• A trophic level refers to the sequential stages in a food chain, starting with producers at the bottom, followed by primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.
• The first and lowest level contains the producers, green plants.
• The plants or their products are consumed by the second-level organisms are called the herbivores, or plant-eaters.
• At the third level, primary carnivores, or meat-eaters, eat the herbivores.
• At the fourth level, secondary carnivores eat the primary carnivores.
• These categories are not strictly defined, as many organisms feed on several trophic levels; for example, some carnivores also consume plant materials or carrion and are called omnivores, and some herbivores occasionally consume animal matter.
• The last trophic level, the decomposers or transformers, consists of organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and waste materials into nutrients usable by the producers.
• The sun is the initial source of energy.
• Producers:
• Producers are the first stage in a food chain.
• Producers are any plant or other organisms that produce their own nutrients through photosynthesis.
• Producers are also known as autotrophs (they make their own food).
• The producers in a food chain include all autotrophs such as green plants, algae, phytoplankton, cyanobacteria.
• Consumers:
• Consumers are the largest part of a food web.
• Consumers contain almost all living organisms.
• Consumers are all organisms that are dependent on plants or other organisms for food.
• It includes herbivores which are animals that eat plants, carnivores which are animals that eat other animals, omnivores that eat both plants and animals.
• Decomposers:
• Decomposers are the last stage in a food chain.
• Decomposers are organisms that get energy from dead or waste organic material.
• Decomposers are an integral part of a food chain, as they convert organic waste materials into inorganic materials like nutrient-rich soil or land.

The correct answer is Only I and III.

• Basic characteristics of urbanization in India can be highlighted as the massive growth of slums and poor quality of urbanization.

Key Points

• Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
• It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas.

Additional Information

• Census is an official enumeration of the population from time to time.
• Census has been conducted every 10 years by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• The 16th Indian census will be taken in 2021.
• In September 2019, Union Home Minister Amit Shah had stated that the 2021 national census would be held fully digitally through a mobile phone application.
• In February 2021, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman confirmed in her budget speech that the 2021 census will be the first-ever digital census in India.
• 2021 census will be carried out in 16 languages.
• The 15th Indian census was taken in 2011.
• India is the second most populated country in the world.
• The population in India is 139 crores.
• India has 17.7% of the world's population.
• The population density in India is 464 per km2.
• The first census in India was conducted by the Viceroy - Lord Mayo (1872).
• The first official census in India was conducted by the Viceroy - Lord Rippon (1881).
• Father of Indian Statistics - P. C. Mahalanobis.
• Indian Statistics day is observed on June 29 (the birthday anniversary of  P. C. Mahalanobis).
• The theme of National Statistics Day 2021 is Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-2  (End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture).

Important Points

• The state with the highest literacy rate - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest literacy rate - Bihar.
• The most populous state in India - Uttar Pradesh.
• The least populous state in India - Sikkim.
• The state with the highest population growth rate - Meghalaya.
• The state with the least population growth rate - Nagaland.
• The most densely populous state in India - West Bengal.
• The least densely populous state in India - Arunachal Pradesh.
• The state with the highest sex ratio - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest sex ratio - Haryana.
• The state with the highest literacy rate - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest literacy rate - Bihar.
• The most populous Union Territory in India - Delhi.
• The least populous Union Territory in India - Lakshadweep.
• The most densely populous Union Territory in India - Delhi.
• The least densely populous Union Territory in India - Andaman Nicobar Islands.
• The Union Territory with the highest sex ratio - Puducherry.
• The Union Territory with the lowest sex ratio - Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
• The Union Territory with the highest literacy rate -  Lakshadweep.
• The Union Territory with the lowest literacy rate - Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

The correct answer is Sikkim.

• Sikkim has areas of low density that suffer from either low rainfall or rough terrain or harsh climatic conditions or a combination of these factors.

Additional InformationSikkim

• State formed: 16^th May 1975.
• Capital: Gangtok.
• Chief Minister: Prem Singh Tamang.
• Governor: Ganga Prasad.
• Official Language: English.
• Sikkim is the least populous state in India.
• Sikkim is the second smallest state in India after Goa.
• Sikkim High court is the smallest High court in India.
• Sikkim is the first state to start the online lottery.
• The world's highest ATM is located at Nathu La pass (Thegu) in Sikkim.
• Teesta river is called the "Lifeline of Sikkim".
• Sikkim is the only state which does not have a rail network.

Puducherry

• The Union Territory with highest sex-ratio (1037 females/ 1000 males).
• In 1962, Puducherry became a Union Territory.
• The name Pondicherry is renamed Puducherry in 2006.
• The Union Territory where the people speak French.
• The first Union Territory in India to form a Legislative Assembly.
• Puducherry consists of four districts such as Puducherry, Karaikkal (Tamil Nadu), Yanam (Andhra Pradesh), Mahe (Kerala).
• The smallest district in India is Mahe.
• Mayyazhi River (Mahe River) is known as the "English Channel" as it separated the British and French-occupied territories in Kerala.
• Puducherry and Yanam are situated adjacent to the Bay of Bengal and Mahe situated adjacent to the Arabian Sea.

Daman and Diu

• On 26^th January 2020, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli merged into a Union Territory.
• Capital - Daman
• Administrator - Praful Patel
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli comes under the jurisdiction of the Mumbai High Court.
• Daman and Diu is the lowest sex ratio Union Territory.
• Daman and Diu is the least literate Union Territory.

Delhi

• The new capital of India was inaugurated on 13^th February 1931.
• Delhi became the capital of India when it was shifted from Kolkata in 1911.
• Delhi became the Union Territory in 1956.
• Delhi was given the status of National Capital Territory in 1992 by the 69^th Constitutional Amendment Act 1991.
• Delhi was earlier known as Indraprastha.
• Delhi was designed by the British architects  Edwin Luytens and Herbert Baker.
• The India Gate is primarily known as the "All India War Memorial".
• Lotus Temple, Jama Masjid, Connaught Palace, Humayun Tomb, Akshardham Temple, and Red Fort are situated in Delhi.
• The first Asian Games were held in Delhi in 1951.
• Indira Gandhi International Airport is situated in Delhi.
• The first food bank in India is in Delhi.
• New Delhi is the headquarter of the Indian Army, Air Force, Navy, CBI, Indian Railway, ITBP, and Punjab National Bank.
• The first driverless metro in India.
• Delhi is the most populous and most densely populated Union Territory in India.
• Chief Minister - Arvind Kejriwal.
• Lieutenant Governor - Anil Baijal.

The correct answer is Industrial emissions of greenhouse gases that affect the climate.

• Brown carbon emissions are industrial emissions of greenhouse gases that affect the climate.

Additional Information

• There are both natural and human sources of carbon dioxide emissions.
• Natural sources include decomposition, ocean release, and respiration.
• Human sources come from activities like cement production, deforestation as well as the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas.
• Blue carbon is the term carbon captured by the world’s oceans and coastal ecosystems.
• Blue carbon is carbon sequestration (the removal of carbon dioxide from the earth's atmosphere) by the world's oceanic and coastal ecosystems, mostly by algae, seagrasses, macroalgae, mangroves, salt marshes, and other plants in coastal wetlands.
• This occurs through plant growth and the accumulation and burial of organic matter in the soil.
• Because oceans cover 70% of the planet, ocean ecosystem restoration has the greatest blue carbon development potential.
• Fossil fuel use is the primary source of CO₂.
• CO₂ can also be emitted from direct human-induced impacts on forestry and other land use, such as through deforestation, land clearing for agriculture, and degradation of soils.
• Land can also remove CO2 from the atmosphere through reforestation, improvement of soils, and other activities.

Image Process:

The correct answer is Venus.

• Venus planet in our solar system has no moon (satellite).

Key Points

• The Solar System consists of the Sun and eight planets.
• The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
• A planet is a large celestial body that revolves around the sun in fixed orbits.
• The Sun is the center of the Solar system.

 

Additional Information 

Venus

• Venus is the second planet from the Sun.
• Venus is called the morning or an evening star.
• Venus is the brightest and hottest planet.
• Venus is also called "Earth’s twin".
• Venus has no moon or satellite of its own.
• It rotates from east to west while the Earth rotates from west to east.
• It takes 5,832 hours to complete a rotation.
• Venus has the slowest rotational speed.

Jupiter

• Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun.
• Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
• Jupiter is the fastest rotating planet and it takes only 10 hours to complete a rotation.

Mars

• Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.
• Mars is also called the "Red planet".
• Mars has two small natural satellites (Phobos and Deimos).
• It takes 25 hours to complete a rotation.

Uranus

• Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun.
• Uranus is also called the "Green planet".
• Uranus is known as "Rolling planet or Lying planet".
• Uranus is the first planet that was discovered with the use of a telescope.

Important Points 

• Smallest planet - Mercury.
• Blue planet -Earth.
• Densest planet - Earth.
• Farthest and Coldest planet - Neptune.
• The planet has the fastest revolution - Mercury.
• The planet has the slowest revolution - Neptune.
• The largest satellite in our solar system - is Ganymede.
• The smallest moon is Deimos, at Mars, only seven miles in diameter, although its size now is rivaled by the small shepherd moons discovered by Cassini at Saturn.